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Topic: Suggested Upper Merged Ontology

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	Ontology (computer science) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An ontology is typically a hierarchical data structure containing all the relevant entities and their relationships and rules within that domain (e.g., a domain ontology).
		An ontology which is not tied to a particular problem domain but attempts to describe general entities is known as a foundation ontology or upper ontology.
		The criteria for distinguishing a strong ontology from a weak ontology is based on the ability to infer things from a strong but not a weak one: a weak one requires human judgement to draw inferences, and this can't be done automatically.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ontology_(computer_science) (2749 words)

	Suggested Upper Merged Ontology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Suggested Upper Merged Ontology or SUMO is an upper ontology intended as a foundation ontology for a variety of computer information processing systems.
		It was developed by the Teknowledge Corporation and is one candidate for the "Standard Upper Ontology" that IEEE working group 1600.1 is working on.
		SUMO concerns itself with meta-level concepts (general entities that do not belong to a specific problem domain), and thereby would lead naturally to a categorization scheme for encyclopedias.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Suggested_Upper_Merged_Ontology (245 words)

	SUMO Ontology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		SUMO (Suggested Upper Merged Ontology) was developed within the IEEE Standard Upper Ontology Working Group.
		An ontology is similar to a dictionary or glossary, but with greater detail and structure that enables computers to process its content.
		An upper ontology is limited to concepts that are meta, generic, abstract and philosophical, and therefore are general enough to address (at a high level) a broad range of domain areas.
	protege.stanford.edu /ontologies/sumoOntology/sumo_ontology.html (222 words)

	Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The SUMO has been translated into various representation formats, but the language of development is a variant of KIF (a version of the first-order predicate calculus).
		An upper ontology is limited to concepts that are meta, generic, abstract or philosophical, and hence are general enough to address (at a high level) a broad range of domain areas.
		The MILO ontology (a mid-level ontology that is intended to act as a bridge between the high-level abstractions of the SUMO and the low-level detail of the domain ontologies).
	ontology.teknowledge.com (1350 words)

	Internet Alchemy SUMO
		SUMO, CYC, WordNet and similar efforts are always kind of fun to explore but I'm always left with a feeling of disappointment.
		Using the SUMO browser to explore Artifact a little suggests to me that Artifact is a subclass of IntentionalProcess which is "A Process that has a specific purpose for the CognitiveAgent who performs it.".
		SUMO defines a CognitiveAgent as "A SentientAgent with responsibilities and the ability to reason, deliberate, make plans, etc. This is essentially the legal/ethical notion of a person." There are some examples of creatures that might be CognitiveAgents, but it looks to me as if most nest-building creatures would be excluded.
	internetalchemy.org /2004/12/sumo (1631 words)

	NextPage LivePublish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As mentioned in Section 1.2, one goal of this study was to assess the value of using standard upper ontologies in a U.S. Military domain.
		Although there are several efforts to develop standard upper ontologies to facilitate mutual understanding, there is no consensus on the value of this approach, and in fact some sources doubt the merits of using upper or universal ontologies.
		As described in Section 3.2, upper ontologies are intended to define foundational concepts used in both mid-level and domain ontologies.
	web-services.gov /lpBin22/lpext.dll/Folder17/Infobase1/@J@/f9/@ (600 words)

	ProtegeWiki: Protege Ontology Library
		CEDEX is a base ontology for exchange and distributed use of ecological data.
		Resource-Event-Agent Enterprise (REA): An ontology that is used to model economic aspects of e-business frameworks (e.g.
		Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO): An ontology developed within the IEEE Standard Upper Ontology Working Group with the goal of developing a standard ontology that will promote data interoperability, information search and retrieval, automated inferencing, and natural language processing.
	protege.cim3.net /cgi-bin/wiki.pl?ProtegeOntologyLibrary (378 words)

	Matters
		Although ontologies are a very promising solution to some of the most pressing problems that confront software engineering, they also raise some issues and difficulties of their own.
		SUMO (Suggested Upper Merged Ontology), which has been proposed as the initial version of an eventual Standard Upper Ontology (SUO).
		Towards a Standard Upper Ontology is a paper about SUMO (Standard Upper Merged Ontology).
	kashori.com /weblog/matters/2004_09_12_archive.html (2829 words)

	sumo found by findoz.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sumo is one of the most popular professional sports in Japan and the image of two of these...
		Sumo wrestling is a national obsession in Japan, and is followed by millions of fans on national television...
		Sumo's souvlaki is eaten by a tiger, at school.
	www.findoz.com /australia/s/sumo/readme.htm (1568 words)

