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Topic: Sulfides

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Hydrogen sulfide

Zinc sulfide

Disulfide

Sulfur

Silver sulphide

Sulfer

Copper(II) chloride

Covellite

Copper extraction

Chalcocite

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Alkaline

Oxidation number

Thioether

Sulfuric acid

	Specialty Chemicals - Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC - Sulfides, Disulfides and Polysulfides
		Sulfide reagents can also be used to introduce organosulfur groups into target organic molecules.
		In addition to their use as catalyst sulfidation agents, polysulfides are commonly used in the formulation of lubricant additives for extreme pressure functionality.
		Agricultural Intermediates, Catalyst Sulfiding and Pyrolysis Furnace Additives
	www.cpchem.com /enu/specialty_chemicals_p_sulfides.asp (169 words)

	CERAC, inc. - Sulfides Product Data Sheet
		Sulfides are generally not thought of as high temperature materials, but at least 30 metallic sulfides display refractory properties which indicate potential uses at elevated temperatures.
		Sulfides generally oxidize readily in moist air at ambient temperature or in dry air at elevated temperature.
		Also, various sulfides have come under recent scrutiny as new battery materials, largely due to the relatively stable forms of metal sulfides in multiple oxidation states and to environmental acceptabilities.
	www.cerac.com /pubs/proddata/sulfides.htm (674 words)

	Method for preparing inorganic sulfides - Patent 4348299
		Calcium and/or strontium sulfides are usually prepared by the sulfurization of the corresponding oxides or carbonates by heating in a hydrogen sulfide or carbon disulfide atmosphere.
		Calcium sulfide, consisting of well-crystallized large particles, may be prepared by the novel method by heating a mixture of an oxidic material, such as the carbonate, oxide, or oxalate of calcium, with a reactive sulfurizing flux in a covered crucible in air at temperatures between 800.degree.
		During the heating, alkali sulfides and polysulfides are released in the mixture which react with the oxidic materials forming the desired sulfides.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4348299.html (3095 words)

	Hattori
		Sulfides in early-formed phenocrysts (olivine and augite) in basalt fragments and dome-forming andesite are globular nickel-bearing pyrrhotite, whereas some sulfides in the glass are irregularly shaped and copper rich.
		Sulfide liquid formed in mafic silicate melts is enriched in Ni, Co, and Cu because the partition coefficients for these elements between sulfide liquid and silicate melt are high (>250 for Ni and Cu and 50 for Co at 1200°C; Rajamani and Naldrett, 1978).
		Sulfide liquid that formed in evolved silicate melts tends to be low in nickel and cobalt and high in copper because of preferential incorporation of nickel and cobalt into early silicate minerals.
	pubs.usgs.gov /pinatubo/hattori (7453 words)

	Sulfides
		The composition of the chimneys depends on the composition of the vent fluids.
		Sulfide chimneys exist at Castle, ASHES, and CASM in the NeMO study area.
		A copper-iron sulfide lining (such as chalcopyrite) is typically deposited on the inner walls of the chimney.
	www.pmel.noaa.gov /vents/nemo/explorer/concepts/sulfides.html (216 words)

	Bio Ox
		In a preferred embodiment, over 90 percent of the metal sulfides oxidized in the anaerobic reactor are oxidized by ferric ions produced by the aerobic step of the process and over 90 percent of the elemental sulfur produced during oxidation of the metal sulfides is oxidized by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria therein.
		After the desired degree of oxidation of the metal sulfides is achieved (typically 50 to 80 percent), the slurry is discharged to a solids/liquid separation zone of the upflow reactor or to a separate unit such as a thickener.
		A portion of the dissolved sulfides is used to precipitate excess metals in the solution as metal sulfides, a portion is used to produce a complexing solution for extraction of precious metals and a portion is oxidized (preferably biologically) to produce elemental sulfur.
	www.yestech.com /tech/sulfides.htm (11532 words)

	Safety Bulletins: Acids, Hydroxides and Sulfides
		Sulfides of different kinds are used in photography, with sodium sulfide and polysulfide most often used in toning processes.
		The fumes of sulfide solution are very noxious, but when a sulfide contacts an acid, the gas generated by the reaction is not only evil-smelling, it is an exceptionally powerful poison.
		The gas, hydrogen sulfide, is as active as hydrogen cyanide, and should be treated with equal respect.
	www.jackspcs.com /safety.htm (1300 words)

	Minerals of the Cu-S system from the Logatchev field (Mid-Atlantic Ridge) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Two principal associations of copper sulfides are recognized on the base of relations of minerals studied and their termical and chemical stability: the early relict (high temperature) association and the late major (low temperature) one.
		The rare copper sulfide relicts of this association were only preserved now because they were immediately undergone by the sea water action after their deposition causing the formation of secondary copper sulfides.
		The sequence of non-stoichiometric sulfide formation observed in samples is close to that obtained in the experimental leaching of copper from chalcopyrite under the acid condition (Kosiak and Levin 1980; Witheside and Goble 1986) and reflects a decrease of the copper activity and increase of oxidizing potencial in the mineral-forming system.
	www.igem.ru /igem/mine/logatchev.htm (1295 words)

