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Topic: Sudbury Basin

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	Sudbury Soils Study :: overview :: background
		History of the Sudbury community began in 1883 during development of the trans-national railway, and was planned as a temporary work camp and station on the CPR line.
		Today, Sudbury's mineral wealth is shared by Inco Limited (founded 1902), and Falconbridge Limited (begun in 1928), and some of the original mines, such as Creighton Mine, are still producing to this day.
		Sudbury's nickel and copper are found in a sulphide ore, and the companies have to remove the sulphur with heat as part of the smelting process.
	www.sudburysoilsstudy.com /EN/overview/background.asp (890 words)

	Sudbury Basin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sudbury Basin, also known as Sudbury Structure, is the second largest known impact crater or astrobleme on Earth, and a major geologic structure in Ontario, Canada.
		The urban core of the former city of Sudbury lies on the southern outskirts of the Basin.
		Throughout the 20th century the origin of the Sudbury Basin was widely disputed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sudbury_Basin (436 words)

	SUDBURY BASIN
		Sudbury sits in a huge oval-shaped depression in the rocky Canadian Shield.
		The Sudbury Basin is 100km wide and 15 km deep.
		Sudbury started out as a camp for the workers who were building the Canadian Pacific Railway.
	www.cyberbeach.net /~seajay/sudbasin.html (158 words)

	The Creighton Pluton: Introduction
		The Creighton pluton lies along the southern edge of the Sudbury Basin, and, together with the rocks of the Huronian Supergroup, was brecciated during the formation of the Sudbury Basin, possibly as a result of a meteor impact.
		The mafic intrusive ring which surrounds the Sudbury Basin, commonly called the "nickel irruptive", intrudes the Creighton pluton, and the intrusive contact of the irruptive is approximately parallel to the foliation within the pluton.
		The oldest rocks in the Sudbury region are Archean rocks of the Superior Province north and west of the Sudbury Basin (Fig.
	www.uwsp.edu /geo/projects/geoweb/participants/Dutch/Sudbury/ThesisIntro.htm (5118 words)

	Sudbury Mining Solutions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Sudbury is the centre of the world's foremost mining cluster, encompassing the rich ore bodies of the Canadian Shield, the Northern Ontario cities of North Bay and Timmins.
		Sudbury and Northern Ontario are home to an astonishing number of international mining supply and service companies.
		As a colleague of mine said while we were discussing the launch of this magazine, “Sudbury is as close as you can get to mining heaven.” He is right.
	www.sudburyminingsolutions.com /aboutUs.asp (329 words)

	Sudbury, Ontario - Accommodations, Real Estate, Web Development - Sudbury.biz
		When Sudbury Ontario was incorporated as a town in 1893, it had a population of about 1,000.
		The Sudbury Basin, formed by a fallen meteor, provides about 16 per cent of the world's nickel, as well as significant amounts of copper and platinum metals.
		Sudbury is the commercial centre of Northeastern Ontario.
	www.sudbury.biz (215 words)

	Sudbury, Canada
		Sudbury, often referred to as the mining capital of the world, is situated beside Ramsey Lake in northern Ontario, about five hours' drive north of Toronto.
		As for the surrounding landscape, it is reminiscent of the surface of the moon.
		Up-to-date research into the geology of the region suggests that the depression or "basin" in which Sudbury lies is a massive crater formed by a meteorite striking this south-western part of the Canadian Shield with enormous velocity many millions of years ago.
	www.planetware.com /canada/sudbury-cdn-on-ons.htm (542 words)

	Ottawa Centre - R.A.S.C. : Terrestrial Meteorite Craters
		The Sudbury Structure is interpreted to represent the tectonized and deeply eroded remnant of a multi-ring or peak-ring impact basin (Stoffler et al).
		In this aerial radar image of the Sudbury Structure, the Lake Wanapitei Meteorite Crater is visible adjacent to the distorted east edge of the SIC oval.
		Under the Sudbury Basin are thousands of kilometres of drifts (lateral tunnels) and shafts (vertical to inclined tunnels) cut into the SIC to extract nickel.
	www.ottawa.rasc.ca /articles/odale_chuck/earth_craters/sudbury/index.html (4041 words)

	Sudbury
		Fairbanks, E.E. 1980 Sudbury Basin, a geological enigma.
		McHone, J.F. Dietz, R.S. and Peredery, W.V. 1992 Sudbury breccia and suevite as glacial indicators transported 800 km to Kentland astrobleme, Indiana (abstract).
		Naldrett, A.J. 1984 Mineralogy and composition of the Sudbury ores.
	www.unb.ca /passc/ImpactDatabase/images/sudbury.htm (10002 words)