	Ontology Portal - The Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO)
		SUMO is the only formal ontology that has been mapped to all of the WordNet lexicon.
		The ontologies that extend SUMO are available under GNU General Public License.
		These consist of SUMO itself (the official latest version on the IEEE web site is here), the MId-Level Ontology (MILO), and ontologies of Communications, Countries and Regions, distributed computing, Economy, Finance, engineering components, Geography, Government, Military, North American Industrial Classification System, People, physical elements, TransnationalIssues, Transportation, Viruses, World Airports A-K, World Airports L-Z.
	www.ontologyportal.org (324 words)

	merged: Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Describes an upper ontology on which specialized ones can be built.
		A single, unified organization comprised of two comprehensive, doctoral-level universities; four administratively merged, four-year institutions; and five merged colleges of technology.
		Yesterday, ABC merged the two soaps, All My Children and One Life to Live and the baby switch storyline began.
	www.newkidhomevideo.com /merged.html (244 words)

	[No title]
		This is the root \ node of the ontology.
		In a 4D ontology, an Object is something whose spatiotemporal \ extent is thought of as dividing into spatial parts roughly parallel to the \ time-axis.
		In a 4D ontology, a Process is something whose \ spatiotemporal extent is thought of as dividing into temporal stages \ roughly perpendicular to the time-axis.
	astma.it.bond.edu.au /examples/sumo.atm (20070 words)

	Sumo - World Games 2005 - Sports
		Sumo is a Japanese kind of wrestling and Japan's national sport.
		Sumo Move in with your sumo wrestler shove the other guy out of the ring.
		Sumo, a wrestling sport, orginated in Japan and enjoyed immense popularity there throughout centuries, only spreading to the rest of the world in recent
	sumo.surferspace.com (165 words)

	Standard Upper Ontology Working Group - Suggested Upper Merged Ontology
		The SUMO starter document was created at Teknowledge by Ian Niles and Adam Pease (the principal investigator), with a contribution by Chris Menzel.
		The SUMO began as a synthesis of a wide range of publicly available formal content (please see a partial history of versions), and this synthesis was guided by feedback from the SUO Working Group.
		The SUMO provides a foundation for middle-level and domain ontologies, and its purpose is to promote data interoperability, information retrieval, automated inference, and natural language processing.
	suo.ieee.org /SUO/SUMO (1133 words)

	Rec Fresh : Article 'SUMO class' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Template:Cleanup The Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO), a product of the IEEE Standard Upper Ontology Working Group, is an upper ontology that defines a hierarchy of a number of general classes, the SUMO classes.
		The sportsmen themselves are renowned for their great girth, as body mass is a factor in sumo.
		The wrestling ring or dohyō Sumo matches take place in a ring called a dohyō.
	www.rec-fresh.net /DisplayArticle183635.html (632 words)

	ProtegeWiki: Protege Ontologies Library
		BioPAX: An OWL ontology for biological pathways, it is primarily used to exchange data between pathway resources.
		Mobile Telecommunication: An Ontology developed for pilot study of TeLQAS project - a question answering system in the domain of mobile telecommunications.
		OntoTool: An ontology that is used to model Task and Tool features for project realization.
	protege.cim3.net /cgi-bin/wiki.pl?ProtegeOntologiesLibrary (558 words)

	SemErgence: Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Suggested Upper Merged Ontology This site contains information about the SUMO (Suggested Upper Merged Ontology).
		This ontology is being created as part of the IEEE Standard Upper Ontology Working Group.
		The goal of this Working Group is to develop a standard upper ontology that will promote data interoperability, information search and retrieval, automated inferencing, and natural language processing....
	www.picklematrix.net /archives/000614.html (133 words)

	Standard Upper Ontology Working Group (SUO WG) - Home Page
		The SUO WG is developing a Standard that will specify an upper ontology to support computer applications such as data interoperability, information search and retrieval, automated inferencing, and natural language processing.
		[69] An ontology is similar to a dictionary or glossary, but with greater detail and structure that enables computers to process its content.
		[76] An upper ontology is limited to concepts that are meta, generic, abstract and philosophical, and therefore are general enough to address (at a high level) a broad range of domain areas.
	purpleslurple.cim3.org /ps.php?theurl=http://suo.ieee.org (307 words)

	KBS/Ontology Projects Worldwide
		Ontologies (Descriptive and Formal Ontologies) - A collection of bibliographies on leading ontologists from Nineteenth Century to our days and a discussion of some philosophical problems related to ontology (by Raul Corazzon).
		Loom 4.0 translation of a subset of the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology.
		the Wilkins' ontology (for historical interest): A 17th century literary work by Bishop John Wilkins, presenting a large ontology, a written and spoken language derived from the ontology, and a dictionary that maps terms in the ontology to English.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /users/mfkb/related.html (4792 words)

