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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Sulba Sutras
		The Sulba Sutras or Sulva Sutras are a text of Vedic mathematics.
		The Sulba Sutras or Sulva Sutras are texts of the Hindu canon dealing with the geometry of altar construction.
		If the Sulba Sutras were not written during the Harappan period however, it is still possible that Harappan mathematics was at least as advanced as the Sulba Sutras, based on the evidence of superior brick technology in the Harappan period.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sulba-Sutras (825 words)

	Sulba Sutras
		The Sulba Sutras or Sulva Sutras are texts of the Hindu canon dealing with the geometry of altar construction.
		They are parts of larger works called Dharma Sutras which are appendices to the Vedas elaborating sacrificial rituals, the conduct of marriage, the sacred law and such.
		The sutras also contain discussion and non-axiomatic demonstrations of cases of the Pythagorean theorem and Pythagorean triples that predate Pythagoras (c.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/su/sulba_sutras.html (656 words)

	Sulba Sutras - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		They are parts of larger works called Dharma Sutras which are appendices to the Vedas elaborating sacrificial rituals, the conduct of marriage, the sacred law and such.
		These Sulba Sutras have been dated from around 800 BCE to 200 BCE.
		The Pythagorean theorem is first found in its full generality with non-axiomatic demonstration in the Katyayana sutra.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Sulba_Sutras (647 words)

	GEOMETRICAL AND ARTISTIC SYMMETRY...
		The Sulba Sûtras are part of the Vedic literature, an enormous body of work consisting of thousands of books covering hundreds of thousands of pages.
		Three outstanding features are the wholeness and symmetry of their geometrical results and constructions, the elegance and beauty of the citis, and the indication that the Sutras have a much deeper purpose.
		Each of the citis is constructed from five layers of bricks, the first, third and fifth layers being of the same design, as are the second and fourth.
	members.tripod.com /vismath7/proceedings/price.htm (1275 words)

	GEOMETRICAL AND ARTISTIC SYMMETRY...
		The Sulba Sûtras form part of the Kalpa Sûtras which in turn are a part of the Vedângas.
		There are four main Sulba Sûtras, the Baudhayâna, the Âpastamba, the Mânava, and the Kâtyâyana, and a number of smaller ones.
		Most of the geometric procedures described in the Sulba Sûtras start with the laying out of a prâcî which is a line in the east-west direction.
	www.mi.sanu.ac.yu /vismath/proceedings/price.htm (1275 words)

	Indian Sulbasutras
		In fact, although sulbasutras originally meant rules governing religious rites, sutras came to mean a rope for measuring an altar.
		While thinking of explicit statements of Pythagoras's theorem, we should note that as it is used frequently there are many examples of Pythagorean triples in the Sulbasutras.
		In [The science of the Sulba (Calcutta, 1932).',1)" onmouseover="window.status='Click to see reference';return true">1] Datta considers a diagram similar to the one on the right.
	www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk /HistTopics/Indian_sulbasutras.html (1959 words)

	Acts of faith (Part III of XII) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A fifth of the size of the Yajamana, panchami, was the basic unit of the bricks.
		Of the various Sulba Sutras, those of Baudhayana, Apastamba and Katyayana are best known.
		The theorem is given in all the Sulba Sutras.
	www.hvk.org /articles/0601/93.html (1131 words)

	Sulba Sutras - Information at Halfvalue.com
		The Shulba Sutras (Sanskrit Åulba: "string, cord, rope") are sutra texts belonging to the Årauta ritual and containing geometry related to altar construction, including the problem of squaring the circle.
		The four major Shulba Sutras, and mathematically the most significant, are those composed by Baudhayana, Manava, Apastamba and Katyayana.
		The sutras also contain discussion and non-axiomatic demonstrations of cases of the Pythagorean theorem and Pythagorean triples.
	www.halfvalue.com /wiki.jsp?topic=Sulba_Sutras (674 words)

	Shulba Sutras
		The Shulba Sutras (Sanskrit sulba: "string, cord, rope") are sutra texts belonging to the Srauta ritual and containing geometry related to altar construction, including the problem of squaring the circle.
		The four major Shulba Sutras, and mathematically the most significant, are those composed by Baudhayana, Manava, Apastamba and Katyayana.
		The sutras also contain discussion and non-axiomatic demonstrations of cases of the Pythagorean theorem and Pythagorean triples.
	www.libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Sulba_Sutras.html (590 words)

	Indian mathematics Summary (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sulba Sutra means "Rule of Chords" in Vedic Sanskrit, and is another name for geometry.
		The Sulba Sutras were appendices to the Vedas giving rules for the construction of religious altars.
		If the Sulba Sutras were not written during the Harappan period however, it is still possible that Harappan mathematics was at least as advanced as the Sulba Sutras, based on the evidence of superior brick technology in the Harappan period.
	www.bookrags.com /Indian_mathematics (7153 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Shulba Sutras
		The Shulba Sutras (Sanskrit : "string, cord, rope") are sutra texts belonging to the Śrauta ritual and containing geometry related to altar construction, including the problem of squaring the circle.
		The four major Shulba Sutras, and mathematically the most significant, are those composed by Baudhayana, Manava, Apastamba and Katyayana.
		The sutras also contain discussion and non-axiomatic demonstrations of cases of the Pythagorean theorem and Pythagorean triples.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Sulba_Sutras (614 words)