	Fossil replacements by sulfides
		Subsequently, an electron diffraction photograph made of the Trigonocarpus clay was compared with those of known dickite and kaolinite and found to substantiate Grawe's report that a mixture of dickite and kaolinite was present.
		The association of dickite with sulfides is interesting in view of other Missouri occurrences.
		Tarr interpreted the occurrence of dickite as indicative of hydrothermal solutions which brought in the sulfides, and Allen accepted a hydrothermal origin for it, thus affording "evidence.
	www.minsocam.org /msa/collectors_corner/arc/fossil1.htm (886 words)

	The Mineral Gallery - Sulfides Class
		The majority of sulfides are metallic, opaque, generally sectile, soft to average in hardness and they have high densities, fl or dark colored streaks and an igneous origin.
		This is a large segment of the sulfide class whose difference from the other sulfides lies in the position of the semi-metal ions.
		In most ordinary sulfides that contain a semi-metal such as antimony, arsenic or bismuth, they substitute in the sulfur positions, but in sulfosalts they substitute for the metal ions and bond with the sulfurs.
	mineral.galleries.com /minerals/sulfides/class.htm (319 words)

	Pennsylvania Geological Survey: Acid Map – Map Text
		The abundance and distribution of sulfides in the Appalachian plateaus are often related to depositional environment, whereas the sulfides in the Ridge and Valley physiographic province have been more affected by Alleghanian structural features (faults, fractures, lineaments, etc.) and fluid movement.
		Dark shales, sulfide mineralized areas, fractured rocks, and rocks with little calcareous material are zones that should be considered as having the potential to produce AD in the Ridge and Valley physiographic province.
		Concentrated sulfide mineralization may be evident on the surface in the form of oxidized pyrite, leaving behind various iron oxide minerals as gossan.
	www.dcnr.state.pa.us /topogeo/openfile/acidmaptext.aspx (1541 words)

	Berzelian Classification System
		Minerals of the sulfide class are compounds which contain the nonmetallic element sulfur in combination with atoms of a metal or a semimetal.
		The sulfides, antimonides, arsenides, selenides, tellurides, and sulfosalts may be grouped according to the ratio of metal to nonmetal contained in their chemical formulae.
		Section 5.) Sulfides and arsenides are frequently altered to produce the secondary sulfates and arsenates.
	dave.ucsc.edu /myrtreia/Berzelian_class.html (7720 words)

	Snow Lake, Manitoba
		Massive sulfide ore from the Photo Lake Cu-Zn-Au VMS deposit that is mostly chalcopyrite with cubes of pyrite in grayish pyrrhotite.
		Where the sulfides went is uncertain, but one possibility is into the massive sulfide layer, which has substantially higher Cu grades than most VMS deposits.
		Those sulfide grains included in garnet were protected and are preserved as relicts of the the earlier assemblage.
	www.geo.ucalgary.ca /~tmenard/ores/snowlakeSeg.html (1251 words)

	sulfides
		Sulfides are minerals that conbine metallic cations (+) with a sulfur anion (S-) This is an important class of minerals because it includes the majority of the ore minerals.
		Polymorphism is the ability of a specific chemical substance to crystallize in more than one configuration, which is dependent upon changes in temperature, pressure, or both.
		The sulfides, pyrite/marcasite, are very similar in appearance and difficult to distinguish in hand specimen although they do have different crystal systems and can vary in habit (Encyclopedia of Minerals).
	www.emporia.edu /earthsci/amber/go340/students/barnett/sulfides.html (760 words)

	Hydrogen Sulfide Control in Wastewater Collection Systems
		The content of the sulfides in the wastewater can be from 20 to 10 ppm, translating into 20 to 200 ppm of hydrogen sulfide gas.
		This analyzer continuously monitors the amount of sulfides and controls the addition of a proprietary nitrate chemical that is injected upstream in the force main.
		The nitrate chemical oxidizes the sulfides present in the wastewater and significantly reduces corrosion and odor.
	www.wwdmag.com /wwd/index.cfm/powergrid/rfah=\|cfap=/CFID/1801744/CFTOKEN/49148581/fuseaction/showArticle/articleID/1812 (1735 words)

	Mineralogy-101: Environ. & Assoc. - Sulfides by Alan Plante on 6/01/2001
		Fault zone deposits of massive sulfides (whether along thrust faults or typical high angle faults, normal or reverse) are pretty much self-explanatory: Hydrothermal fluids rich in metals and sulfur coursing through the sheared rocks of fault zones deposit sulfide minerals as ore bodies along those faults.
		And massive sulfides usually carry a tiny percentage of silver and gold — though rarely (if ever) in sufficient concentrations to be profitable on their own; as miners learned (to their dismay) when they tried to develop gold and silver mines on these deposits.
		In places the sulfides are overshadowed by metallic oxides — particularly hematite, magnetite, and a bewildering array of manganese oxides that are damn near impossible to identify without high-tech lab equipment.
	www.rockhounds.com /rocknet/archive/messages/10253.shtml (1419 words)

