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	Second Sudanese Civil War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The war is usually characterized as a fight between the southern, non-Arab populations against the northern, Arab-dominated government.
		During this period, the civil war intensified in lethality and the economy continued to deteriorate.
		The agreement reached during this war in 2002 is also one of the causes of the Darfur conflict.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Sudanese_Civil_War (3117 words)

	THE CIVIL WAR IN SUDAN AND THE TRADING MECHANISMS OF
		Whereas the Sudanese civil war in the past used to be a ‘low budget war fought by ragtag armies’, - the war in recent years has developed into ‘modern counter-insurgency warfare between asymmetric parties where the population sits on the loosing side’.
		Thus, since 1983, the year when the civil war between the country’s Northern-based government and rebel forces representing the aspirations of the people in the South, was last resumed, almost 2 million people are believed to have been killed.
		The example of the civil war in Sudan is, then, of general significance for the worldwide debate on globalisation.
	stop-war.aufmupf.de /PineSGI410102091216000308138199-100000.html (2392 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Others all but automatically support wars out of a sense of patriotism which leads to an attitude of "my country, right or wrong." Americans saw this in much of the early support for the war in Vietnam or the remarkable proliferation of displayed flags in the aftermath of September 11.
		New wars, she explains, are not massive conflicts between states trying to inflict the most damage, but rather they are a mixture of war, organized crime, and large-scale human rights violations.
		These new wars, she argues, are fought for particularistic political goals and employ tactics of terror and destabilization that are outlawed by the traditional rules of modern warfare.
	www.beyondintractability.org /m/war_unequal_power.jsp (4051 words)

	Iran-Iraq War - dKosopedia
		The Iran-Iraq War (also called the First Persian Gulf War, or the Imposed War in Iran) was a war between Iran and Iraq, lasting from September 22, 1980 until August 20, 1988.
		The war began with an Iraqi invasion of Iran which advanced quickly, then stabilized into a defensive position for the bulk of the war, and then advanced again later in the war.
		The war was characterized by extreme brutality, including the use of chemical weapons, by both countries, and especially tabun, by Iraq.
	www.dkosopedia.com /index.php/Iran-Iraq_War (1300 words)

	War and Slavery in Sudan \| Jok, Jok Madut
		Exposes the fact that slavery remains widespread in Sudan and is not grounded in the current civil war but on old prejudices between the Muslim north and the Christian south.
		As Jok Madut Jok argues, the present day is one such time, as the Sudanese civil war that resumed in 1983 rages on between the Arab north and the fl south.
		Jok emphasizes that the contemporary practice of slavery in Sudan is not the result of two decades of civil war, as conventional wisdom in the media would have one believe.
	www.upenn.edu /pennpress/book/13478.html (549 words)

	USAID: Sudan FY 2002 Congressional Budget Justification
		Attempts to negotiate an end to the civil war between the North and the South of Sudan are hindered by the fact that the Government of Sudan (GOS) is known both for the human rights violations inflicted on its own populations and for its support for international terrorism.
		Conclusion of the civil war and an end to their human rights violations and support for terrorism would be significant contributions to international stability in this important but volatile part of the world.
		In the absence of an end to the Sudanese civil war, gross human rights violations and support of terrorism, the USG continues to provide humanitarian assistance to war-affected populations throughout Sudan.
	www.usaid.gov /pubs/cbj2002/afr/sd (1741 words)

	War: Fruit Or Sour Grapes?
		War between England and France lasted one hundred years and the Peloponnesian War in ancient Greece lasted twenty-seven years.
		I believe, however, the Civil War in America (as bloody as it was) resulted in arguable freedom from slavery.
		Pacifists will say that no war is necessary, but we would not be sitting in our nice warm homes in America watching the NFL playoffs if we hadn’t made a move in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
	www.useless-knowledge.com /1234/jan/article284.html (452 words)

