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	Sudra
		They are not permitted to perform the upanayana initiatory rite, which introduces members of the three upper classes to the study of the Vedas and gives them their status as dvija ("twice-born").
		The sudra varna includes a wide spectrum of groups with dominant, landowning groups at one end of the scale and near-untouchable washers, tanners, shoemakers, sweepers, and scavengers at the other.
		"Farming, cow protection and business are the natural work for the vaisyas, and for the sudras there is labor and service to others."
	www.veda.harekrsna.cz /encyclopedia/sudra.htm (159 words)

	Brahma Sutras by Swami Sivananda
		Hence the Sudras are not entitled to the study of the Vedas.
		Gautama, having ascertained Jabala not to be a Sudra from his speaking the truth proceeded to initiate and instruct him.
		It is possible for the Sudras to attain that knowledge through the Puranas, Gita and the epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata which contain the quintessence of the Vedas.
	www.swami-krishnananda.org /bs_1/1-3-09.html (990 words)

	Caste in Tamil Culture: The Religious Foundations of Sudra Domination in Tamil Sri Lanka - Bryan Pfaffenberger
		The duty of Sudras, according to the Dharmasastras, is to serve the higher caste-categories (varnas) with humility.
		The Sudra, as we have depicted him, has seized for himself and his caste fellows a privileged rank in village social life; his aim, we assume, is mastery and domination over those his endeavors expose to be weak.
		Sudra domination has persisted, it would appear, because the power of the dominant caste in its village has been so pervasive and so adept that the dominated have been forced to accept it, even though it cannot be justified by reference to the religious notions of rightful domination that can be found in the Dharmasastras.
	www.tamilnation.org /books/Caste/bryan.htm (6656 words)

	Sudra and Hinduism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A Sudra is debarred from marrying a woman of the higher castes; if he does, their offspring will sink into a class even lower than his own.
		The murder of a Sudra by a Brahman is equal only to killing a cat or a frog or a cow [ 3 ].
		As Wilkins suggests, "the Sudras were not originally part of the Hindu system, but were engrafted into it..."[ 4 ] Still worse than the Sudras are the Dalits (also called Untouchables) who fall outside the caste system and are therefore the worst in the social hierarchy.
	muslimsonline.com /babri/sudra.htm (416 words)

	Raceandhistory.com - Apartheid Varna System
		The Sudra Black is also not allowed to participate in any rites of the Aryan Vaishnavite religion : " A Brahman should never be the guru of a Sudra.
		To eonforce their domination over the subjugated races, all these and especially the negroid Sudras, were forcibly kept in illiteracy.
		Sudra Blacks are not allowed to even read the Vedas, and are punished by having their tongue cut out if they do so.
	www.raceandhistory.com /historicalviews/varna.htm (4017 words)

	The Jakarta Post - The Journal of Indonesia Today
		Sudra keeps rubbing and touching the man's shoulder, attempting to set his broken bone by massage.
		Sudra, popularly known as Pak Sirkus, is one of many traditional masseurs in Bali.
		Sudra helped women deliver their babies with his traditional medical knowledge inherited from his parents and grandparents.
	www.thejakartapost.com /yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20040212.Q01 (1075 words)

	Caste System
		They that are righteous among the Sudras never betake themselves to such hypocrisy under the plea that persons of the Sudra order are not permitted to live according to any of the four prescribed modes.
		Because purificatory ceremonies are mentioned (in the case of the twice born) and their absence are declared (in the case of the Sudras).
		When the Sudra is unable to obtain his living by service of the three other orders, then trade, rearing of cattle, and the practice of the mechanical arts are lawful for him to follow.
	www.hinduism.co.za /newpage8.htm (6559 words)

	Indologica
		Sudra is the lowest in the fourfold hierarchy of caste, articulated through early Sanskrit texts in South Asia.
		Shivaji came from a background that might be construed as lowly - indeed, Sudra - and yet became king (Chatrapati) and founder of the Maratha dynasties.
		There is no analogous protagonist from late medieval South Asia, who continues to exercise such a profound influence on the possibilities of self-fashioning and self-transcendence within the limits of caste society.
	indologica.blogg.de /index.php?tag=02&monat=10&jahr=2005 (432 words)

	The Laws of Manu X
		From a Sudra are born an Ayogava, a Kshattri, and a Kandala, the lowest of men, by Vaisya, Kshatriya, and Brahmana) females, (sons who owe their origin to) a confusion of the castes.
		The son of a Nishada by a Sudra female becomes a Pukkasa by caste (gati), but the son of a Sudra by a Nishada female is declared to be a Kukkutaka.
		A Sudra cannot commit an offence, causing loss of caste (pataka), and he is not worthy to receive the sacraments; he has no right to (fulfil) the sacred law (of the Aryans, yet) there is no prohibition against (his fulfilling certain portions of) the law.
	www.sacred-texts.com /hin/manu/manu10.htm (4023 words)

