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Topic: Suleiman II

	SULEIMAN II. - LoveToKnow Article on SULEIMAN II.
		In the reforms which followed, whereby the situation of the Christian subjects of the Porte was greatly improved, Suleiman is at least to be given the credit of having allowed Mustafa Kuprili a free hand.
		With an improved administration Turkey's fortunes in the war began to revive, and the reconquest of Belgrade late in 1690 was the last important event of the reign, which ended in 1691 by Suleiman's death.
		SULEIMAN I. To properly cite this SULEIMAN II.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SU/SULEIMAN_II_.htm (221 words)

	Suleiman II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Suleiman II (April 15, 1642 – 1691) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1687 to 1691.
		The younger brother of Mehmed IV, Suleiman had spent most of his life in the kafes (cage), a kind of luxurious prison for princes of the blood within the Topkapi Palace (it was designed to ensure that none could organize a rebellion).
		When he was approached to accept the throne in after his brother's death by assassination in 1687, Suleiman assumed that the delegation had come to kill him and it was only with the greatest persuasion that he could be tempted out of the palace to be ceremonially girded with the sword of the Caliphs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Suleiman_II (205 words)

	Suleiman II of Umayyad - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Suleiman, great-grandson of Abd ar-Rahman III, was installed as Caliph by the Berber soldiers after they had deposed Mohammed II al-Mahdi.
		After he had withdrawn to Algeciras, Suleiman managed to reconquer Cordoba in 1013 with Berber help and depose Hisham II, but he was unable to consolidate his rule, the Zirids of Granada forming an independent dynasty.
		In 1016 Suleiman was betrayed into the hands of the Hammudids and executed, and the Caliphate passed from the Umayyads to the Hammudids under Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir (1016-1018).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Suleiman_II_of_Umayyad (189 words)

	SULEIMAN I. - LoveToKnow Article on SULEIMAN I. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		He was perhaps wanting in firmness of character, and the undue influence exercised over him by unscrupulous ministers, or by the seductions of fairer but no less ambitious votaries of statecraft, led him to make concessions which tarnished the glory of his reign, and were followed by baneful results for the welfare of his empire.
		Suleiman's claims to renown as a legislator rest mainly on his organization of the Ulema, or clerical class, in its hierarchical order from the Sheikh-ul-Islam downwards.
		Suleiman died on the 5th of September 1566, at the age of 72, while conducting the siege of Szigetvlr.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SU/SULEIMAN_I_.htm (387 words)

	Suleiman II
		Suleiman II Suleiman II (April 15, 1642 - 1691) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1687 to 1691.
		The younger brother of Mehmed IV, Suleiman had spent most of his life in the kafe (cage), a kind of luxurious prison for princes of the blood within the Topkapi Palace (it was designed to ensure that none could organize a rebellion).
		When he was approached to accept the throne in after his brother's death by assassination in 1687, Suleiman assumed that the delegation had come to kill him and it was only with the greatest persuasion that he could be tempted out of the palace to be ceremonially girded with the sword of the Caliphss.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/su/suleiman_ii.html (229 words)

	Safavids - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Constant wars with the Ottomans made Shah Tahmasp I move the capital from Tabriz, which was chronically being captured by the Ottoman troops, into the interior city of Qazvin in 1548.
		Suleiman I is said to have spent eight years straight in his harem; Shah Soltan Hosein drank without end.
		He had effective control under Shah Tahmasp II and then ruled as regent of the infant Abbas III until 1736 when he had himself crowned shah.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Safavids (2410 words)

	Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik
		Suleiman took power thanks, in part, to political opponents of Al-Hajjaj bin Yousef.
		Suleiman also ordered a raid on Constantinople, but it was unsuccessful.
		Suleiman was known for his exceptional oratory skills, but his execution of the three generals tarnished his reputation.
	www.kiwipedia.com /suleiman-of-umayyad.html (215 words)

	Ottoman Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		With the capture of Constantinople in 1453, the state became a mighty empire with Mehmed II as its emperor.
		The Empire reached its apex under Suleiman I in the 16th century, when it stretched from the Persian Gulf in the east to Hungary in the northwest, and from Egypt in the south to the Caucasus in the north.
		Note: Although Abdul Mejid II was chosen as caliph in 1922, he was not a sultan, as the National Assembly had abolished the sultanate.
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Ottoman_Empire (1907 words)

	Caliph - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		It is known that Mehmed II and his grandson Selim used it to justify their conquest of Islamic countries.
		At a later date, one of the last Sultans of the Ottoman Empire, Sultan Abdulhamid II, used it as a tool against the European colonisation and occupation of countries with large Muslim populations.
		Suleiman the Magnificent - Early Ottoman Sultan during whose reign the Ottoman Empire reached its zenith.
	www.pineville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Caliph (1885 words)