	Briefing on Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		Sudanese women visiting the United States to talk about the civil war, famine, and slavery in their country recently urged an audience at the United Methodist building in Washington to mobilize American public opinion against the war in their country.
		Although the Sudanese government denies the existence of slavery within its borders, Sudan and Mauritania are the only countries in Africa where the practice still exists.
		Sudanese women and children are often abducted and subjugated into slavery.
	gbgm-umc.org /africa/sudan/gbgm062000mzbm.html (445 words)

	Sudan: NGO Report
		The humanitarian toll of the war is appalling and not confined to Sudan.
		The humanitarian impact of the Sudanese conflict is not confined to Sudan nor to the Sudanese.
		There are fundamental disagreements which go to the core of the Sudanese state: disputed autonomy for the south; the transitional government; the territorial control of oil rich regions; and the separation of religion and state.
	www.globalpolicy.org /security/issues/sudan1.htm (2615 words)

	The Hindu : India joins Sudan's war (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		The Government claims it is capable of carrying on the war indefinitely with the revenue from the oil.
		The problem of extracting and exporting oil in a country in the midst of a devastating civil war cannot be over-stated.
		Oil has fuelled Sudan's civil war, further stoking outrage especially in the West over the Sudanese Government's human rights violations and the complicity of the oil firms.
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/2002/06/24/stories/2002062400311000.htm (1143 words)

	espac.org - PROFILE
		It analyses the causes and course of the war, and challenges the accusations of genocide, racism and marginalisation made against the government of Sudan.
		Sudan was wracked by civil war in southern Sudan off and on from 1955 until 2005.
		Civil war, led by the SPLA, re-ignited in 1983 and was only ended by the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement.
	www.espac.org /profile/profile.asp (649 words)

	Sudanese Education Fund History
		The South Sudanese Refugees are survivors of a mass exodus of children who fled south Sudan for the relative safety of Ethiopia in 1987 during a particularly violent phase of the (still ongoing) Sudanese civil war.
		In 1999 the South Sudanese refugees were approved by the State Department for resettlement in the United States.
		The South Sudanese refugees are considered by historians and refugee specialists to be an historically unique group.
	www.sudaneseeducationfund.org /history.html (438 words)

	espac.org - ALLEGATIONS OF SLAVERY
		The intervention in Sudan by foreign powers, especially the United States, and by civil groups with partisan religious and political motivations, has exacerbated and prolonged a tragic conflict by the deliberate and cynical manufacture of blatantly manufactured distortions, lies and hoaxes.
		The new and significant moves towards a peaceful resolution of the Sudanese civil war (1), as outlined in the July 2002 Machakos peace protocol, must go hand in hand with a concerted attempt to cut away the dead hand of propaganda that has artificially prolonged the conflict.
		Civil war has raged in Sudan off and on between the Sudanese government and rebels in southern Sudan since 1955.
	www.espac.org /allegations_of_slavery_pages/allegations_slavery.asp (475 words)

	Case Study
		The civil war in the Sudan is routinely characterized as a conflict between Muslims and Christians, Arabs and Africans, or North and South.
		This new conflict is generally characterized simply as a continuation of the North/South ethno-religious conflict of the previous civil war, but it is actually quite different, in terms of who is leading the fight and what their goals are.
		Thus, although this war continues to involve all of the issues that started the first civil war, it has continued because of issues of environment and resources which make settlement in the near future highly unlikely.
	www.american.edu /ted/ice/sudan.htm (2791 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Region \| Sudan at the crossroads
		The dynamics of domestic Sudanese politics and the discovery of oil quantities amenable to commercial exploitation are drawing in interested parties from near and far.
		A flurry of diplomatic activity promises to reactivate the stalled Sudanese peace process to end the civil war, which has ravaged the southern part of the country for almost two decades now.
		The Sudanese authorities have appealed to the US to take additional steps in its mediation efforts to end the Sudanese civil war that has claimed the lives of an estimated three million people and has left in its wake widespread destruction of property, public utilities and infrastructure.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /2002/569/re2.htm (1317 words)

