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Topic: Sullivan Expedition

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	The Ultimate Sullivan Expedition - American History Information Guide and Reference
		The Sullivan Expedition, also known as the Sullivan-Clinton Expedition, was a campaign led by Major General John Sullivan and General James Clinton against Loyalists ("Tories") and the four nations of the Iroquois who had sided with the British in the American Revolutionary War.
		The expedition occurred during the summer of 1779 and only had one major battle, at Newtown along the Chemung River in western New York, in which the Tories and Iroquois were decisively defeated.
		Sullivan's army then carried out a scorched earth campaign, methodically destroying at least forty Iroquois villages throughout what is now upstate New York, in retaliation for Indian and Tory attacks against American settlements earlier in the war.
	www.historymania.com /american_history/Sullivan_Expedition (998 words)

	Sullivan Expedition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sullivan Expedition, also known as the Sullivan-Clinton Expedition, was a campaign led by Major General John Sullivan and General James Clinton against Loyalists ("Tories") and the four nations of the Iroquois who had sided with the British in the American Revolutionary War.
		The expedition occurred during the summer of 1779 and only had one major battle, at Newtown along the Chemung River in western New York, in which the Tories and Iroquois were decisively defeated.
		Sullivan's army then carried out a scorched earth campaign, methodically destroying at least forty Iroquois villages throughout what is now upstate New York, in retaliation for Iroquois and Tory attacks against American settlements earlier in the war.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sullivan_Expedition (1092 words)

	Marine Projects, PADI Advanced Course for Volunteers in Mexico
		Expedition members must be able to pass a medical examination to prove they are physically fit to dive, although there are also limited opportunities for Expedition members to attend as non diving Expedition members if circumstances dictate.
		The expedition base is situated at the field research centre of the State University of Quintana Roo by the tranquil Mayan village of Mahahual, just south of the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve (Mayan for “where the sky is born”).
		Expedition members are accommodated in a dormitory room, or camping facilities for those who prefer, with freshwater showers several times a week, views of the ocean, an outdoor kitchen, a main socialising area and hammocks.
	www.gvi.co.uk /pages/projectDetail.asp?expedition=67 (825 words)

	Amelia Earhart's Grave Found?
		The Tinian Expedition will begin an archeological excavation on Friday, November 12 on the island of Tinian as they try to confirm that a site they discovered a year ago is, indeed, the final resting place of Amelia Earhart and her navigator, Fred Noonan.
		One of the callers to the program, Jennings Bunn, was at the time, managing a U.S. Navy maritime museum and told Sullivan he had learned of a letter sent to the Governor of Guam and military authorities by a friend of 81 year old World War II veteran, John Naftel.
		Sullivan and Silvers, with the help of University of Guam professor Dirk Ballendorf, prepared for aerial surveys by studying maps and charts at the UOG to verify Naftel's information.
	www.rense.com /general59/amelia.htm (504 words)

	The 1779 Sullivan Campaign
		Sullivan replied, in compliance to his orders, that the Cayugas had participated in frontier attacks, and while he appreciated their pledge of friendship, it was too late.
		Unaware of Sullivan's progress, Washington had repeated the "the necessity of pushing the Indians to the greatest practible distance from their own settlements, and our own settlements, and our own frontiers," to throw "them wholly on the British enemy."57 By the time Washington penned these orders, the army had already completed its mission.
		Although the expedition devastated the Iroquois crops and towns and left them on the mercy of the British for the winter, one officer noted "The nests are destroyed, but the birds are still on the wing."58 The Iroquois continued their devastating raids throughout the war, but the war broke the Iroquois Confederacy's power.
	www.earlyamerica.com /review/1998/sullivan.html (5082 words)

	Earhart - Latest On-Scene Report!
		Hours ago, the man who inspired the Tinian Earhart Expedition, Saint John Naftel, arrived on Tinian to verify, along with about 20 others, that the spot that he was shown 60 years ago is indeed the final resting place of the famed woman aviator, Amelia Earhart and her navigator, Fred Noonan.
		At one point, Jim Sullivan, expedition member, was checking his email while he had two phones glued to his ears as he spoke with both Silvers and Joe Edhlund at the same time while Dr. Tom King was put on call waiting.
		Expedition members were settling into the Meitetsu Fleming hotel in San Jose, where they will have to eat in shifts for the next four days and, if they can, get some rest amid all the excitement.
	www.rense.com /general59/scene.htm (1088 words)

	48th OVVI - Parker vs. Sullivan - The War Between the Colonels
		Shiloh began April 6 and put a temporary end to the feud because Col. Sullivan, who was cited by Gen. Sherman for his bravery, was wounded by a musket ball which passed through his right forearm, fractured the radius and severed nerves and muscles producing partial paralysis.
		The official reports recognize Col. Sullivan's bravery and the Cincinnati Gazette hailed both as heros stating "It was on Monday, during that terrible contest, that Col. Sullivan, while bravely rallying his Regiment, was wounded and borne from the field,...
		As the regimental history says, "Col. Sullivan had been appointed president of a military board, and was left behind." Col. Sullivan was in his element working as a lawyer on the board where he made a very good impression on Gen.
	www.48ovvi.org /oh48warcols.html (3027 words)

