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Topic: Sufficient condition

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	Necessary and Sufficient Conditions (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		The standard theory thus claims that when the conditional "p ⊃ q" is true the truth of the consequent, "q", is necessary for the truth of the antecedent, "p", and the truth of the antecedent is in turn sufficient for the truth of the consequent.
		Being an elephant is a sufficient condition of her having a trunk; having a trunk in turn is a necessary condition of Nellie's being an elephant.
		To specify the necessary conditions for the truth of the sentence "that figure is a square" is to specify a number of conditions including "that figure has four sides", "that figure is on a plane", and "that figure is closed".
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/necessary-sufficient (5421 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Condition
		Thus the notion of a condition is not that of a real principle such as actually gives existence to the effect produced (which is the case in the notion of cause); but rather of a circumstance, or set of circumstances, in which the cause readily acts, or in which alone it can act.
		A condition may further be considered in one of two different forms, either as preparing, disposing, or applying the causality of a cause towards its exercise in the production of an effect, or as removing some obstacle that hinders the action of the cause.
		A sufficient condition is one in which, when the antecedent is present, it is always followed by the consequent.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04211a.htm (1329 words)

	template.1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Necessary condition: where p and q are statements, p is a necessary condition for q if q cannot be true unless p is true; it is impossible for q to be true and p to be false; if p is a necessary condition for q, then the conditional “if q, then p” is true.
		Sufficient condition: where p and q are statements, p is a sufficient condition for q if p’s truth guarantees the truth of q; it is impossible for p to be true and q to be false; if p is a sufficient condition for q, then the conditional “if p, then q” is true.
		From the definition of a necessary condition, we find that q is necessary for p (that is, it is impossible for p to be true and q to be false), making p sufficient for q (that is, p’s truth guarantees the truth of q).
	www.stanford.edu /~bobonich/terms.concepts/conditions.html (196 words)

	THE NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITIONS FOR A
		One should think of the necessary condition as asking the question “Within the candidate forecasting model, are all parameter estimates required?” This question is implicitly answered by determining whether parameter estimates are statistically significantly different from zero.
		This condition states that the residuals are not a function of lagged values of X. If the residuals are a function of lagged values X, then the analyst has omitted a statistically significant lag structure on X. This deficiency may be remedied by a type 2 sufficient variable.
		This condition states that the X values in a series are not a function of the lagged residuals.
	www.autobox.com /conditions2.html (2993 words)

	Other Canine Behavioral Problems - The Merck Veterinary Manual
		The sufficient condition describes the characteristic manifestations of all obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD): repetitive, out-of-context behaviors that are not interrupted by conventional stimuli (social or gustatory) for more than a short period, and that consistently interfere with the animal’s ability to engage in what were formerly normal behaviors for that age and species.
		The following condition is sufficient: as above along with sympathetic signs (eg, increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate, vasodilation), even when at rest, in the absence of other signs or significant laboratory data associated with thyroid disease; these dogs respond to treatment with amphetamine or methylphenidate with a paradoxical decrease in motor activity.
		Such conditions include circumstances in which the behaviors are directed toward inanimate objects, social circumstances in which play is not relevant (challenge), or behaviors that occur in contexts consistent with the solicitation of play but that involve actions that would discourage play (eg, biting, pain).
	www.merckvetmanual.com /mvm/htm/bc/140217.htm (2977 words)

	The Concept of Necessary Conditions and Sufficient Conditions
		Definition: A condition A is said to be sufficient for a condition B, if (and only if) the truth (/existence /occurrence) [as the case may be] of A guarantees (or brings about) the truth (/existence /occurrence) of B.
		The `trouble' with this case is that although "x is a daughter of y" does indeed guarantee "y is a parent of x", the second condition stipulated in the definition for "converse relation" does not hold.
		"Being a father is a sufficient condition for being male, and being male is a necessary condition for being a father." (But being a father is not a necessary condition for being a male [e.g.
	www.sfu.ca /philosophy/swartz/conditions1.htm (2120 words)

	The Central Questions of Ethics
		An outline of the contributing, necessary, and sufficient conditions of a good life are outlined.
		Contributing condition: a factor that is usually present but is neither necessary nor sufficient for the occurrence of a state of affairs.
		Sufficient condition: a factor which, if present, is always followed by a specifiable state of affairs.
	philosophy.lander.edu /ethics/central.html (735 words)

	*** SUMMARY (Conclusions reached)
		B.4 Being an organism is not a sufficient condition for having mental states.
		L.7 The capacity for associative learning in an organism is a sufficient condition for its being able to engage in internally generated flexible behaviour.
		R.1 A necessary condition for the ascription of beliefs to an organism is that it be capable of mis-representing events occurring in its surroundings.
	www.angelfire.com /linux/vjtorley/conclusions3.html (2950 words)

