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Topic: Sulfite

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Inorganic nomenclature

Sodium nitrite

List of Polyatomic Ions

H2S

Sulfur

Barite

Sulfur dioxide

Ammonia

Sulfate

Spotted Crake

Ethyl mercaptan

Thioether

Thiol

Yuan Dynasty

	Diagnose-Me: Condition: Sulfite Sensitivity
		Sulfites are sulfur-based preservatives that are used to prevent or reduce discoloration of light-colored fruits and vegetables, prevent fl spots on shrimp and lobster, inhibit the growth of microorganisms in fermented foods such as wine, condition dough, and maintain the stability and potency of certain medications.
		Sulfites can be measured in the urine, and used as a means of monitoring symptom correlation with treatments such as molybdenum.
		Sulfites are sulfur-based compounds that are added by food manufacturers and restaurants for many purposes such as reducing discoloration of light-colored fruits and vegetables; preventing fl spots on seafood; inhibiting the growth of microorganisms in fermented foods such as wine; conditioning dough; maintaining the stability and potency of certain medications.
	www.diagnose-me.com /cond/C488839.html (2092 words)

	Sulfite - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		People with allergies to aspirin are also at an elevated risk for reaction to sulfites.
		Although shrimp is sometimes treated with sulfites on fishing vessels, the chemical may not appear on the label.
		In 1985, the United States federal government banned addition of sulfites to most fresh fruits and vegetables, though fresh-cut potatoes and dried fruits are exceptions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sulfite (243 words)

	eMedicine - Sulfite Oxidase Deficiency : Article by Georgianne L Arnold, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		One patient was diagnosed with sulfite oxidase deficiency at birth based on neonatal seizures and a history of a sibling with the disorder.
		Sulfite oxidase deficiency and molybdenum cofactor deficiency in the metabolism of sulfated amino acids.
		Johnson JL: Prenatal diagnosis of molybdenum cofactor deficiency and isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2172.htm (1752 words)

	Sulfite by Ion Chromatography
		Sulfite by IC Sulfite (SO) in solution is easily oxidized by air to sulfate (SO Since sulfate is very common, this complicates the direct analysis of sulfite.
		This sulfite test is used to test for free sulfite in solution as well as for sulfur dioxide trapped in impingers or on impregnated filters.
		The method is based on NIOSH 6004, and uses 2% glycerol to stabilize the sulfite ion, minimizing oxidation to sulfate.
	www.wcaslab.com /tech/sulfite.htm (217 words)

	Sulfite Allergy Article from Living Without magazine
		In addition to their role as preservatives, sulfites are used to bleach food starches, such as corn, potato and sugar beet.
		Sulfites are also put to work as preventives against rust and scale in boiler water used in making steam that may come into contact with food.
		Sulfites lurk in many popular foods and beverages, under the names of sulfur dioxide, sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite, potassium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite and potassium metabisulfite.
	www.livingwithout.com /feature_sulfite_allergy.htm (954 words)

	041. Sodium sulfite (FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series 40abc) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Small amounts of sulfite are regularly formed in the intermediary metabolism of the body in the catabolism of cystine by the non-enzymatic decomposition of 8-sulfinyl pyruvic acid to pyruvic acid and SO The stationary concentration of sulfite in the cells is too small to be measured.
		Effect on thiamine Treatment of foods with sulfites reduced their thiamine content (Morgan et al., 1935; Williams et al,, 1935), It has been suggested that the ingestion of SO in a beverage may effectively reduce the level of thiamine in the rest of the diet (Hötzel, 1962).
		Sulfite administered in food appears to be more toxic in animal experiments than when administered in drinking water or wine.
	www.inchem.org /documents/jecfa/jecmono/40abcj16.htm (1955 words)

	Allergy & Asthma Disease Management Center: Ask the Expert: Sulfites
		In the second study a cumulative dose sulfited wine challenge protocol was employed to establish if wine sensitive asthmatics as a group have an increased sensitivity to sulfites.
		Subjects showing positive responses to single blind high sulfite (300 ppm) wine challenge were rechallenged on separate days in a double blind, placebo controlled fashion with wines of varying sulfite levels to characterize their responses to these drinks.
		Sulfite challenges are conducted in a different manner and there has not been cross-sensitivity established between sulfite sensitive and aspirin sensitive asthmatics.
	www.aaaai.org /aadmc/ate/sulfites.html (2952 words)

	Sulfite Calculator - Winemaker Magazine: Creating Your Own Great Wines
		The Sulfite Calculator is a simple yet very useful tool to quickly calculate the amount of sulfite needed to adequately protect a wine.
		Sulfite has been used since the early days of winemaking as a preservative to protect wines from oxidation and microbial spoilage.
		For home winemaking, sulfite is commonly sourced from potassium or sodium metabisulfite powder or from sodium metabisulfite tablets, known as Campden tablets.
	winemakermag.com /sulfitecalculator (1004 words)

	eMedicine - Sulfite Oxidase Deficiency : Article Excerpt by: Georgianne L Arnold, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As sulfite oxidase deficiency and molybdenum cofactor deficiency have virtually identical phenotypes, the central nervous system toxicity appears to be secondary to loss of function of sulfite oxidase.
		Methionine and cysteine normally are metabolized to sulfite and then are oxidized to sulfate by the enzyme sulfite oxidase (see Image 2).
		The pathogenesis of the brain damage in those with sulfite oxidase deficiency is not known but may be related to sulfite accumulation or lack of sulfate in the central nervous system.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/byname/sulfite-oxidase-deficiency.htm (415 words)