	Allyl Sulfides
		Allyl sulfides are found in foods in the onion family and help reduce the production of certain enzymes that convert cancer-causing precursors into their active form.
		Allyl sulfides help reduce the risk of cancer by limiting the number of cancerous precursors from becoming cancer.
		Due to the allyl sulfides in garlic, onions and leeks, they have been linked to a reduced risk of stomach and colon cancer.
	www.bellybytes.com /nourish/allyl_sulfides.html (80 words)

	Deep water polymetallic sulfides of mid-atlantic ridge researches carried out by polar marine geological expedition and ...
		Deep water polymetallic sulfides of mid-atlantic ridge researches carried out by polar marine geological expedition and their role in the realization of the international programs on the investigation of the world ocean, VII International Congress
		Deep water polymetallic sulfides of mid-atlantic ridge researches carried out by polar marine geological expedition and their role in the realization of the international programs on the investigation of the world ocean
		The major sulfide minerals are sphalerites, minor minerals are pyrrhotites, chalcopyrite-izocubanites, and pyrites.
	vitiaz.ru /congress/en/thesis/24.html (618 words)

	Marine: Guidelines For the Use of Copper Alloys In Seawater
		Syrett noted that sulfides in saline waters are not particularly detrimental to copper alloys unless dissolved oxygen is also present or unless exposure to oxygen-free, sulfide-polluted waters is followed by exposure to aerated, unpolluted waters.
		Influence of sulfide and oxygen on the corrosion current in a copper-nickel alloy exposed to flowing seawater.
		After deaeration, the seawater is fed through tubing in the heat recovery section, where it is gradually heated in a series of stages to either 180 F (82 C) in the plants using polyphosphates or 220 to 230 F (104 to 110 C) in the plants using acid or chemical additives.
	www.copper.org /applications/marine/seawater/seawater_corrosion1.html (3703 words)

	ETS Laboratories
		The values shown in the table are compiled from published literature and in-house sulfide studies at ETS Laboratories.
		Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is present in almost all wines and is probably a breakdown product of amino acids.
		S is desirable to minimize and avoid the formation of mercaptans and other complex sulfides more resistant to treatment.
	www.etslabs.com /pagetemplate/blank.asp?pageid=350 (826 words)

	The World Market for Sulfides, Polysulfides, Dithionites, Sulfoxylates, Sulfites,
		I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for sulfides, polysulfides, dithionites, sulfoxylates, sulfites, thiosulfates, sulfates and alums for those countries serving the world market via exports or supplying from various countries via imports.
		Combined, Chapters 3 and 4 present the complete picture for imports and exports of sulfides, polysulfides, dithionites, sulfoxylates, sulfites, thiosulfates, sulfates and alums to and from all major countries in the world.
		Sulfides, Polysulfides, Dithionites, Sulfoxylates, Sulfites, Thiosulfates, Sulfates and Alums as a category is defined in this report following the definition given by the United Nations Statistics Division Classification Registry using the Standard International Trade Classification, Revision 3 (SITC, Rev. 3).
	www.mindbranch.com /Sulfides-Polysulfides-Dithionites-R307-23033 (998 words)

	Alan Guisewite's Mineral Collection Images: Miscellaneous Systematic Sulfides Page
		Berthierite's another iron antimony sulfide - this miniature of a massively parallel bundle of fibers is from the Herja Mine, Baia Mare, Maramures County, Romania.
		One of the two "ruby-silver" ores (the other is proustite), pyrargyrite (a silver antimony sulfide) is a marker for silver and is often used as a silver ore (60% silver).
		Siegenite's a rare nickel cobalt sulfide - this large thumbnail (with a dolomite matrix) is from the Sweetwater Mine, Reynolds County, Missouri.
	www-2.cs.cmu.edu /~adg/adg-pssuiimages.html (5740 words)

	PRESS RELEASE Anatolia Targets Copler Sulfides (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-02)
		Intent is to expand and improve grade and quality of the current 3.5 million ounces of potentially open-pittable sulfide gold resource.
		Current sulfide resources total 28.0 million tonnes of in-pit Measured and Indicated at 2.22 gpt gold (Measured of 10.0 million tonnes at 2.26 gpt gold and Indicated of 18.0 million tonnes of 2.19 gpt gold) (2.0 million ozs.
		Results from a series of metallurgical results anticipated by the end of the year are expected to provide data to choose the most promising of several methods for commercially processing sulfide gold from Copler.
	www.marketwire.com /mw/release_html_b1?release_id=192168&tsource=3 (817 words)

	Alan Guisewite's Mineral Collection Images: Miscellaneous Systematic Sulfides Page
		Berthierite's another iron antimony sulfide - this miniature of a massively parallel bundle of fibers is from the Herja Mine, Baia Mare, Maramures County, Romania.
		One of the two "ruby-silver" ores (the other is proustite), pyrargyrite (a silver antimony sulfide) is a marker for silver and is often used as a silver ore (60% silver).
		Siegenite's a rare nickel cobalt sulfide - this large thumbnail (with a dolomite matrix) is from the Sweetwater Mine, Reynolds County, Missouri.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /~adg/adg-pssuiimages.html (5740 words)

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