	Mineral Deposits of Canada - Regional Metallogeny Ni-Cu-PGE: Metallogeny of the Sudbury Mining Camp, Ontario
		The Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC) is a Paleoproterozoic (1850 ± 1 Ma) hypabyssal intrusion consisting of a lower, ore-bearing sublayer, noritic to gabbro cumulates overlain by granophyre produced during impact by melting of the lower crust and carbonaceous sediments (Krogh et al., 1984; Grieve,1994; Mungall et al., 2004).
		Sudbury ore deposits are divided into 3 main types (Coats and Snyder, 1984; Morrison et al., 1994) based on their interrelated environments: Contact deposits, Offset and Footwall deposits all containing Ni-Cu-PGE however, the latter have elevated and locally very high PGE contents (Fig.
		Totten) and/or Sudbury breccia in the vicinity of the dyke (ie.
	gsc.nrcan.gc.ca /mindep/metallogeny/ni_cu_pge/sudbury/index_e.php (8726 words)

	Rainbow Country - Greater Sudbury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Geologists believe the basin was formed some two billion years ago by a massive meteorite impact that thrust the planet's richest know deposits of nickel and copper to the earth's surface.
		Today, Sudbury is one of the largest and most important mining centres in Canada and a world centre for smelting, refining and geological science.
		Sudbury is a major centre in Northern Ontario for health care, communications and education.
	www.rainbowcountry.com /regions/sudbury/greater_sudbury.html (485 words)

	TransCanadaHighway.com Sudbury, Ontario
		Sudbury is the largest centre in northeastern Ontario, with 93,000 in the city itself, and 162,000 in the Regional Municipality.
		Sudbury is known as the Nickel City because of its nickel and copper mines.
		Sudbury is one of the sunniest areas in Ontario.
	www.transcanadahighway.com /ontario/Sudbury.htm (295 words)

	Sudbury Basin Virtual Tour
		was emplaced 1850 Ma ago and consists of three major components: the Sudbury Basin (yellow), the Sudbury Igneous Complex (purple) which surrounds the Basin and an outer zone of shatter-coned and intensely brecciated footwall rocks.
		Deducing the original three dimensional shape of the Sudbury Structure is one of the many aims of the Canadian LITHOPROBE Project.
		An important component of the project is the application of high-resolution seismic studies to the understanding of deep crustal structure in mining camps.
	www.laurentian.ca /geology/virtual/index.htm (153 words)

	The Road to Sudbury-Meteor Capital
		Sudbury blueberries is strong especially in southern Ontario.
		of Sudbury on Hwy 69 to the junction of Hwy 637.
		The Sudbury Basin is the remains of the oldest and largest
	www.outdoorwebsite.com /sudburymeteorhomepage.htm (1824 words)

	SPACE.com -- Many Pennies From Heaven: Asteroid Impacts Render Riches
		The kidney-shaped basin where the asteroid hit is one of the worlds largest deposits of nickel, measuring about 40 miles long by 16 miles (65 kilometers long by 25 kilometers) wide.
		Some was used to build a roof for the National Cathedral in Washington, D.C. Although most scientists today agree that an asteroid is responsible for the Sudbury basin, it was a hot issue in the scientific community up until 37 years ago.
		Though the fruits of the asteroid have been beneficial to Sudbury, pollution from the mining industry over the past century ate away the areas vegetation, killing off wildlife and making the denuded landscape look like the lunar surface.
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/business/asteroid_impact_000216.html (839 words)

	SUDBURY, Ontario, Canada
		Sudbury is officially a bilingual (English and French) city with a multicultural population.
		Sudbury is known as the Nickel City because of its nickel and copper mines, scattered throughout the area known as the Sudbury Basin.
		Sudbury is home to a vibrant arts and cultural community too.
	www.cyberbeach.net /~seajay/sudbury.html (2809 words)

	Pele: Sudbury Overview
		The Sudbury project consists of approximately 350 mining claim units covering 14,000 acres in the prolific Sudbury Mining Camp of northern Ontario.
		The Sudbury Mining Camp is the most productive nickel mining district in the world, continuing to deliver world-class base and precious metal output after more than a century of operation.
		The camp’s dominant feature is the Sudbury Basin, a 60-kilometre long elliptical structure that features Ni-Cu-PGE deposits along the contact and footwall of the Sudbury Igneous Complex, which forms the outer rim of the Sudbury Basin, as well as within offset dikes that emanate radially outward from it.
	www.pelemountain.com /projects/sudbury_overview.shtml (398 words)

	Sudbury travel guide - Wikitravel
		Sudbury is one of the coldest urban cities in Canada and in the World.
		Sudbury is served by Greyhound connections to Ottawa, Sault Ste.
		Sudbury is a ruggedly beautiful city, with many forests, lakes and rocky hills throughout the area.
	wikitravel.org /en/Sudbury_(Ontario) (2229 words)