	WebMD Explains Sulfite Sensitivity
		Sulfites are a group of sulfur-based compounds that may occur naturally or may be added to food as an enhancer and preservative.
		In 1986, the FDA banned the use of sulfites on fruits and vegetables that are eaten raw, such as lettuce or apples.
		Although sulfites are no longer used on most fresh foods, they still can be found in a variety of cooked and processed foods.
	www.webmd.com /content/article/61/67477.htm (270 words)

	B&W Photo - Film & Processing Forum: Sulfite
		Sulfite is necessary to activate the superadditivity of hydroquinone and softer-working developing agents like phenidone and metol.
		Also, if I understand this correctly, sulfite is a great preservative for hydroquinone because it reacts with exhausted hydroquinone to form semiquinone, which is also a developer, while releasing a hydroxide ion that increases alkalinity.
		High sulfite content is conducive to physical development, which as you may jnow is the replating of reduced silver onto the latent or partially developed silver image.
	www.photo.net /bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=00D6iA (787 words)

	The Analyst - Internet Health Report: Condition: Sulfite Sensitivity
		Sulfites are commonly used in the processing and storage of several foods and drinks.
		Sulfites are made naturally during the fermentation of wine.
		Sulfite Sensitivity: A person can develop sulfite sensitivity (allergy) at any point in their life but the cause is often unknown.
	www.digitalnaturopath.com /cond/C488289.html (1462 words)

	Human sulfite oxidase R160Q: Identification of the mutation in a sulfite oxidase-deficient patient and expression and ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Human sulfite oxidase R160Q: Identification of the mutation in a sulfite oxidase-deficient patient and expression and characterization of the mutant enzyme -- Garrett et al.
		The mutation in the sulfite oxidase gene responsible
		Sulfite oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate, the terminal reaction in the oxidative degradation pathway
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/95/11/6394 (3499 words)

	Analytical Method: Sulfite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sodium sulfite is the most common form of sulfite and is an excellent reducing agent with applications as an oxygen scavenger, in photographic developers, as a bleach in the textile, pulp and paper industries, and as a preservative in foods and beverages.
		Sulfite concentrations in boiler and process waters must be monitored routinely to avoid overtreatment.
		Sulfite is titrated with iodide-iodate titrant in an acid solution using a starch indicator.
	www.chemetrics.com /analytes/sulfite.html (155 words)

	Series A15/66 Residual Sulfite Monitor for Water Quality from Analytical Technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sulfite measurement is dechlorinated effluent has frequently been lagued by fouling problems.
		A15/66 Sulfite Monitors consist of two separate components, a chemistry module where the sample conditioned properly to make measurement and an electronic readout module containing the sulfite concentration display, analog output and alarm contacts.
		Sulfite monitoring systems are extremely easy to operate and maintain, with acid usage limited to one gallon every 40 days at standard flow rates.
	www.afcintl.com /residualsulfite.html (887 words)

	Sulfite, Food Resource [http://food.oregonstate.edu/], Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
		According to John P. Modern in his paper Technical Aspects of Use of Sulfiting Agents in Food, sulfiting agents is a term applied by food scientists to a group of chemical additives that are used as preservatives.
		Salts of sulfurous acid such as sodium sulfite, potassium sulfite, bisulfite and metasulfite are used in processed foods as antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, inhibitor of enzymatic and non-enzymatic browning reactions, and as a bleaching agent.(Kim, 1995).
		In 1986 the FDA prohibited the use of sulfites in maintaining color and crispness of fruits and vegetables meant to be eaten raw.
	food.oregonstate.edu /c/sulfite.html (709 words)

	Meals For You: Food Allergies: Sulfite Sensitivity
		Sulfiting agents are commonly used to preserve the color of foods, such as dried fruits and vegetables, and to inhibit the growth of microorganisms in fermented foods, like wine.
		Although sulfites are safe for the majority of people, for some, they have been found to cause a reaction.
		For this reason, the FDA requires that when sulfites are added to foods in greater than 10 parts/million (or, 10 sulfite molecules per million molecules) they must be indicated on the label.
	www.mealsforyou.com /cgi-bin/tips?tipID.660 (197 words)

	Sulfite Strategy
		Foods that sometimes contain sulfites in lesser amounts are mashed potatoes made from dry powder, pickles in a jar, shrimp, cookies, crackers, beet sugar, and pie dough.
		Sulfite Oxidase converts sulfites to sulfates, which are not harmful.
		If one's sulfite level is greater than 10 ppm, they probably have a sulfite problem, in which case, it is recommended that they discuss this with a Doc that is familiar with Sulfites.
	www.beatcfsandfms.org /html/Sulfides.html (933 words)