	The Sullivan-Clinton Campaign: History, The Iroquois & George Washington
		The Sullivan-Clinton Campaign of 1779 was the largest expedition ever before mounted against the Indians of North America.
		According to Sullivan’s Official Report, the army burned 40 towns and their surrounding fields; consuming at least 160,000 bushels of corn, “with a vast quantity of vegetables of every kind.” A study (1969) by Anthony Wallace concluded that the Campaign destroyed 500 dwellings and nearly 1 million bushels of corn.
		Hence in The Sullivan Clinton Expedition an inland empire was the stake for which Washington was playing and not merely the punishment of dusky foes on our border.
	sullivanclinton.com (2019 words)

	SeacoastNH.com - Gen. John Sullivan
		Sullivan joined the Seacoast NH uprising at Fort William and Mary in 1774, then served in a number of failed battles.
		Sullivan's March, as it was called, devastated Indian populations there as his troops destroyed all native housing and crops.
		Sullivan was among the early revolutionaries at the first shots (not) heard round the world in December 1774.
	seacoastnh.com /Famous_People/Link_Free_or_Die/Gen._John_Sullivan (966 words)

	Tucson Weekly : Currents : The life of Timothy H. O'Sullivan
		Not only was O'Sullivan one of the most intrepid and successful of the U.S. government expedition photographers who roamed the West under appalling conditions in the late 1860s and 1870s, he was one of the best of the Civil War photographers.
		O'Sullivan's second expedition employer, George Wheeler, "was just interested in knowing what kind of fuss the Indians would put up," Klett says, and the photographs were used to grease the wheels of Manifest Destiny.
		At the end of the expedition, he went back to Shoshone Falls in Idaho, to make what would be his last images of the West.
	www.tucsonweekly.com /gbase/Currents/Content?oid=oid:46701 (3890 words)

	Selin's Rifle Company History
		In 1929 he spoke on the Sullivan Expedition at the N. State Historical Association's annual meeting in Elmira, N.Y. In 1943 he published "The Sullivan Expedition of 1779-Contemporary Newspaper Comments", and in 1965 Prof.
		On Sunday, August 28, Sullivan's army engaged the Indians and Tories in what was to be the major battle of the Sullivan Expedtion.
		Sullivan's men were able to successfully drive them from their position, and into retreating northward.
	www.captainselinscompany.org /selinhistory.html (5303 words)

	Rhode Island news \| Rhode Island news \| projo.com \| The Providence Journal
		While Washington was considering the expedition to the north, Greene wrote to his cousin, Griffin: It may not be amiss for you to lodge some good liquors at Albany in the course of the Winter; this is a secret hint.
		Sullivan did not reach Seneca territory in time to destroy their corn when half-grown, but destroy he did.
		Sullivan had dragged artillery through the footpaths of Iroquois country, and his firepower grossly overmatched anything else on the frontier.
	www.projo.com /news/content/projo_20060626_nglive30.181c420.html (1602 words)

	H-Net Review: Charles C. Kolb on Seeds of Empire: The American Revolutionary Conquest of the Iroquois
		Sullivan leveled 32 Indian villages and destroyed 160,000 bushels of corn, but his overly cautious nature, demands for overwhelming numbers of troops and extraordinary amounts of supplies, lack of field reports, and his braggadocio did not sit well with Washington, who sent Sullivan a one sentence congratulatory letter.
		Sullivan's scorched-earth offensive in Iroquoia served as a catalyst to rally the Iroquois to the British cause, particularly because the British were able to maintain their Indian allies during the harsh winter.
		Therefore, he concludes that Sullivan was not to blame and stresses that the failure to take Niagara was the fault of the ultimate commander, George Washington.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=32079949068186 (2672 words)

	The Sullivan Campaign: A Bibliography
		The happiest recent development in the historiography of the Sullivan Campaign has been the appearance of works which do justice to the predicament and the tragedy of the Iroquois in the era of the American Revolution.
		Sullivan's Indian Expedition, from 1778 to 1780, by Tjerck Beekman, Lieutenant in the Second New York Continental Regiment." Edited by James R. Gibson, Jr.
		A Bicentennial Remembrance of the Sullivan-Clinton Expedition, 1779, in Pennsylvania and New York.
	www.lib.rochester.edu /index.cfm?PAGE=3568 (4510 words)