	Vedic sources of the Vedic mathematics - Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Thus, it seems the Swamiji culled his Sutras from some Sulba work, and discovered his own mathematical significance and interpretation of them all, and presented his discovery in the form of the Sutras and their application to various mathematical problems, along with the `proofs' as expected from a veteran mathematician like him.
		The Sulba Sutras are sections of the Kalpasutras, more particularly of the Srautasutras, which are considered to form one of the six Vedangas or "The Members of the Veda", and deal specially with rituals or ceremonials.
		Thus, in point of the language, the VM Sutras too are similar and cannot be segregated as non-Vedic; they are as much Vedic as are the Srauta Sutras and the Sulba Sutras so far as the point of their language is concerned.
	www.vedicmaths.org /Free%20Resources/Articles/kansara/kansara.asp (7574 words)

	Sutras - Qwika
		Jesus Sutras The Jesus Sutras, or the Lost Sutras of Jesus are the names under which...
		Sulba Sutras The Sulba Sutras or Sulva Sutras are texts of the Hindu canon dealing...
		The utlimate purpose of the Nyaya Sutras is the attainment of salvation, i.e...
	www.qwika.com /find/Sutras (465 words)

	Hindu Scriptures
		Among the Kalpa Sutras, the Asvalayana, Sankhayana and the Sambhavya belong to the Rig-Veda.
		A Sutra or an aphorism is a short formula with the least possible number of letters, without any ambiguity or doubtful assertion, containing the very essence, embracing all meaning, without any stop or obstruction and absolutely faultless in nature.
		A Bhashya is an elaborate exposition, a commentary on the Sutras, with word by word meaning of the aphoristic precepts, their running translation, together with the individual views of the commentator or the Bhashyakara.
	www.hinduism.co.za /vedas-.htm (10847 words)

	.:SAKSI: Vedic Literature: Mathematics: Mathematics in India of the Vedic age:.
		To construct a circle of area equal to that of a square, one needs to have at least an approximate value of the number pi, the ratio of circumference of a circle to the diameter.
		The author of the hymns is trying to define the concept of all ‘perfect’ perfects.’ Its projection to the realm of mathematics is the mathematical infinity denoted by the symbol infinity later.
		The construction of the Paitŗki vedi from the regular vedi is indicated in Baudhayana Sulba Sūtras 3.11.
	www.vedah.com /org2/literature/maths/maths_in_india.html (4290 words)

	4 II. Sulba Sutras
		Of the Sulvas so far 'uncovered' the four major and most mathematically significant are those composed by Baudhayana, Manava, Apastamba and Katyayana (perhaps least 'important' of the Sutras, by the time it was composed the Vedic religion was becoming less predominant).
		However in a paper written 20 years ago S Sinha claims that there are a further three Sutras, 'composed' by Maitrayana, Varaha and Vadhula (SS1, P 76).
		2 in found in three of the sutras.
	www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk /history/Projects/Pearce/Chapters/Ch4_2.html (1044 words)

	Ancient Mathematical Treatises from the Chapter "Jyotisa", in Hindu Dharma : kamakoti.org:
		These sutras mention the precise measurements of the "yajnavedi" (sacrificial altar).
		The sulba- sutras deal with a number of cayanas like, for instance, the one shaped like Garuda.
		There is an equation in the Apastamba sulba sutras which could not be proved until recently.
	www.kamakoti.org /hindudharma/part10/chap3.htm (980 words)

	Hind Scriptures,Scriptures of Hinduism,Popular Systems of Hindu Religious Thoughts,Religious Thoughts of ...
		Kalpa Vedanga defines public rituals in the Srauta and Sulba sutras, domestic rites in the Grihya Sutras and religious law in the Dharma Sastras.
		These Darsanas are in the form of sutras (aphorisms), which are short, definite and free from doubts.
		It encompasses the Vedangas, Nirkuta of Yaksha, Asthadhyayi of Panani (a book of grammar), Srauta Sutra (details of ceremonies to be practised by priests), Griha Sutra (domestic sacrifices and rites) and Dharma Sutra (customary law and practices).
	www.culturopedia.com /Religions/scriptures.html (1512 words)

	Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Sulba Sutras"
		Seidenberg has calculated the date of the Sulba Sutras to be approx.
		Other equations from the pre-Hellenistic period of Indian mathematics include examples of quadratic equations of the form and.
		Indeed an early method for calculating square roots can be found in some Sutras, the method involves repeated application of the formula:, r being small.
	www.omnipelagos.com /entry?n=sulba_%53utras (551 words)