	Sudbury Basics
		Sudbury's modern history was set in the hard rock of the Canadian Shield when Prime Minister John A. MacDonald's vision of a transcontinental railroad carved its way westward and established the small settlement of Sudbury Junction in 1883.
		While the area's dense forests of towering pine, birch and maple attracted thousands of loggers, in the long run, Sudbury would owe its prosperity and rapid growth to the rich minerals embedded in the Sudbury Basin.
		The Sudbury Regional Hospital is one of the largest in the province.
	www.mysudbury.ca /Tourism/SudburyBasics (290 words)

	Backgrounder: Sudbury Soils Study
		The soil metal and arsenic levels currently known to exist in Sudbury are generally comparable or lower than those found in other Ontario mining communities where elevated soil concentrations are found as a result of historical mining activity.
		Based on the current understanding of soil levels in Sudbury, and similar studies for other Ontario communities, both the Ministry of the Environment and the Medical Officer of Health believe there are no expected immediate health concerns due to the levels of metals and arsenic in Sudbury soils.
		As you may be aware the Sudbury and District Health Unit has issued a letter to Falconbridge residents advising them on how to reduce exposure to arsenic in their soils.
	www.ene.gov.on.ca /envision/sudbury/soilsstudybg.htm (836 words)

	Back-To-Back Facing Directions - Sudbury, Ontario
		Scott and Benn (2001) interpreted some of the Sudbury breccias and intrusions of impact melt as the result of the collapse of the inner margin of a peak ring.
		This study, in contrast, interprets structure along the southern margin of the igneous complex as the result of the collapse, overturn and overthrusting of the outer margin of the peak ring.
		In older models of the Sudbury Igneous Complex, the complex was interpreted as a funnel-shaped intrusion, either endogenic or emplaced along an impact-induced fracture.
	www.uwsp.edu /geo/projects/geoweb/participants/dutch/Sudbury/GSA2001.htm (1902 words)

	Sudbury - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Greater Sudbury, Ontario (official name; the city continues to be known simply as Sudbury for most purposes)
		Sudbury District, Ontario, a census division in Ontario which surrounds but does not include the city of Greater Sudbury
		Sudbury Basin (also known as Sudbury Structure), a meteorite impact crater and nickel mining district in Sudbury, Ontario
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sudbury (135 words)

	[No title]
		The Sudbury Basin possesses untapped deposits of nickel and copper that help ensure mining will continue to play an important role in the life of the community.
		As an active participant in Earthcare, Inco partners with the City of Greater Sudbury and other community members to improve the environment, ensure economic viability and reduce greenhouse gas emissions to improve the quality of life in the Greater Sudbury area.
		We are participating in the Sudbury Soils Study, one of the most comprehensive studies of its kind in North America.
	www.inco.com /development/community/profiles/sudbury/default.aspx (652 words)

	U.S. Geological Survey Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center - Major Drainage Basins
		The basin is heavily forested (about 71 percent of the land area), and contains many wetlands, lakes, and ponds.
		The Sudbury River also begins in wetlands in Westborough before flowing eastward to Ashland, then northward and northeastward to its confluence with the Assabet River.
		This part of the basin is also used to convey water from the Wachusett Reservoir in the adjacent Nashua River basin through aqueducts for use in the Concord River basin or in Greater Boston.
	ma.water.usgs.gov /basins/concordsfw.htm (415 words)

	Falconbridge : Our Business : Nickel : Operations : Sudbury
		The nickel-copper ore deposits in Sudbury are associated with a large body of igneous rock known as the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC).
		The Strathcona mill receives ore from the three mines and produces two concentrate streams – a nickel-copper concentrate that goes to the Sudbury smelter for smelting, and a copper concentrate that goes to the Kidd Metallurgical Division for toll smelting and refining.
		The Sudbury smelter smelts nickel-copper concentrate from the Sudbury and Raglan mines and processes custom-feed materials.
	www.falconbridge.com /our_business/nickel/operations/sudbury.htm (387 words)

	Ontario - Sudbury Rocks!
		Sudbury's landscape is dominated by a huge smoke stack, known locally as "The Big Smoke".
		In 1992, the Region of Sudbury was recognized by the United Nations for its land reclamation efforts.
		With amalgamation in Y2000, the City of Greater Sudbury was born and includes the towns of Capreol, Nichol Centre, Onaping Falls, Rayside-Belfour and Walden plus the Cities of Sudbury and Valley East.
	www.mestern.net /canada/ontario/sudbury (1421 words)

	Photos of the Sudbury field trip
		Sudbury is unique in its geological history, owing to the formation of the Sudbury Basin by a huge meteorite, 1.85 billion years ago.
		The magma ocean that was formed produced some of the largest nickel deposits on Earth, and these have been the basis of the local mining industry for the past century.
		Here is the view from the Big Nickel, of the big smoke stack that dominates the Sudbury skyline, and the corner of the spoil heaps that result from more than 100 years of mining, and seem to cover many square miles.
	earth.leeds.ac.uk /~eargah/Sudbury/GP.htm (1109 words)

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