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	Sugauli Treaty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sugauli Treaty (also spelled Segowlee) was signed on December 2, 1815 and ratified by March 4, 1816, between the British East India Company and The Kingdom of Nepal, ending the second British invasion of the Himalayan kingdom during the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814-1816).
		The Sugauli Treaty was superseded in December 1923 by a "treaty of perpetual peace and friendship," which upgraded the British resident to an envoy.
		A separate treaty was signed with India (independent by now) in 1950 which restored fresh relations between the two as independent countries.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sugauli_Treaty (276 words)

	Himal South Asian-August-2000
		A ‘forensic’ deconstruction of the Mahakali Treaty of 1996 between Nepal and India reveals the larger neighbour as bulldozer and the smaller one as hapless and internally divided.
		The initialling of the treaty, the circumstances that preceded, attended and followed it, its ratification followed by nearly immediate descent into disgrace and the limbo it has since lapsed into are part of a larger saga that has its roots in history.
		This treaty transferred 4000 acres on the eastern bank of the Mahakali to India to build the Sarada Barrage in exchange for 4000 acres of forested land in areas further to the east as well as Rs.
	www.himalmag.com /apr2001/essay1.html (6850 words)

	Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		RPP (Chand) Amendment to 1950 treaty; abrogation of Mahakali Treaty; liberation of Kalapani from foreign presence; India's involvement in the resolution of Bhutanese refugees.
		Based on the 1950 Treaty and letters of exchange, no country is in a position to unilaterally introduce such travel provision restricting the free movement of their people across he border.
		The 1995 km long Nepal-India border was fixed by the Sugauli Treaty of 1916, return of Naya Muluk to Nepal by British India in 1858 and subsequent surveys and maps developed during the British rule in India.
	www.nepalicongress.org.np /contents/features/nav.php?show=policy (6720 words)

	The Untold Pains of Nepal « L€APn DënùatNgl = Nepal Untangled
		The Sugauli Treaty of the time of the British is the only base for determining border which the 1950 treaties with India and Britain cancels all prior agreements including Sugauly Treaty.
		The objective of the Sugauli Treaty was to discourage Nepalis to make war so that they could not expand their kingdom the east of Tista and the west of Satlaj.
		It is written on the preface that the Kathmandu Treaty of December 21, 1823 is not applicable because of the recent establishment of the two independent states India and Pakistan.
	ohnepal.wordpress.com /2006/06/07/the-untold-pains-of-nepal (6794 words)

	Historical background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Historically, in 1816 British-India forced Sugauli Treaty upon Nepal reducing it into a semi colony, and it is henceforth that Nepal's path of independent and self-reliant development; got blocked and a process of socio-economic retardation and under-development (i.e.
		Thirdly, as the semi-colonial Treaty of 1950 provides "national treatment" to the Indian monopoly capitalists to reside in Nepal and engage in economic activities in equal footing with the Nepalese citizens, they are able to monopolise the economy of Nepal completely.
		The present Mahakali Treaty, however, has adopted a more fatal form of neo-colonial exploitation and oppression by talking equality in theory but in practice ensuring monoply in the use of water and electricity to the Indian expansionists and instead imposing trillions of rupees of foreign debt upon Nepal.
	www.humanrights.de /v1/e/expo-historical_background.htm (5985 words)

	Greater Nepal : Issues on nepal india boundary - unification of nepal, Prithvi Narayan Shah, Gorkha, Bahadur Shah, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		After the treaty, Nepal 's territory was limited to Mechi in the east and Mahakali in the west (i.e.
		Thus, by this provision in the treaty, the treaty of Sugauli has also been annulled.
		Thus, both the treaties have annulled Sugauli Treaty that was signed between the Government of Nepal and the East India Company.
	www.greaternepal.com /issue.htm (446 words)