	Vedic Mathematics History Vedic Math, Indian Mathematics History, High Speed Vedic Maths
		Later after attaining sanyasa he went into solitude at Saradha Peeth in Sringeri and relentlessly pursued the study of Vedic scriptures with the consequence that he reconstructed a set of 16 sutras and 13 sub sutras from the Vedic text covering every branch and part of mathematics.
		Now these texts were in Sanskrit and the grammar, the literature and the figures of speech in Sanskrit give great facility of expressing one's dispositions in a number of different subjects but with the same set of words.
		Currently His Holiness is doing research on Yoga sutras and thereafter he would be working on the lost volumes of Ganita Sutras of Bharti Krishna Teertha ji.
	www.vedicmathsindia.org /history_of_vedic_math.htm (727 words)

	Ancient Indian Contribution to Mathematics: Zero. Vedic Maths. Sulba sutras. Indeterminate Equations
		Bodhayana Sutras, in three chapters, (800 - 600 B.C.) contains a general statement of the Pythagorean theorem, an approximation procedure for obtaining the square root of two correct to five decimal places and a number of geometric constructions.
		sutras are two centuries later but all of them are prior to Panini of the fourth century B.C. The geometry arising from these
		The latter's calculation of the square root of two is an isolated instance and further they used the sexagesimal notation for numbers.
	www.geocities.com /kvforp/VK1/History_Maths_Indian_contribution.html (3669 words)

	Aryan Invasion Theory : History Revisited (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Known as the Sulba sutras or the Sulbas, these were originally devised to assist in building sacrificial altars in temple architecture.
		Seidenberg, a professor at the University of California Berkeley, a comparison of the Vedic mathematics with the mathematics of Old Babylonia (1700 BC) and Egyptian Middle Kingdom (2000 to 1800 BC) has revealed that these Sulba sutras have been the font of inspiration.
		He enthusiastically points out that, in essence, the Mastaba, the Egyptian flat topped pyramid is nothing but the turned around version of the Smashanacit, the sacrificial altar described in the Baudhayana Sulba sutra.
	www.hindunet.org /hindu_history/ancient/aryan/aryan_toi.html (1153 words)

	India Discussion Forum - Indian History, Culture, Politics, News, Strategic Security, Hinduism. -> The Indic ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Having obtained one clue, further investigation led him to conclude that the whole of mathematics is based on 16 sutras, and he finally wrote 16 volumes on the topic.
		emphasizes on the simplicity of the tenets of the sutras of vedic mathematics.
		The Shulba Sutras have preserved only that part of Vedic mathematics which was used for constructing the altars and for computing the calendar to regulate the performance of religious rituals.
	www.india-forum.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=69 (6457 words)

	Indian Sulbasutras references (Site not responding. Last check: )
		B Datta, The science of the Sulba (Calcutta, 1932).
		R C Gupta, New Indian values of π from the Manava sulba sutra, Centaurus 31 (2) (1988), 114-125.
		A Mukhopadhyay and M R Adhikari, The concept of cyclic quadrilaterals : its origin and development in India (from the age of Sulba Sutras to Bhaskara I, Indian J. Hist.
	www.gap-system.org /%7Ehistory/HistTopics/Printref/Indian_sulbasutras.html (159 words)

	SULBA SUTRAS Articles The Sulba Sutras or Sulva Sutras ar
		These Sulba Sutras have been dated from around 800-140 BC These Sutras include what may be the first 'use' of irrational numbers.
		The sutras also contain discussion and non-axiomatic demonstrations of cases of the Pythagorean theorem and Pythagorean triples that predate or roughly co-eval with Pythagoras (c 572 - 497 BC).
		Pythagoras's theorem is first found in it full generality with non-axiomatic demonstration in the Katyayana sutra.
	amazines.com /Sulba_Sutras_related.html (608 words)

	Shulba Sutra
		The Vedic Shulba Sutras (fifth to eighth century B.C.E.), meaning "codes of the rope," show that the earliest geometrical and mathematical investigations among the Indians arose from certain requirements of their religious rituals.
		When the poetic vision of the Vedic seers was externalized in symbols, rituals requiring altars and precise measurement became manifest, providing a means to the attainment of the unmanifest world of consciousness.
		"Shulba Sutras" is the name given to those portions or supplements of the Kalpasutras, which deal with the measurement and construction of the different altars or arenas for religious rites.
	www.gosai.com /chaitanya/saranagati/html/math/math_3.html (542 words)

	List of sutras (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Below is a list of sutras organized alphabetically under the broadcategories of Hinduism and Buddhism.
		Yoga Sutras ; (Patanjali); Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
		Buddhist texts a more comprehensive survey of Buddhist literatureof which sutras are a significant, but small part.
	www.therfcc.org /list-of-sutras-17768.html (182 words)

	List of sutras - Free Encyclopedia of Thelema
		Below is a list of sutras organized alphabetically under the broad categories of Hinduism and Buddhism.
		Note that there is considerable difficulty in fixing the period of the various sutras.
		Mahavairocana Sutra also known as the Mahavairocanādhisambodhi Tantra.
	www.egnu.org /thelema/List_of_sutras (230 words)

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