	Sudan Vision Daily News Paper Official Website - ECS/SUDRA in operation theatre in comma
		SUDRA was founded in 1982 by the Resolution of the ECS House of Bishops.
		SUDRA values are committed to an integrated approach to development, encourages inclusiveness and gender sensitivity, intends to have transparency and integrity, team work, unity, believing in sharing and good stewardship of resources and it is accountable to a Board of Governors and donors.
		During the four-day workshop to diagnose why SUDRA has collapsed suddenly in operation to assist the poor and the disadvantaged, many papers were presented; whether SUDRA could be brought to the critical list instead of being in comma to be able to recover its humanitarian activities.
	www.sudanvisiondaily.com /modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1525 (829 words)

	The Mahabharata, Book 13: Anusasana Parva: Section CXLIII
		If, indeed, the Sudra desires to be a Vaisya (in his next life), he should also abstain from meat of animals not slain in sacrifices.
		Even a Sudra, O goddess, that has purified his soul by pure deeds and that has subjugated all his senses, deserves to be waited upon and served with reverence as a Brahmana.
		Sudra, if he is established on good conduct, is regarded as possessed of the status of a Brahmana.
	www.sacred-texts.com /hin/m13/m13b108.htm (2335 words)

	Re: Issues in mImAmSA, advaita, dvaita. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		On the other hand, it is possible that one is born a SUdra, not study the Veda at all, and still be a mumukshu.
		Quite possibly, the actual event of a SUdra performing a sacrifice would be achieved by means of a compromise, such as the purohita reciting the mantras, with the yajamAna being a silent spectator for the most part.
		Thus, even if the SUdra is entitled to the sacrifice in his eyes, quite possibly, he still hesitates to admit the SUdra to BrahmavidyA.
	www.hindunet.org /alt_hindu/1995_Jun_2/msg00062.html (1152 words)

	Untitled Document
		Prabhupada: Not that a Sudra man is by force become a brahmana.
		Let him remain a sudra, and if he follows strictly the rules and regulation of sudra, he'll also be as good as a brahmana.
		But because he's a sudra, it is not possible to bring him immediately to the platform of brahmana, or Vaisnava.
	www.chakra.org /discussions/VarnApr30_04.html (1681 words)

	Klaxon City (part nine) (weirdmonger.blog-city.com) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sudra was too old to simper, but simper she did, nervously penetrating her ringlets with fingers.
		Unlike Sudra, Nanny was scared of the dark and she sat bolt upright in the truckle bed looking back and forth from the faintly glowing curtains of her top storey room to the dark mouth of the empty fireplace.
		A grown-up Sudra, had, last night, been one mere veneer away from her father Greg: she being, coincidentally, the next door neighbour of Greg's latest mistress: this the Sudra who feared strangers as much as thin partitions.
	weirdmonger.blog-city.com /klaxon_city_part_nine.htm (3821 words)

	Srimad Bhagavatam Canto 7 Chapter 11 Verse 35 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Herein it is clearly stated by Narada Muni that one should not be accepted as a brahmana, kshatriya, vaisya or sudra according to birth, for although this is going on now, it is not accepted by the sastras.
		Similarly, if a sudra acquires the qualities of a brahmana, although he was born in a sudra family, he is not a sudra; because he has developed the qualities of a brahmana, he should be accepted as a brahmana.
		Similarly, if one has developed the qualities of a sudra or a candala, regardless of where he was born, he should be accepted in terms of those symptoms.
	www.srimadbhagavatam.com /7/11/35/en1 (385 words)

	An Accidental Abduction (2 of 3)
		Stephanie blushed and admitted she was a virgin with either sex,her dedication to swimming hadnt permitted her time to have a boyfriend,or indeed a girlfriend,though she admitted that idea had intrigued her.
		Sudra smiled tenderly at her,she had planned this really,she just didnt realise how arousing Stephanie would be,and had got something ready 'just in case'.
		Sudra grinned contentedly,this was the answer she had been hoping for.
	www.mcstories.com /AccidentalAbduction/AccidentalAbduction2.html (1006 words)

	The Legacy of Rishis / Munis
		The excessive contempt, humiliation and degradation of the Sudra reached its climax in the permanent institutions of untouchability and unapproachableness.
		Sudra was also barred from the realm of religion and prohibited from making religious sacrifices open to other castes.
		And it is a good thing for him (Sudra) not to arrogate a Varna (caste) to which he is not born.
	www.dalitindia.org /guest/LegacyRM.htm (6918 words)

	The Lonely Canadian: The Caste System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It may be concluded that the Sudras might have belonged to either of the two mentioned castes and thus there existed no need to mention them separately.
		This leads us to conclude that the Sudras were either a part of Kshatriyas or had their share among the Brahmins.
		As a conclusion, the serpent god says that the man in which the marks of a Sudra are not found is no Sudra, whereas while a Brahmin who acts so is not a Brahmin and may be called a Sudra.
	www.lonelycanuck.com /2005/11/caste-system.html (4297 words)

