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Topic: Sulfide Mineral

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	Arsenic Sorption on Sulfide Minerals
		Anthropogenic sources of arsenic contamination include sulfide ore smelting and disposal, and use in agricultural chemicals, wood preservation, and the burning of fossil fuels enriched in arsenic.
		The increase in porewater Fe(II) is accompanied by arsenic release.
		Arsenic may be sequestered in the sediments as an arsenic sulfide solid; however, sorption on sulfide minerals may also occur.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~soilchem/As_sulfide.htm (718 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Galena_(mineral) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In its chemically purified form, galena is known as lead sulfide; refer to that article for chemical and industrial uses.
		Galena is one of the most abundant and widely distributed sulfide minerals, and is the most common ore of lead.
		It is often associated with the minerals sphalerite and fluorite.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Galena_(mineral) (198 words)

	Application of inert gas mixtures to prevent and/or to control sulfide mineral oxidation and the generation of acid ...
		One aspect of the present invention is a process for treating earth materials, such as a mass of sulfidic waste, to prevent and/or to control the oxidation of sulfide minerals and the generation of ARD and metal leaching.
		One embodiment of the present invention is the application of IGM to prevent and/or to control the influx of atmospheric oxygen to sulfide minerals so as to prevent and/or to control sulfide mineral oxidation and the generation of acid rock drainage also known as acid mine drainage and acidic drainage.
		First, the ingress of atmospheric oxygen to the sulfide minerals contained within a mass of sulfidic waste such as a rock dump is limited by the rate at which atmospheric oxygen diffuses through the interstitial pore spaces in the cover.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6991405.html (10090 words)

	Electrochemistry Encyclopedia --- Extracting metals from sulfide ores
		One of the six basic geophysical exploration groups of methods commonly employed in the search for minerals is based on the sensing of mineral conductivity and of currents flowing as a result of oxidation of the sulfide minerals in natural weathering underground.
		The interaction of the organic collector with the sulfide mineral surface occurs by a corrosion-type mechanism in which an anodic oxidation reaction attaches the organic collector to the mineral surface and the electrons transferred to the mineral by this reaction are returned to the solution phase by the reduction of oxygen.
		Cobalt sulfides appear in the nickel concentrate and the cobalt is subsequently recovered.
	electrochem.cwru.edu /ed/encycl/art-m02-metals.htm (5694 words)

	Greenockite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Greenockite is a rare cadmium mineral that consists of cadmium sulfide, CdS, in crystalline form.
		Greenockite occurs with other sulfide minerals such as sphalerite and galena.
		It is the only ore mineral of cadmium, most cadmium is recovered as a byproduct of zinc and lead mining.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Greenockite (147 words)

	SULFIDE AND OXIDE PETROLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Sulfide rocks, containing by definition >5% sulfide minerals (see "Sulfide and Oxide Petrology" in the "Explanatory Notes" chapter), consist predominantly of Type 2 anhydrite—quartz veins containing pyrite with some trace chalcopyrite.
		Minerals recognized are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and rare tennantite and covellite (or bornite).
		The latter, the only massive sulfide encountered on Leg 193, is sufficiently small that it is possible that it is a piece of sulfide from a Type 2 vein that has become separated from most of its quartz and anhydrite gangue during drilling.
	www.ga.gov.au /odp/publications/193_IR/chap_04/c4_4.htm (3037 words)

	sulfide mineral -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Most of the sulfides are simple structurally, exhibit high symmetry in their crystal forms, and have many of the properties of metals, including metallic lustre and electrical conductivity.
		Mineral water is produced artificially by adding salts to distilled water or aerating it...
		The major groups are: (1) native elements; (2) sulfides; (3) sulfosalts; (4) oxides and hydroxides; (5) halides and borates; (6) carbonates; (7) nitrates and iodates; (8) phosphates, vanadates, and arsenates; (9) sulfates; (10) tungstates and molybdates; and (11) silicates.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9070240 (848 words)