	PHIL 57
		Example: rain is a sufficient condition for a wet sidewalk, but not necessary -- sidewalks can be wetted by a sprinkler or even Fido.
		Jim's enchiladas are a necessary condition because it is a shared element in all of the cases of sickness.
		Because a cause which is both a necessary and sufficient condition is arrived at, the conclusion is stronger than either of the previous two.
	home.comcast.net /~eudaimonia/lecture_7.htm (1405 words)

	SUFFICIENT CONDITION
		In a causal relationship a sufficient condition (or variable) is any variable which is sufficient to bring about the effect in question.
		Typically there are many conditions sufficient to cause an increase, or a decrease, in crime.
		While having four sides is a necessary condition for something's being a square, that single condition is not, by itself, sufficient (to guarantee) something's being a square, i.e.
	sociologyindex.com /sufficient_condition.htm (334 words)

	A DEFENSE OF A PRINCIPLE OF SUFFICIENT REASON, by Quentin Smith
		A sufficient reason for the truth of a contingent and positive proposition p is another proposition q that meets two conditions; (i) q explains why p is true, (ii) q entails p, in the sense of relevance logic.
		Condition (i) about explanation is not met by this pair of propositions, since Alice’s attentiveness does not explain why she is awake but is merely the mode in which she is awake.
		There is a sufficient reason for the conjunction of all obtaining positive, contingent states of affairs if and only if each positive, contingent state of affairs that obtains, obtains for a sufficient reason.
	www.qsmithwmu.com /a_defense_of_a_principle_of_sufficient_reason.htm (4013 words)

	Lecture 3: Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
		jointly sufficient for the left-hand side (e.g., being unmarried AND being an adult AND being unmarried are jointly sufficient for being a bachelor).
		Taken one by one, the conditions are not, however, sufficient (e.g., being a male isn’t sufficient for being a bachelor).
		The fallacy of affirming the consequent is exactly what the name says: it is an argument in which one asserts a conditional, asserts the consequent of the conditional, and then concludes that the antecedent of the conditional is true.
	www.uwyo.edu /moffett/courses/phil3000/logic3.html (964 words)

	Show-Me the Argument » Recursive Analyses and the Prima Facie Move
		In the justification case, it specifies a sufficient condition for a belief’s being justified.
		For instance, an act’s harming someone is a defeasible condition for the act being wrong—but that’s not a theory of wrongness.
		Recursive analyses are concerned with logical sufficiency and a defeasible condition is not a logically sufficient.
	www.missouri.edu /~philwww/show-me/?p=162 (2312 words)

	Necessary and sufficient conditions - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Formally, a statement P is a sufficient condition of a statement Q if P implies Q. Jumping is sufficient to leave the ground, since the act of jumping causes one to leave the ground.
		It is a necessary and sufficient condition for a matrix to be invertible that its determinant be non-zero.
		Tautologously, it is necessary and sufficient for a matrix to be an element of the General Linear Group that it be invertible (non-singular).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sufficient_condition (1055 words)

	*** SUMMARY (Conclusions reached)
		Conclusion 0: A necessary but not sufficient condition for behaviour by an organism to qualify as a manifestation of a mental state is that it can be described using the intentional stance.
		Conclusion 10: A necessary condition for the ascription of beliefs to an organism is that it be capable of mis-representing events occurring in its surroundings.
		The capacity for associative learning in an organism is a sufficient condition for its being able to engage in internally generated flexible behaviour.
	www.angelfire.com /linux/vjtorley/conclusions.html (1667 words)

	Springer Online Reference Works
		A sufficient condition for a point to belong to the envelope is that
		Violation of conditions (2) and (4) is most often related to the appearance of cusps on the envelope.
		Violation of the first of the conditions in (6) and (8) is most often related to the appearance of a cuspidal edge on the envelope.
	eom.springer.de /e/e035840.htm (525 words)

	Sophia on the web: Logic Page ~ Necessary and Sufficient Conditions
		A necessary condition for the occurrence of a specified event is a circumstance in whose absence the event cannot occur.
		sufficient condition: this is a sufficient condition for that if and only if this alone guarantees that.
		A sufficient condition for the occurrence of a specified event is a circumstance in whose presence the event will occur.
	members.aol.com /moresophia/topic7.html (114 words)

	[No title]
		Examples of sufficient conditions: (Being a zebra is a sufficient condition for being a mammal.
		Note that none of the examples of sufficient conditions are necessary, and none of the examples of necessary conditions are sufficient.
		In this case, being red and hot is not a sufficient condition.
	www.csus.edu /indiv/g/gaskilld/criticalthinking/definitions.doc (612 words)

	[No title]
		A necessary condition for being eligible to vote in the US is that one be a US citizen, etc. A triangle may also have other properties, like being red, or equilateral or three inches to a side, but none of these is necessary to being a triangle.
		There are plenty of conditions that are neither necessary nor sufficient for having the property of being a triangle: for example, being green, or having one side three feet long.
		Likewise there are conditions that are necessary for being a triangle, like having three sides, yet do not individually suffice to assure that it is a triangle, since other things may have that property as well, yet lack the other properties constitutive of triangles.
	shorst.web.wesleyan.edu /mwn/Nov02/14_ModalBestiary.doc (6347 words)