	HIMAL SOUTHASIAN \| March - April 2006
		This was followed by the expansionary war that subjugated the territory between the Teesta and Sutlej rivers, and the phase of defeat that concluded with the humbling Treaty of Sugauli with the Company Bahadur in 1816.
		The strategy of the conquering chieftain of the principality of Gorkha, Prithvinarayan, was to bring the various principalities of the Himalayan midhills consecutively into his axis, even while seeking to stop the spread of the British Empire.
		The Sugauli Treaty denoted the end of Nepal’s feudo-nationalist interregnum, marking the capitulation of the state and relinquishing of large parts of territory.
	www.himalmag.com /2006/march/cover_story_3.html (1977 words)

	The Treaty of Segowlee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This treaty, consisting of nine Articles, shall be ratified by the Rajah of Nipal within fifteen days from this date, and the ratification shall be delivered to lieut.-Colonel Bradshaw, who engages to obtain and deliver to the Rajah the ratification of the Governor-General within twenty days, or sooner, if practicable.
		All Treaties and Engagements now in force between the British Government and the Maharajah of Nipal, except in so far as they may be altered by this Treaty, are hereby confirmed.
		The boundary line surveyed by the British Commissioners appointed for the purpose extending eastward from the River Kali or Sardah to the foot of the hills north of Bagowra Tal, and marked by pillars, shall henceforth be the boundary between the British Province of Oudh and the Territories of the Maharajah of Nipal.
	www.nepalicongress.org.np /contents/nepal/treaties/2.php (999 words)

	Institute of Foreign Affairs
		Under the Sugauli Treaty, Nepal withdrew from all the territory it had occupied in Sikkim and Nepal had no formal treaty with Sikkim regarding Nepal Sikkim boundary.
		One of the clauses of the treaty states, "The principals and officers of both Governments will cordially consider the friends and enemies of either State to be the friends and enemies of the other; and this consideration must ever remain permanent and in force, from generation to generation".
		Though the treaty was abrogated by the treaty of 1804, most of the Indian leaders and diplomatic personnel as well as news media have not given up this colonial legacy from their mind.
	www.ifa.org.np /talk/trade.php (11245 words)

	Home Page
		A peace treaty with Nepal was signed in 1775, and Gurkhas promised to abstain from further attacks and collaboration with Bhutanese.
		As a direct spin-off, British India signed another treaty with Sikkim in 1817 known as the Treaty of Titalia in which former territories, which the Nepalis captured, were restored to Sikkim.
		The treaty signed between India and Sikkim ratified the status of Sikkim as a protectorate with Chogyal as the Monarch.
	sikkim.freeservers.com (3611 words)

	Online edition of Daily News - World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Maoists' demands include a redraft of the constitution, the removal of Indian troops from the northwestern Kalapani areas and the cancellation of the 1950 Indo-Nepal Peace and Friendship Treaty.
		Nepal lost nearly a third of its territory to the then British government in India when the two sides signed the Sugauli Treaty in 1816.
		The rebels also want the abrogation of the Indo-Nepal Mahakali River Development Project Treaty on the construction of a multi-billion-dollar hydro-power and irrigation facility.
	www.dailynews.lk /2002/04/02/wor04.html (368 words)

	::PeaceJournalism.com - The Peace Media Research Center's e-magazine::
		In the year 1950, Nepal and India signed a controversial treaty in which it has been categorically mentioned that all treaties signed hitherto between the two countries have been annulled by this treaty.
		Thus, by this provision, the Sugauli treaty stands invalid in terms of its legality.
		The setting of the film is the Anglo-Nepal war that occurred in 1814-15 A. that resulted in the humiliating Treaty of Sugauli.
	peacejournalism.com /ReadArticle.asp?ArticleID=10924 (480 words)

	News of Struggle for peopls's democracy in Nepal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Since then, the ruling class has been Brahmin by caste (Brahmins are the top caste in the system of domination that originated in India) and Khash by nationality (the Khash are a people from the Khasan region, in western Nepal).
		When the Shah dynasty signed the Sugauli treaty with British India in 1816, it gave up almost a third of Nepal’s territory, making Nepal a semi-colony of Great Britain.
		The notorious 1950 treaty subordinated Nepal to India but in the guise of instituting equality between the two countries.
	www.pdfnepal.com /DetailNews.asp?ID=34 (872 words)