	Ottoman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		As sultan Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453, the state grew into a mighty empire.
		The Empire reached its apex under Suleiman the Magnificent in the 16th century when it stretched from the Persian Gulf in the east to Hungary in the northwest; and from Egypt in the south to the Caucasus in the north.
		After its defeat at the Battle of Vienna in 1683, however, the empire began a slow decline, culminating in the defeat of the empire by the Allies in World War I.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/o/ot/ottoman_empire.html (830 words)

	Marriott, The Eastern Question. Chapter 4
		Recognized by Suleiman as Beyler Bey of Algiers, Barbarossa placed his services at the disposal of his suzerain, and in the year 1533 was appointed admiral in chief of the Ottoman navy, then at the zenith of its reputation.
		Soon after his accession (1556) Philip II of Spain had endeavoured to rid himself of the perpetual embarrassment of the naval war; but his effort was fruitless, and the contest in the Mediterranean dragged its wearisome length along.
		Suleiman, perhaps the most brilliant of the Ottoman Sultans, certainly one of the greatest among contemporary sovereigns, was as wax in the hands of the woman to whom he gave his heart.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Marr04.html (9312 words)

	ipedia.com: Suleiman II Article
		Suleiman II was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1687 to 1691.
		The younger brother of Mehmed IV, Suleiman had spent most of his life in the kafe, a kind of luxurious prison for princes of the blo...
		During a campaign to retake eastern Hungary, Koprulu was defeated and killed by Imperial troops led by Louis William of Baden at Szlankamen in 1690.
	www.ipedia.com /suleiman_ii.html (256 words)

	The Caliphate: Its Rise, Decline, and Fall - From Original Sources [Chapter 52]
		With the first, the talk was of culture; with the second, of slave-girls, marriage, and divorce; with the third, of austerity, and recitation of the Kor'an by night.
		Suleiman weakened the administration of Spain by conniving at,—if indeed he did not actually order,—the murder of 'Abd al-'Aziz, the able follower of his father Musa; the Christians, profiting by the neglect that followed, rose upon their conquerors in the Asturias, and the mountainous region in the north.
		Suleiman was not only cruel but dissolute and jealous; and as such was used to guard his harim by a watch of
	answering-islam.org /Books/Muir/Caliphate/chap52.htm (1531 words)

	Timeline: 16th Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Three sons of the aged Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II are fighting for his throne.
		Suleiman captures the towns of Buda and Pest.
		Suleiman the Magnificent sends an army from Hungary against Vienna: 325,000 men, 90,000 camels and 500 artillery pieces.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/time16.htm (2614 words)

	Timeline Turkey to 1960
		1687-1691 Suleiman II succeeded Mehmed IV in the Ottoman House of Osman.
		1691-1695 Ahmed II succeeded Suleiman II in the Ottoman House of Osman.
		1703-1730 Ahmed III succeeded Mustafa II in the Ottoman House of Osman.
	timelines.ws /countries/TURKEYA.HTML (9616 words)

	Knights Hospitaller on Malta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The contemporary Moslem chronicler, Hajii Khalifeh, described the siege by the Moslem leader, Suleiman II (the "Magnificent"), as follows: on "..a day when the omens were good, about seven hundred ships set sail from Constantinople for the Mediterranean.
		Faced with little choice, Villiers de l'Isle Adam agreed terms with the Sultan (requiring the Catholic faith to be maintained, the churches not to be profaned and the knights to be able to leave with their weapons, treasure and sacred vessels) and the surviving knights abandoned the island on 1 January 1523.
		Suleiman died one year later of apoplexy and the decline of power of the Sultanate followed, accelerated by the defeat of the Moslem armada at the battle of Lepanto in 1571, when the Order's galleys distinguished themselves once again.
	www.chivalricorders.org /orders/smom/maltaisl.htm (4151 words)

	Osmanli - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Also notable among the Osmanlis are the pretender Cem and the numerous wives of the sultans (for example Roxelana), though they were not really considered as being a part of the Imperial House.
		When Mehmed II took over Constantinople on May 29, 1453, he took the title Emperor of the Roman Empire and protector of Orthodox Christianity.
		He let himself be crowned Emperor by the Patriarch of Constantinople Gennadius Scholarius, whom he protected and whose stature he elevated into leader of all the Eastern Orthodox Christians.
	www.marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Ottoman_sultan (427 words)

	1566 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Selim II succeeds Suleiman I as Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
		Religious rioting in the Netherlands signifies the beginning of the Eighty Years War in the Netherlands.
		Suleiman the Magnificent, ruler of the Ottoman Empire
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /1566.html (210 words)