	A State under Siege: The Internationalisation of the Sudanese Civil War - African Security Review Vol 7 No 1, 1998
		As was the case in the first phase of the civil war, the issue of the autonomy of the South has remained the central driving force behind the liberation movements.
		This is the first time in the history of the Sudanese civil war that the liberation movements have formally entered into a marriage of convenience with the northern parties to oppose the leadership in Khartoum.
		The eleven years' truce (1972-1983), the longest in the history of the civil war, prevailed because of the willingness of the parties to observe the provisions of the Accord.
	www.issafrica.org /Pubs/ASR/7No1/Adar.html (5343 words)

	Valley Sudanese mourn national hero
		The country is split by ethnicity and religion: An estimated 2 million have died of either fighting or famine during the civil war.
		Garang played a pivotal role from the outset of that conflict: Twenty-one years ago, as an officer in the Sudanese army, he was sent south to quell mutiny among soldiers.
		Joseph Gak, 61, Phoenix, who fought alongside Garang as a teenager in an earlier Sudanese civil war, said the vice president still remembered his name more than 40 years later when they were reunited in Phoenix this winter.
	www.azcentral.com /arizonarepublic/local/articles/0808sudanese08.html (740 words)

	The Conflict in Sudan
		The First Sudanese Civil War, between the Muslim government and non-Muslim population of Southern Sudan, came to an end after seventeen years of conflict in 1972 with the Addis Ababa Accords.
		The Sudanese government was caught by surprise and didn't have many troops in the region to fight back.
		With the support of the Sudanese government, they are not being viewed or tried as criminals and have gained free reign over the Darfur region, years after the SLA's and JEM's attack.
	www.operationsudan.org /theconflict.html (789 words)

	HRW Calls for International Arms Embargo on All Sides in the Sudanese Civil War (Human Rights Watch, 20-8-1998) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		If, in addition, the government of Sudan has managed to acquire SCUD missiles, as is alleged by a Sudanese diplomat who defected in 1997, the potential exists for a widening of the regional scope of the conflict, and possibly an intensification of the fighting itself.
		Ugandan troops have entered Sudanese territory on the side of the rebels and engaged government forces and rebels of the LRA in combat on a number of occasions.
		Violations of human rights and the laws of war have been widespread, systematic, and prolonged throughout the civil war in Sudan.
	www.hrw.org /hrw/press98/aug/sudn0821.htm (1277 words)

	Online NewsHour Update: Sudan Leaders Sign Peace Agreement -- January 10, 2005
		Sudanese President Hassan Omer el-Bashir, who called the agreement "a new beginning for the people of Sudan," said it should pave the way for the resolution of problems of war and displacement in Darfur.
		"Now that the war is ended, I call on all Sudanese people and their political forces to build consensus around this comprehensive peace agreement and use it to end war in other parts of Sudan," he added.
		The north-south Sudanese Civil War has killed at least 2 million people, uprooted 4 million more, and forced some 600,000 to flee to neighboring countries, according to the United Nations.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/updates/sudan_01-10-05.html (727 words)

	War at its "deadliest phase", ICG warns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		The Sudanese conflict began in 1983, when the Sudanese government, led at the time by former President Ja'far Numayri, imposed Islamic shari'ah law on the entire country, including the mostly Christian and animist south.
		It went on to say that the divergent positions held by the warring parties were too entrenched to be reconciled through conventional facilitation alone.
		ICG was therefore urging the regional players, and key players from the international community with influence on both sides to use their leverage to compel both parties to move towards peace.
	www.irinnews.org /print.asp?ReportID=28558 (791 words)

	Sudan Civil War
		The SPLA, and its NDA allies have received political, military and logistical support primarily from Ethiopia, Uganda and Eritrea.
		These states were firmly behind efforts to overthrow the Sudan Government and install in its place Sudanese opposition groups, operating under the umbrella of a coalition known as the National Democratic Alliance (NDA).
		This region has been negatively affected by war for all but 10 years of the independence period (1956), resulting in serious neglect, lack of infrastructure development, and major destruction and displacement.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/war/sudan.htm (709 words)