	Richard Fumerton and Ken Kress, Causation and the Law: Preemption, Lawful Sufficiency, and Causal Sufficiency, 64 Law & ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		One of Wright's primary concerns is to identify a necessary condition for X causing Y that is unproblematically factual and nonnormative.
		Let us say that X is a formally sufficient condition for Y when the conjunction X but not Y is a formal contradiction (or, in other words, when the conditional, if X then Y, is a formal tautology).
		The fall of a barometer in those conditions was neither a causally necessary nor a causally sufficient condition for the ensuing storm.
	www.law.duke.edu /journals/lcp/articles/LCP64DAutumn2001P83.HTM (10401 words)

	CSC 350 --- Midterm Spring 2003, Problem 1 (Solution)
		We say that a condition C is sufficient for a property P to hold if P is true whenever C is verified.
		For example, x= 6 is a sufficient condition for the inequality to be verified, but it is by no means a necessary condition.
		The condition 0 ≤ x ≤ 4.6573 is necessary and sufficient for the inequality to be verified.
	einstein.cs.uri.edu /courses/attic/csc350/Midterm/prob1_sol.html (968 words)

	Necessary vs. Sufficient Conditions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Definition: A necessary condition for some state of affairs S is a condition that must be satisfied in order for S to obtain.
		Definition: A sufficient condition for some state of affairs S is a condition that, if satisfied, guarantees that S obtains.
		Being human is a sufficient condition for being a mammal.
	philosophy.wisc.edu /hausman/104/nec-suf.htm (388 words)

	Mano Singham's Web Journal: Necessary and sufficient conditions
		Ideally what we would need for a good definition is to have both necessary and sufficient conditions, but it is not easy to do so.
		A necessary condition is one that must be met if the object is to be considered even eligible for inclusion in the category.
		We might say that a necessary condition for some object to be considered as a possible dog is that it be a mammal.
	blog.case.edu /mxs24/2005/05/23/necessary_and_sufficient_conditions (1204 words)

	[No title]
		Example: passing the final may be a necessary condition for passing a particular course (if you fail the final, you don’t pass the course) but may not be sufficient, since you may need to complete other assignments as well.
		But suppose that, for some other course, you can pass either by taking a final or by writing a paper: then passing the final is a sufficient condition for passing the course (as is getting a passing grade on the paper).
		So: conditions can be necessary without being sufficient and sufficient without being necessary.
	www.jhu.edu /~phil/HO4.doc (878 words)

	craig-smith7
		The question, first of all, is whether or not the explanation it is [tape unintelligible] a logically sufficient condition [tape unintelligible] over the occurrence of the effect.
		And I would agree with you, of course, that the cause may not be known to be true with certainty, but I didn't think that was your objection to the notion of logically sufficient condition of the cause of the explanation.
		But the question is, do causes in the actual world, are they themselves logically sufficient conditions of their effects, and I think that is a different issue than the actual form of the scientific explanation, even there are [tape unintelligible] causes, which would say, "No, there are interfering factors," and so on.
	www.leaderu.com /offices/billcraig/docs/craig-smith7.html (2701 words)

	Skill Sheet #2
		F is a sufficient condition for G if and only if the fact that something is F
		Take the phrase, “Being human is a necessary condition for being a woman, and being a woman is a sufficient condition for being human.” Put into plainer English, this phrase is saying: To be a woman, one must be human; conversely, if one is a woman, she must be human.
		Is this conjunction a necessary condition for D? Is D a sufficient condition for B? Is D a sufficient condition for the conjunction of C and E?
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /~yount/text/skill2.html (317 words)

	The Fallacy Files Glossary
		The propositional component of a conditional proposition whose truth is the condition for the truth of the consequent.
		A condition which must be true if the proposition that it is a condition for is to be true.
		A condition which if true ensures that the proposition that it is a condition for is true.
	www.fallacyfiles.org /glossary.html (2229 words)

	Brian's Logic Blog
		Step 1: ∀x(S(x)≡(x∈T)) - for all x, x provides a sufficient condition for knowledge if and only if x is an element of the set of worldviews that provide a sufficient condition for knowledge.
		Given by definition of T and S. Step 2: ∀x(S(x)⊃(x∈T)) - for all x, if x provides a sufficient condition for knowledge, then x is an element of the set of worldviews that provide a sufficient condition for knowledge.
		It is not the case that the set of non-Christian worldviews provides the sufficient condition for knowledge.
	www.christianlogic.com /brianbosse (2919 words)

	Minimal Number of Vertices of SDR's
		In this section we will see a condition when the minimal synchronizing deterministic representation of a sofic system is also minimal in terms of the number of states.
		That condition will be given using the concept of right context of a vertex.
		We hope that this condition is both sufficient and necessary.
	www.math.usf.edu /~jonoska/symbolic/node23.html (485 words)

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