	Minerals
		The most common minerals are the silicates, as one would guess by looking at the abundances of the elements in the Earth's crust, but there is a great variety of minerals.
		Minerals are classified in many ways, including hardness, optical properties, crystal structure, etc. Shipman, et al.
		Some minerals are valued as gems because of their hardness, color and beauty.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/geophys/mineral.html (405 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Iron sulfide minerals represent a potential reductant in the natural attenuation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) in reduced anaerobic environments, and it may have application as an additive in certain passive remediation applications using iron metal as a reductant.
		Iron sulfide reactions with hexachloroethane have been shown to be insensitive to many organic amendments and mild changes in ionic strength, suggesting that iron sulfide may retain its reactivity in diverse environments.
		To this end, we are investigating the role of iron sulfide minerals as a source of CAH reduction, both in the presence and absence of methanogenic populations.
	www.engg.ksu.edu /HSRC/abs44.doc (606 words)

	Trace Minerals - About Us
		Minerals in the soil control the metabolism of cells in plant, animal and man....* Diseases are created chiefly by destroying the harmony reigning among mineral substances present in infinitesimal amounts in air, water and food, but most importantly in the soil.” * Even the AMA recognizes the importance of minerals in our diet.
		It becomes increasingly evident when studying the relationship of minerals to human health that keeping the level of minerals in balance in every tissue, fluid, cell and organ in the human body may be the key to maintaining human health.
		Minerals and trace minerals can also help each other in the process of assimilation and add additional safety buffers for minerals that have the potential of being toxic to human health.
	www.traceminerals.com /about.html (2133 words)

	CESI Project Page-Relationship of Sedimentry Sulfer, Iron, and Phosphorus Cycling to Water Quality in Florida Bay
		The predominant sulfide mineral in bay sediments is pyrite (up to 50 µmoles per gram dry weight of sediment), with concentrations of mackinawite typically an order of magnitude lower.
		By stimulating authigenic sulfide mineral formation through the experimental addition of reactive iron to sediments, we demonstrated that iron-sulfide mineral formation in bay sediments was limited by the availability of reactive iron.
		Based on our results, we conclude that sulfide toxicity in sediments may contribute to seagrass die-offs, but that the plants are well-adapted to this carbonate environment where iron concentrations naturally are low and the buffering capacity is scant relative to other estuaries with terrigenous sediments.
	fl.water.usgs.gov /cesi/crm_relationshipsulfer_proj.htm (730 words)

	Amateur Geologist Structured Geological Glossary: Minerals
		Formed from minerals belonging to a solid-solution series, and caused by the changing concentration of elements in a cooling magma that results from crystals settling out.
		Occurrence of a concentrated mass of sulfide mineral such as pyrite, sphalerite or chalcopyrite in one place, as opposed to their being disseminated or occurring in vein.
		Actinolite is a non-hazardous relative of asbestos and is a common mineral in metamorphic rocks.
	www.amateurgeologist.com /content/glossary/minerals/minerals.html (1466 words)

	UW-Madison Geology 410 - Acid Mine Drainage
		Pyrite is a sulfide mineral (FeS2), similar to the sulfide minerals galena (PbS) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) that are common ore minerals of lead and copper, respectively.
		These minerals are commonly all found in a given sulfide ore body, so acid mine drainage is a particularly prevalent environmental consequence of sulfide mining.
		Metallic minerals are more soluble in acid water than in pure water; thus acid formed by dissolution of pyrite dissolves more pyrite, and this acid water then dissolves other sulfide minerals, further acidifying the water, and so on, causing a feedback.
	www.geology.wisc.edu /courses/g410/drainage.html (761 words)

	Method for rendering refractory sulfide ores more susceptible to biooxidation - Patent 5800593
		A method according to claim 4, wherein the refractory sulfide mineral particles contained in said concentrate are oxidized by a method selected from the group consisting of roasting, pressure oxidation, and chemical oxidation.
		A method according to claim 8, wherein the refractory sulfide mineral particles contained in said concentrate are oxidized by a method selected from the group consisting of roasting, pressure oxidation, and chemical oxidation.
		The foregoing microorganisms oxidize the iron sulfide particles to cause the solubilization of iron as ferric iron, and sulfide, as sulfate ion.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5800593.html (3781 words)