	The History Place - Top Ten Battles of All Time
		In 1520, Suleiman II had become the tenth sultan of the Ottoman Empire, which reached from the Persian frontier to West Africa and included much of the Balkans.
		Suleiman had also inherited a strong navy, which he used with his army to besiege the island fortress of Rhodes, his first conquest.
		Suleiman and his army experienced many successes after Vienna, but these victories were in the east against the Persians rather than in the west against the Europeans.
	www.historyplace.com /worldhistory/topten (11728 words)

	1
		Mehmet II He was known both as "the Lawgiver" and as "the Magnificent." a.
		Mehmet II He conquered Russia, Persia, and northern India before defeating the Ottoman forces at the Battle of Ankara in 1402.
		Mehmet II He captured Mecca and Medina, the holiest cities of Islam, and Cairo, the intellectual center of the Muslim world.
	www.homestead.com /rwallace/files/whch2p.htm (1024 words)

	Articles - Suleiman Mosque (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The Suleiman Mosque (SÃ¼leymaniye Camii) is a grand mosque in Istanbul.
		The sultans Suleiman II, Ahmed II and Safiye (died in 1777), the daughter of Mustafa II, are also buried here.
		The Suleiman Mosque was ravaged by a fire in 1660 and was restored on the command of sultan Mehmed IV by architect FossatÄ±.
	www.lastring.com /articles/Suleymaniye (324 words)

	Ahmed II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Ahmed II Ahmed II (February 25, 1643 - 1695) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
		Ahmed was the son of Sultan Ibrahim I and succeeded his brother Suleiman II in 1691.
		His best known act was to confirm Mustafa Kuprili as grand vizier.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/a/ah/ahmed_ii.html (108 words)

	Risking Who One Is: Encounters With Contemporary Art and Literature:0674773012:Suleiman, Susan Rubin:eCampus.com
		The book gives us a new way of looking at issues that are as personal as they are prevalent in the writing, the criticism, and the life of our times.
		Suleiman confronts with them the conflicts between writing and motherhood.
		Through Suleiman's encounter with them, these writers and artists enter an exchange with each other, and with us as readers, that opens new perspectives on the representation of women's lives, history and memory, autobiography, and the intersection of gender and postmodernism.
	www.ecampus.com /bk_detail.asp?isbn=0674773012 (324 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Ottomans and Safavids fought over the fertile plains of Iraq for more than 150 years.
		After the capture of Baghdad by Ismail I, Suleiman I (the Magnificient) regained this city in 1534.
		After several campaigns, Safavids recaptured Baghdad in 1623 and lost it again to Murad IV in 1638, during which time, a permanent border was established by treaties, which is still valid between present Turkey and Iran.
	www.online-encyclopedia.info /encyclopedia/s/sa/safavids.html (231 words)

	Royalty.nu - Sultans of the Ottoman Empire - History of Turkey
		His cousin Abdulmecid II was then given the title of caliph.
		Lords of the Golden Horn: From Suleiman the Magnificent to Kamal Ataturk by Noel Barber.
		Jem Sultan was a son of Sultan Mehmet II.
	www.royalty.nu /history/empires/Ottoman (2375 words)

	Suleyman
		While Ottoman culture flourishes during the reign of Selim II, Suleyman's son, the power of the state, internally and externally, began to perceptibly decline.
		Islamic historians believe that the decline was due to two factors: the decreased vigilance of the Sultan over the functions of government and their consequent corruption, and the decreased interest of the government in popular opinion.
		How much this played a direct part in the decline of the Ottomans in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries is difficult to determine, but there is no question that the last century of the Ottomans (19th), the principle historical factor in Ottoman decline was the hyper-aggressive expansion of European colonial powers.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/Suleyman.html (1741 words)

	TDS; Passports, Visas, Travel Documents
		During this period, Malta was sold and resold to various feudal lords and barons and was dominated successively by the rulers of Swabia, Aquitaine, Aragon, Castile, and Spain.
		They dispersed to their commanderies in Europe, and after repeated requests for territory to Charles V, in 1530, a key date in Maltese history, Charles V of Spain ceded the islands to the Order of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem.
		In 1565 Suleiman the Magnificent laid siege to Malta.
	www.traveldocs.com /mt/history.htm (443 words)

	Kavala from the 16th to the 19th century
		The aqueduct at Kavala, built in the reign of Suleiman II the Magnificent, 1520-1530, Kavala.
		In the middle of the 16th century, the French naturalist Pierre Bellon described Kavala's walls, baths, places of worship and aqueduct, built during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent and the reason for the changed face of the city (which had previously been reduced to a way station after the Turks destroyed it in 1391).
		In the 17th century Evliyia Celebi postulated that the word derived from Kavalos, son of Philip II, while the French philhellene Charles Sonnini observed in 1780 that the rock on which the city's houses still cluster resembles a horse ('caballo' in Spanish).
	www.macedonian-heritage.gr /HellenicMacedonia/en/C3.2.1.html (259 words)

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