	Heller Ehrman - Dipa N. Sudra Bio
		Dipa N. Sudra joined the firm in 2004 and has a corporate practice, emphasizing mergers and acquisitions and emerging companies.
		Sudra served as a corporate tax associate in prominent international London-based law firms.
		Her UK tax experience involved advising on international corporate and commercial tax matters, including mergers and acquisitions, group reorganizations, structured finance, real estate transactions and taxation of employees.
	www.hewm.com /en/attorneys/bios/Sudra_Dipa.html (146 words)

	India - Caste
		Thus a son begotten by a Brahman upon a Kshatriya wife is a Murdhavasikta, upon a Vaishya wife is an Ambashta, and upon a Sudra wife is Nishada or Parasara.
		A son begotten by a Kshatriya on a Vaishya wife is a Mahishya and upon a Sudra wife an Ugra.
		A son born of a Vaishya by a Sudra wife is a Karana.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/india/caste.htm (955 words)

	An Accidental Abduction (3 of 3)
		Sudra grinned at the memory,"Well using this not only links our bodies sexually,but our minds as well,for whatever period of time its set for the only thing the 2 people connected up are concerned with is bringing each other sexual pleasure,culminating in the most massive orgasm for both partners."
		Araya cast a glance at Sudra and grinned,"In the meantime Stephanie, how about one last time as a human,Sudra told me you enjoyed that modified probe,and that you were a very good lover and I wouldnt mind finding out if she was right!"
		Sudra smiled back at her,"I'm sure she will be.",and Markam nodded in agreement.
	www.mcstories.com /AccidentalAbduction/AccidentalAbduction3.html (1699 words)

	The Fourth Varna has its own Advantages from the Chapter "Varna Dharma For Universal Well-Being", in Hindu ...
		This is the reason why the Sudra, being humble, resides by the side of the lord.
		The labour put in by the Sudra will cleanse him inwardly: it is his Vedic observance; it is his God; and through it he easily achieves perfection.
		If a Sudra does not have enough food to fill his belly, if he does not have enough clothing, and if he does no roof over his head to shelter him from rain and sun, the whole community and the government must be held responsible- and both must be held guilty.
	www.kamakoti.org /hindudharma/part20/chap12.htm (560 words)

	The Legacy of Rishis and Munis
		Sudra was also barred from the realm of religion and prohibited from making religious sacrifices open to other castes.8 The exploitation of the masses reduced them to the level of dumb driven cattle.
		After the Sudra follow the people called Antyaja (untouchable), who render various kinds of services, who are not reckoned amongst any caste, but only members of certain craft or profession.
		The Sudra is like a servant to the Brahmin, taking care of his affairs and serving him, If, though being poor in the extreme, he still desires not to be without a yajnopavita (sacred thread), he girds himself only with the linen one.
	www.sikhspectrum.com /022006/rishis.htm (8443 words)

	Kshatriya - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Those who studied the Vedas became known as Brahmins, those who practiced trade became Vaishya, those who labored became Sudra and those who took up martial arts became Kshatriyas.
		Patanjali in his Mahabhasya regards the Sakas and Yavanas as pure Sudras (II.4.10).
		The Vartika of the Katyayana informs us that the kings of the Sakas and the Yavanas, like those of the Kambojas, may also be addressed by their respective tribal names.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kshatriya (1896 words)

	SB-text-533
		So even sudra's marriage there is. For the sudra there is one asrama -- that is grhastha asrama.
		So now to live as friend, a sudra, that is now current all over the world.
		Not by birth one becomes brahmana, and working less than a sudra, and he is still brahmana.
	www.prabhupadavani.org /Bhagavatam/text/533.html (1678 words)

	<< CounterCurrents.org >>
		During that period the Congress expanded its social base into agrarian Sudra social forces and for a long time it came to be identified as a "kulak" party.
		There is a close nexus between the emergence of Sudra landlordism and the kulak class in rural India.
		Its strategy was two-fold: to mobilise the Sudra castes without invoking the caste discourse and to handle the Dalit question quite carefully because a lot of people within its fold still believed in untouchability and casteism.
	www.countercurrents.org /hindutwaandcaste-ilaiah.htm (1207 words)

	Duties
		A Sudra should never amass wealth, lest, by his wealth, he makes the members of the three superior classes obedient to him.
		That Brahmana who, having married a Sudra girl, resides for twelve continuous years in a village that has only a well for its water supply, becomes a Sudra in act.
		Having slain a Sudra, one should perform such a sacrifice for one year and make a present of a hundred kine with one bull.
	www.hinduism.co.za /duties.htm (4989 words)

	The Mahabharata, Book 12: Santi Parva: Rajadharmanusasana Parva: Section LX
		The Sudra should never abandon his master, whatever the nature or degree of the distress into which the latter may fall.
		In the case of this particular Sudra, that ordinance (without its mantras) was followed, and a hundred thousand Purnapatras were substituted for kine or horses of that number.
		132:2 Hence the Sudra, by devotion to the members of the three other classes, may earn the merit of sacrifices though he is not competent to utter mantras.
	www.ibiblio.org /sripedia/ebooks/mb/m12/m12a059.htm (2260 words)

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