	Bornite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Bornite is a sulfide mineral with chemical composition Cu FeS
		Bornite is an important copper ore mineral and occurs widely in porphyry copper deposits along with more common chalcopyrite.
		It is important for its copper content of about 63 percent by mass and is found in Arizona, Butte, Montana, and Mexico.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bornite (119 words)

	Title page for ETD etd-05052000-16090038
		Sulfide minerals are a major source of metals; however, certain sulfide minerals, such as pyrite and pyrrhotite, are less desirable.
		Their existence with other sulfide minerals leads to an inefficient separation process as well as environmental problems, such as acid mine drainage during mining and processing and SO2 emissions during smelting process.
		The adsorption of xanthate on sulfide minerals is a mixed-potential mechanism, i.e., the anodic oxidation of xanthate requires a cathodic counterpart.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /theses/available/etd-05052000-16090038 (560 words)

	7. Sulfide Mineral Chemistry and Petrography and Platinum Group Element Composition in Gabbroic Rocks from the ...
		Sulfide mineral and bulk rock compositions were determined from samples in the 1000-m section of oceanic gabbros recovered during Leg 176.
		The sulfide assemblage of pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pentlandite, and troilite is present throughout this section, as it is throughout the 500-m gabbroic section above that was sampled during Leg 118.
		Bulk rock and sulfide mineral geochemical indicators that are spatially coincident with structural and physical properties anomalies indicate a heretofore unrecognized lithologic unit boundary in this section.
	www-odp.tamu.edu /publications/176_SR/chap_07/c7_.htm (397 words)

	INGENIUM CAPITAL CORP Securities Registration: Small Business (SB-2) EXPERTS
		Mineral claims of this type may be extended either by completing sufficient work and filing a report on the work completed on the mineral property with the British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines, or by paying a filing fee in lieu of performing the exploration work.
		The Glove mineral claim is comprised of a twenty unit grid claim block with an area of 400 hectares and located in the Pass Creed area 20 kilometers north of Grand Forks, British Columbia, Canada and five kilometers north of the Canada-United States border.
		Mineralization is concentrated to the irregular contact zone between the Coryell syenite intrusive and the Knobhill volcano-sedimentary package.
	sec.edgar-online.com /2004/04/21/0001062993-04-000556/section11.asp (3855 words)

	Spa treatments for skin diseases, eczema, psoriasis, dermatitis, arthritis.
		Therefore, diluted mineral water is used for the baths in the concentration of 1/20, 1/10, 1/5 corresponding to 100mg per 1 liter of water.
		Theory of reflective effects is based on a considerable effect of hydrogen sulfide on peripheral nerve terminals in the skin and on airways mucous membrane as well as reflective changes of a functional status of the central nervous system.
		It is proven that hydrogen sulfide at the concentration of 30mg per 1 liter of water significantly reduces the binding of epidermal growth factor on cells of the human epidermal line, i.e.
	www.azimuthtravel.us /spa_smrdaky_water.html (1723 words)

	Sulfide Flotation
		The ores with sulfide minerals often consists of metal sulfide minerals and gangue.
		The chemisorption of xanthates and the presence of oxygen are essential for the flotation of sulfide minerals such as galena.
		m is a result of the mineral’s not adsorbing to the air bubbles as they are too large and heavy to float.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Hangar/5555/sulfide.htm (846 words)

	Get information on sulfide minerals and how sulfide minerals can keep you healthy. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Iron sulfide minerals are common soil constituents that have been identified in a number of...
		Temperature Effects on Bacterial Leaching of Sulfide Minerals in Shake Flask Experiments The microbiological leaching of a sulfide ore sample was investigated in shake flask experiments.
		It is ordinarily found associated with other sulfide minerals in tin veins, as at Cornwall, England; Zeehan...
	www.vitaminresourcesonline.com /directory/minerals/sulfide_minerals (873 words)

	pyrrhotite.htm
		It is found in massive sulfide deposits associated with pyrite, sphalerite, galena and chalcopyrite.
		MARINETTE COUNTY: Pyrrhotite is a major sulfide mineral at the Duval massive sulfide deposit, sec.
		RUSK COUNTY: Pyrrhotite is a minor component of the massive sulfide ore at the Flambeau Mine, near Ladysmith.
	www.uwrf.edu /~wc01/pyrrhotite.htm (474 words)