	EnjoyNepal :: Guide To History
		The power of the Shah dynasty continued to expand until 1792, during the reign of Prithvi Narayan Shah’s son, when the Nepalis were defeated during a clash with the Chinese in Tibet.
		A treaty was signed, whereby the Nepalis had to stop their attacks on Tibet and pay tribute to the Chinese emperor in Beijing.
		Some of the land it had lost during the war was restored to Nepal in 1858, when the country was ruled by the Ranas, as a reward for its support for the British during the Indian War of Independence.
	www.enjoynepal.com /Travel_guide/about_nepal/tg_aboutnepal_history.asp (3498 words)

	History of Nepal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Nepali army evacuated the areas west of the Mahakali river and ultimately the treaty of Sugauli was signed with the British in 1816.
		Among other things, this treaty took away a large chunk of the Terai from Nepal and the rivers Mahakali and Mechi were fixed as the country's western and eastern boundaries.
		At this time, King Girvana Yuddha Biktram Shah was on the throne of Nepal, and the power of state was in the hands of Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa who wielded enormous power during the rule of King Girvana Yuddha Bikram Shah and his son King Rajendra Bikram Shah.
	www.thamel.com /htms/history.htm (1130 words)

	All National Free Students' Union-History :::::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Nepalese students returning from the foreign land completing their studies joined the war of national integration with the people.
		However, Nepal was coerced to accept the unequal Treaty of Sugauli due to the lagging of military might in comparison with the British army and the feeble feudal leadership.
		The Kot Incident of December 15, 1848 as the outcome of the conspiracies of the British colonialists and quarrel inside the palace led the establishment of one hundred and four years long Rana autocratic oligarch cal rule over the country.
	www.annfsu.org.np /his1.htm (486 words)

	Gurkha Army Ex-Servicemen's Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		After the war of 1816, General Ochterlony expressed an opinion confidentially to Lord Hastings that "The Company's soldiers, then Hindustanis, could never be brought to resist the shock of these energetic mountaineers on their own ground." After this, Britain became interested in recruiting Nepali soldiers into the army.
		The Sugauli Treaty was signed after the end of the Anglo-Nepal war.
		Nepal was reduced to the area lying between the river Mechi to the east and the river Kali to the west, and by this treaty they also ceded nearly the whole Terai west of the Gandaki river to the British.
	www.gaeso.org.uk /?id=chronology (4033 words)

	KuraKani.TK = KuraKani.NET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		King Prithvi's vision was carried out after his death in 1774 byt the able military commanders such as Bahadur Shah, Amaar Singh Thapa, Bhakti Thapa and Balbhadra Kunwar.
		Between 1790 to until the Sugauli Treaty in 1815, the Nepalese Army fought several battles like the ones in Kangra, Jaithak and Nalapani (now in India) against the British East India Company troops.
		The gallantry and the infantry skills of Nepalese Army which defended Nepal against the might of the British Raj impressed the British so much that a special unit of Nepalese famously known as the British Gorkhas serve in the British Army till date.
	www.kurakani.tk /PrintArticle15.phtml (736 words)

	Islam Online- News Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Nepal was defeated and forced to sign the Sugauli Treaty in 1815 during which it lost Sikkim [now an Indian state] along with most of the Terai region.
		The British rewarded him by giving back to him a small part of his territory which he had to forgo during the 1815 treaty.
		Renegotiating and updating the existing extradition treaty of 1953 figured prominently in the talks.
	www.islamonline.net /english/News/2003-02/26/article12.shtml (684 words)

	nepal
		boundary during Sugauli Treaty of 1816 : one third of the territory was lost.
		how was the shape of the northern boundary line of Nepal before the treaty of 1961 etc. = some changes in the pastureland, sparse settlement and snowland.
		Nepal-India Peace and Friendship Treaty, including letters to acquire and exchange the land for Sharada (Mahakali) dam construction.
	www.geocities.com /kalapaniborder/nepal.html (1741 words)