	TechMission: Sudanese Online Community - Sudan - Lost Boys - Movie - Refugees - News - Music - Diaspora - Southern ...
		"War of Visions sheds light on the anomalies of the identity conflict in the Sudan between the Arab-Islamic mold of the North and the indigenous African race of the South.
		Increasingly marginalized since the end of the Cold War, the continent of Africa is struggling to identify both the root causes and possible solutions to the maladies that continue to plague it.
		In this gripping, layered analysis of the brutal civil war in Sudan, Scroggins examines the complex relationship between the West and troubled Africa.
	www.techmission.org /sudan/books.php (864 words)

	The SPLA fit to govern? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-23)
		The war in Sudan is also presented as one between the Islamic north and the largely animist south.
		The SPLA’s purposeful abduction and isolation of southern Sudanese children can be seen as a corrupted and less sophisticated version of the Nazi use of youngsters for political and military ends, the result of which is a grouping of child soldiers within the SPLA known as the "Red Army".
		Sudanese who were in Itang during that period later reported they routinely saw trucks being re-loaded with food at the camp stores: at times on a daily basis.
	www.sudanembassy.org /asp/print.asp?ID=77 (14178 words)

	Terms
		First Sudanese Civil War: Conflict from 1955-1972, which resulted in the death of half a million people.
		The Second Sudanese Civil War is seen as more of a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War, as the conflict still lies between the Muslim north and Christian south.
		Sharia: Islamic canonical law based on the teachings of the Koran and the traditions of the Prophet (Hadith and Sunna), prescribing both religious and secular duties and sometimes retributive penalties for lawbreaking.
	www.operationsudan.org /terms.html (773 words)

	Stop Training Iraqis for Civil War - by Ivan Eland
		A rapid U.S. withdrawal and decentralization of Iraqi governance is the last hope to avoid a full-fledged civil war, because the three groups don't want to live together and are frightened that a strong central government could be used to oppress the group or groups that don't control it.
		A decentralization of government and sharing of oil revenues was part of the agreement that ended the Sudanese civil war, which killed millions of people.
		To prevent the tragedy of a full-blown civil war, the U.S. must first quit deepening the hole it is in and then use its climb out to fill back in the dirt for Iraq's future.
	antiwar.com /eland/?articleid=9874 (1057 words)

	Delaying Peace in Sudan: Propaganda Journalism by Channel 4 TV in Britain (by David Hoile/ESPAC) - Media Monitors ...
		The government's answer was: "There is evidence to suggest that military expenditure has remained stable." (6) A year earlier, in March 2000, the British Government, in reply to a similar Parliamentary question about oil-related arms purchases, stated that they did not "have any evidence of such expenditure at present".
		It is a matter of record that it is SPLA rebels who continue to prolong the Sudanese civil war despite considerable international pressure on them to accept a ceasefire and enter into peaceful negotiations.
		If they were concerned about cause and effect, or at the very least the sort of balance and objectivity expected of journalists they might have drawn the link between the release of millions of dollars of American assistance to the SPLA and the acquisition and use of a new weapons system by the rebel movement.
	www.mediamonitors.net /espac10.html (1922 words)

	Home
		Welcome to the Sudanese in Kentucky Web site, where we honor the history and recognize the accomplishments of the former Lost Boys of Sudan and who have resettled in the Bluegrass State.
		They were among nearly 4,000 African teenagers whom the United States granted asylum from the world’s longest-running civil war, which has claimed 2 million lives and displaced 5 million others.
		Known as the Lost Boys because they mostly raised themselves after religious, ethnic, and regional strife forced them to flee their Dinka and Nuer homelands, these young men have endeared themselves to many Americans because of their positive attitudes, strong work ethic, and insatiable desire to learn.
	www.sudaneseinkentucky.org (496 words)

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