	Innovations in Copper: Mining & Extraction: Producing copper nature's way: Bioleaching
		This is the oxidation of sulfide minerals associated with but not necessarily part of the mineral of interest to be extracted.
		Investigation revealed that naturally occurring bacteria were oxidizing iron sulfides in the piles, and the resulting ferric sulfate and sulfuric acid was acting as an oxidizer and leachant for copper sulfides.
		The first is that the overall leaching process occurs by the microbial oxidation of ferrous to ferric ions followed by the chemical oxidation of the sulfide mineral by the ferric ion.
	www.copper.org /innovations/2004/05/producing_copper_natures_way_bioleaching.html (4393 words)

	Arsenic in New England - Dr. Alan Welch
		Widespread high arsenic concentrations in potable ground water are most commonly caused by release from phyllosilicate, iron oxides, and sulfide minerals.
		Molecular oxygen is quantitatively the most important oxidant in ground-water systems, although nitrate from agricultural activities also can oxidize sulfide minerals.
		Sulfide mineral oxidation is commonly limited by the amount of molecular oxygen contained in the water during recharge.
	www.dartmouth.edu /%7Ecehs/ArsenicConference/welch.html (210 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Chalcopyrite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Chalcopyrite is a copper iron sulfide mineral that crystallizes in the tetragonal system.
		It has a brassy to golden yellow color and hardness of 3.5 to 4 on the Mohs scale.
		Chalcopyrite carved owl on a base of quartz crystals, 2.5 inches (6 cm) high.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Chalcopyrite (146 words)

	Cuprian Sphalerite
		Zinc and copper exhibit an inverse concentration relation, and comparison with the original sphalerite indicates that the blue phase maintains a metal: sulfur atomic ratio of approximately unity, and may probably be regarded as a cuprian sphalerite.
		The compositionally discrete sulfide mineral formed in the course of the replacement of the cuprian sphalerite by covellite presents greater difficulties for interpretation.
		The optical properties of this mineral are, by analogy with the Cu-Fe-S system, not inappropriate for a phase with this general stoichiometry, and they are certainly very similar to those of the poorly-defined phase synthesized at 400°C by Moh (1960).
	www.minsocam.org /MSA/collectors_corner/arc/cusphalerite.htm (1365 words)

	AllRefer.com - pyrite, Mineral (Mineralogy And Crystallography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It occurs most commonly in crystals (belonging to the isometric system and usually in the form of cubes and pyritohedrons) but is also found in massive, granular, and stalactite form.
		The most common sulfide mineral, pyrite is widely distributed in rocks of all ages and types.
		Some minerals resembling pyrite in appearance or composition are arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite (copper pyrites), cobaltite, marcasite (white iron pyrites or spear pyrites), and pyrrhotite (magnetic pyrites).
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/pyrite.html (274 words)

	Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Generation of environmentally-problematic sulfuric acid waters typically occurs where the sulfide minerals exist in ore bodies that have been exposed through mining activities.
		Our approach to the study of sulfide mineral weathering is to consider the pathways of elements from the crystal, through surface reactions, into solution and onto, or into, secondary products.
		The converse side of microbe-sulfide mineral interactions is the utilization of microorganisms in extractive metallurgy.
	ist-socrates.berkeley.edu /~eps2/wisc/resdes.html (598 words)

	Predictive Experiments of Sulfide Oxidation Processes - Project Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Our specific objective is to determine rates and mechanisms of sulfide mineral oxidation and toxic element release due to chemical and microbiological processes.
		Laboratory experiments conducted in the last decade have determined the rates of inorganic oxidation of some common sulfide minerals under certain ranges of conditions, but much more needs to be done, especially with alteration of specific minerals and chemical reactions mediated by microorganisms.
		Our objective is to determine rates and mechanisms of sulfide mineral oxidation and toxic element release due to chemical and microbiological processes.
	minerals.cr.usgs.gov /projects/sulfide_oxidation/overview.html (679 words)

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