	Scoop: Indian Encroachment Threatening Nepali Sovereignty
		The Treaty of Sugauli (1816) has clearly mentioned that the River Mahakali is the borderline of Nepal-India.
		The crux of the issue in dispute is the determination of the origin of the river Mahakali.
		The map published in January 1818, right after the Sugauli Treaty, shows the Junge Pillars as the main boundary pillars.
	www.scoop.co.nz /stories/HL0512/S00135.htm (1784 words)

	Nepal
		Around this time, Nepali expansionism came into conflict with the British who were themselves busy with their own empire-building spree.
		The two forces met in a series of battles that culminated in the Treaty of Sugauli in 1816.
		The Treaty reduced the recently expanded Nepali kingdom by a great deal but after that Nepal was left alone.
	www.serenevalley.org /nepal.htm (1021 words)

	Gurkha Manpower Services \| About Nepal (via CobWeb/3.1 kupl1.ittc.ku.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Further hostilities followed in 1814 with the British over a territorial dispute.
		The Nepalese were eventually put to heel and compelled to sign the 1816 Sugauli Treaty.
		The effect of this was that it surrendered Sikkim and most of Terai (some of the land was eventually restored in return for Nepalese help in quelling the Indian Mutiny of 1857), established Nepal's present eastern and western boundaries and installed a British 'resident' in the country.
	www.gurkhamanpower.com.cob-web.org:8888 /gms_aboutnepal.ikml (834 words)

	Gurkha War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, after Kalanga fell, he insisted "The present.
		After the decisive Battle of Makwanpur on 28 February 1816 and the fall of the neighbouring fort of Hariharpur (after Ranjur Singh ingloriously abandoned his post), the situation became very critical for Nepal.
		The Treaty of Sugauli was ratified on 4 March 1816.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Gurkha_War (2375 words)

	Dookoła Świata - KrisS
		This prompted the British East India Company to attack Nepal, resulting in the Gurkha War of 1814.
		Treaties signed between Sikkim and Nepal-the Sugauli Treaty - and Sikkim and British India - Titalia Treaty - returned the territory annexed by the Nepalese to Sikkim in 1817.
		Ties between Sikkim and the British administrators of India grew sour, however, with the beginning of British taxation of the Morang region.
	www.dookolaswiata.pl /kraje/azja/sikkim/sikkim-ang.htm (603 words)

	city guide, city tour, travel destinations in india - Goamit Holidays
		The Gorkhas of Nepal also ruled here for a long time till the British came into the picture.
		Following a war between the Gorkhas and the British, the Treaty of Sugauli was signed in 1816.
		With this, the British established their hold over the entire Garhwal and Kumaon regions including Dehradun.
	www.goamit.com /cityguide_dehradoon.html (1455 words)

	Nepal Daily News Brief (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		That committee had been directed by the government of the two countries in September last year to complete the remaining mandated tasks by June 2005.
		However, the task was never finalized despite the signing of the Sugauli Treaty between Nepal and the East India Company in 1815 and there exists at least 53 disputed sites along the 1,753-km-long India-Nepal border, which has so far remained open and porous.
		A top body of the Untied Nations (UN) criticized the Nepal government for increasing cases of disappearances in the country.
	www.observerindia.com /cns/from_nepal/nb050830.htm (1412 words)

	History of Nepal, About Nepal, The feature of Nepal
		The expansion process brought Nepal into conflict with the British East India Company, resulting into Ango-Nepalese war from 1814 – 1816.
		The wars lead to the treaty of Sugauli there by bringing Nepal to its present sized and border.
		After Kiratis, the Lichhavis as the second ruler of the country began rule 4th to 7th century.
	www.hikenepal.com /nepal/information_on_nepal/history_of_nepal.html (389 words)

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