	OntologWiki: Adam Pease
		My focus currently is on the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology : a free, formal upper ontology, expressed in first order logic, and in OWL.
		It has been mapped to all the WordNet nouns and verbs, several free domain-specific ontologies have been created from it, an open-source browser is available and format files supplied with the browser allow logic statements to be presented in English, Hindi, Chinese, Italian, German and Czech as well as logic.
		SUMO has also been subjected to formal consistency checking with first order logic theorem provers.
	ontolog.cim3.net /cgi-bin/wiki.pl?AdamPease (368 words)

	UMBC Agent Web -- news and information on software agent technology
		An ontology is a set of termsand formal definitions.
		This will be limited to the upper level, which provides definition for general-purpose termsand provides a structure for compliant lower level domain ontologies.
		SUMO is an approved "starter document" in the IEEEStandard Upper Ontology effort.
	www.cs.umbc.edu /agent/Topics/Communicative_Agents/Ontologies/IEEE_SUO/index.shtml (267 words)

	Sumo2loom - Products and Tools - Manufacturing Systems Integration Division
		SUMO (Suggested Upper Merged Ontology) is an ontology being created as part of the IEEE Standard Upper Ontology Working Group.
		NIST's translating program, SUMO2LOOM, was developed to translate SUMO into a form that can be used by the LOOM-V4 inference engine.
		Loom has been distributed to more than 80 universities and corporations, and is being used in numerous DARPA-sponsored projects in planning, software engineering, and intelligent integration of information.
	www.mel.nist.gov /msid/sumo2loom.html (230 words)

	[No title]
		It ;; should be noted that some of the axioms in the SUMO make use of row variables ;; (indicated with a "@" prefix).
		Separating ontologies in cases like these is useful when ;; their respective topics can be cleanly differentiated.
		This is the root node of the ontology.") ;; Everything is an entity (due to Robert E. Kent).
	www.ontologyportal.org /SUMOhistory/SUMO1.38.txt (7037 words)

	IAwiki: SUMO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO) is a free, domain-independent, formal upper ontology specified in a version of Knowledge Interchange Format.
		The SUMO has been mapped to the WordNet natural language lexicon.
		Several domain-specific ontologies have been created as extensions to SUMO.
	www.iawiki.net /SUMO (53 words)

	Merged - Davenetics* : Welcome to the New Me (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Merged Ruby packages of Debian [Version: 1.8.2-3] has come to the testing release after some discussions [1].
		Results of project to merge aeromagnetic survey data to create a uniform gridded data set for the state of Alaska.
		We have begun to receive suggestions for a name for the new merged system.
	okayd.com /okd/merged.html (279 words)

	Ontologies and the Semantic Web (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The notion of the semantic web as promoted by Tim Berners- Lee and by Jim Hendler as the focus of a major DARPA-funded research effort, is to transform the current world wide web so that the information and services are understandable and useable by computers as well as humans.
		the key distinguishing feature of the semantic web will be ontologies that will enable software agents to find the meaning of the information on web pages by following hyperlinks to definitions of key terms and rules for reasoning about them logically.
		The aim of this workshop will be to make progress on addressing what ontology languages, tools, methodologies, and content are needed to support the semantic web.
	www.aaai.org /Press/Reports/Workshops/ws-02-11.html (238 words)

	Business Applications of the Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		SUMO is the largest formal, open source ontology available today, with 20,000 terms and 60,000 axioms covering both upper level concepts and a range of domains.
		Having precise definitions for terms in an ontology is also crucial to realize the advantages touted for the semantic web.
		This talk discusses upper ontologies and the value of ontology reuse, as well as the requirements and benefits for formal definitions of terms in an ontology.
	www.wilshireconferences.com /STC05/AGENDA/A24.htm (259 words)

	CADwire.net - Directory > Reference > Knowledge Management > Knowledge Representation > Ontologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering - DOLCE is the first module of the WonderWeb Foundational Ontologies Library (WFOL).
		Ontology for Geographic Information and Metadata - An OWL publication of the ISO 19115 standard, from Drexel University.
		Suggested Upper Merged Ontology - A free, formal ontology in first order logic with domain ontologies totalling 20,000 concepts and 60,000 axioms, with mappings to all of WordNet.
	www.cadwire.net /directory/dir.asp?/Reference/Knowledge_Management/Knowledge_Representation/Ontologies/Published_Ontologies (363 words)

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