	Roth Pump - Sodium Sulfite Vs. Deaerator
		The removal of dissolved oxygen from a steam system is primarily accomplished by adding an oxygen scavenger to the feedwater, installing a deaerator, or using both.
		Oxygen scavengers used are Hydrazine and sodium sulfite.
		Theoretically, 7.88 ppm of sodium sulfite is required to remove 1 ppm of dissolved oxygen.
	www.rothpump.com /CHEMCALC2.htm (215 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sodium sulfite is a moderately strong reducing agent yielding sodium sulfate upon oxidation.
		Sodium sulfite is soluble in alcohol, acetone, liquid chlorine and ammonia.
		Sodium sulfite is stable in dry air, even at 100 °C, but in moist air it is rapidly oxidized.
	www.genchemcorp.com /products/sodiumsulfite.shtml (304 words)

	Elevated Levels of Serum Sulfite in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure -- KAJIYAMA et al. 11 (5): 923 -- Journal of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The equations of linear regression are sulfite (mM) = 0.146 + 0.668
		is a congenital disease of sulfite oxidase deficiency (4,13,14).
		Garrett RM, Johnson JL, Graf TN, Feigenbaum A, Rajagopalan KV: Human sulfite oxidase R160Q: Identification of the mutation in a sulfite oxidase-deficient patient and expression and characterization of the mutant enzyme.
	www.jasn.org /cgi/content/full/11/5/923 (2763 words)

	IngentaConnect Sulfite oxidation by iron-grown cells of Thiobacillus ferrooxidan... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sulfite oxidation by iron-grown cells of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans at pH 3 possibly involves free radicals, iron, and cytochrome oxidase
		Thiobacillus ferrooxidans cells grown on ferrous iron oxidized sulfite to sulfate at pH 3, possibly by a free radical mechanism involving iron and cytochrome oxidase.
		It is proposed that sulfite is oxidized by a free radical mechanism initiated by Fe on the cell surface of T.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/nrc/cjm/2001/00000047/00000005/art00008 (419 words)

	Multiple Lateral Transfers of Dissimilatory Sulfite Reductase Genes between Major Lineages of Sulfate-Reducing ...
		The dissimilatory sulfite reductases of Allochromatium vinosum and Pyrobaculum islandicum were excluded from the analysis since they likely are members of different enzyme families (9, 22).
		Sulfite reductase structure at 1.6 A: evolution and catalysis for reduction of inorganic anions.
		Dissimilatory sulfite reductase from Archaeglobus profundus and Desulfotomaculum thermocisternum: phylogenetic and structural implications from gene sequences.
	jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/183/20/6028 (4453 words)

	Effects of Sulfite on the Uptake and Binding of Benzo[a]pyrene Diol Epoxide in Cultured Murine Respiratory ...
		We examined the kinetics of anti-BPDE uptake and the effects of sulfite on this process using 0.1 µM for the diol epoxide and 1 mM for sulfite.
		The net nuclear localization of diol epoxide-derived materials in the presence of 1 mM sulfite was indistinguishable from the extent of net localization observed with the diol epoxide alone during the first 60 min of incubation.
		A distinct enhancement of nuclear localization was elicited by sulfite at the later time points: the labeling of nuclei was increased by 31% at 120 min and by 88% at 240 min relative to the levels observed in the absence of sulfite.
	ehp.niehs.nih.gov /members/1994/102-2/green-full.html (4112 words)

	Role of sulfite additives in wine induced asthma: single dose and cumulative dose studies -- Vally and Thompson 56 ...
		The characteristics of the subjects screened for this study are summarised in table 1.
		All patients recruited into this study were unresponsive to challenge with sulfite free wine.
		underlying sulfite additive induced asthma are poorly understood,
	thorax.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/56/10/763 (3452 words)

	Analysis of Reductant Supply Systems for Ferredoxin-Dependent Sulfite Reductase in Photosynthetic and Nonphotosynthetic ...
		Sulfite reductase (SiR) catalyzes the reduction of sulfite to sulfide in chloroplasts and root plastids using ferredoxin (Fd)
		sulfite reduction was used as shown in Figure 4.
		Arb CV, Brunold C (1983) Measurement of ferredoxin-depedent sulfite reductase activity in crude extracts from leaves using O-acetyl-L-serine sulfhydrylase in a coupled assay system to measure the sulfide formed.
	www.plantphysiol.org /cgi/content/full/122/3/887 (4622 words)

	The Facts About Sulfites in Homemade Wine
		Without the use of sulfites you have to be terrifically careful to keep all of your equipment very sanitary and you still have to drink your wine up as quickly as possible before it spoils.
		They insisted on the use of sulfites because the treated wines were the only ones that survived a long sea voyage without spoiling.
		The upshot of sulfite use is this: without sulfites you'd have to be very careful to keep all of your equipment sanitary and you'd still have to drink your wine quickly, before it spoiled, probably within one or two months.
	www.leeners.com /winemaking02.html (854 words)

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