	High winds cause tree to fall on SUV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ryan Sullivan, a finance senior, said he was resting when he got the call about 4 p.m.
		Confused, Sullivan said he asked the person on the other end of the phone line to repeat her previous statement.
		Sullivan said he had the Ford Expedition for a little more than two years.
	www.ocolly.com /read_story.php?a_id=29811 (343 words)

	Star-Gazette.COM News Extra - Battle of Newtown 225th anniversary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sullivan's Monument, left, is a tribute to Maj. Gen.
		The purpose of the expedition - as assigned by Gen. George Washington - was:
		John Sullivan and the American Revolutionary Army" by Thomas C. Amory and "Against the Iroquois: The Sullivan Campaign of 1779 in New York State" by Fon Wyman Boardman as well as diary accounts of the action.
	www.stargazettenews.com /newsextra/newtown/082704_main.html (933 words)

	Star-Gazette.COM News Extra - Battle of Newtown 225th anniversary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		John Sullivan was issued these orders by Gen. George Washington on May 26, 1779, to cooperate with Brig.
		The supplies and re-enforcements Sullivan expects to find are unavailable, leading to a six-week delay that almost cripples the expedition.
		By 6 p.m., Sullivan is in control of the battlefield and campaign is nearly settled.
	www.stargazettenews.com /newsextra/newtown/timeline.html (883 words)

	Ames Exhibit
		Between 1867 and 1879, when the U. Geological Survey was established, four major expeditions set out to complete the task of surveying the topography, geology and natural resources of the west and it was their combined accomplishment that made possible large-scale Western settlement.
		The seven volumes of the King expedition Report, which documented the exploration of a 100 mile wide strip along the 40th parallel from eastern Colorado to California, set the standard for the other three "Great Surveys," as the four came to be known.
		Wheeler's idea was accepted and he was put in charge of an expedition whose initial objective was the topographic mapping of all those vast and little known areas that remained unexplored to the west of the 100th meridian, an area comprising deserts, mountains, high plateaux and increasingly hostile Indians.
	www.brown.edu /Facilities/University_Library/exhibits/ames/expand.html (1903 words)

	Timeline for 1779
		The Penobscot Expedition, as this force was known, sailed from Boston in July.
		General John Sullivan led the campaign with General James Clinton, the brother of New York Governor George Clinton, as second in command.
		In his report to General Washington and the Continental Congress, Sullivan stated there was “not a single village left in the country of the five nations.” He claimed to have destroyed forty villages, 160,000 bushels of corn, as well as numerous other crops and orchards.
	threerivershms.com /timeline1779.htm (1792 words)

	Indians and the American Revolution
		The raids led to a massive counter offensive planned by George Washington and commanded by General John Sullivan which entered the Iroquois homeland and applied a scorched earth policy to the villages and cornfields which the Indians had prudently abandoned.
		Journals of the Military Expedition of Major General John Sullivan Against the Six Nations of Indians in 1779 with Records of Centennial Celebrations.
		"The Expedition of Col. Thomas Hartley Against the Indians in 1778, to avenge the Massacre of Wyoming." Proceedings and Collections of the Wyoming Historical and Geological Society, 9 (1905), pp.
	www.americanrevolution.org /ind1.html (6539 words)

	[No title]
		If the horses are not in proper order the expedition which has already cost so much money, and is so essentially necessary for the quiet of the frontiers, will of course terminate in nothing.
		He is therefore under the necessity of ordering that the Commanding Officer of Corps do not suffer the public horses to be made use of by any person under their respective commands except such officers as are allowed the use of horses by a General Resolution.
		The brigadier and field officers of the day, will give every necessary direction for having things in proper readiness for the army to move early on Saturday morning, they will also give directions for such guard as are necessary to secure the boats and their loading.
	ftp.rootsweb.com /pub/usgenweb/pa/1pa/military/revwar/6-14sullivan.txt (10721 words)

	The FReeper Foxhole Profiles General John Sullivan & the Sullivan Campaign of 1779 - Jan. 17th, 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In 1772 Sullivan was appointed a major in the New Hampshire colonial militia, and in 1774 he went as a delegate to the Philadelphia (PA) meeting of the First Congregational Congress.
		Sullivan practiced a "scorched earth" policy, burning the countryside in a successful campaign that concluded at Elmira, New York; but his health deteriorated and he resigned from the army, November 30, 1779.
		Although the expedition devastated the Iroquois crops and towns and left them on the mercy of the British for the winter, one officer noted "The nests are destroyed, but the birds are still on the wing." The Iroquois continued their devastating raids throughout the war, but the war broke the Iroquois Confederacy's power.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-vetscor/1322211/posts (8822 words)

	History of Delaware County by Jay Gould - Chapter V
		And what rendered their situation still more precarious, was the fact that the valley in which they lived, was, during the Revolutionary war, a principal thoroughfare by which warlike parties traversed their way to the Schoharie settlements on missions of plunder and destruction.
		These expeditions were usually accompanied by tories, who were the more unprincipled of the two, and much more given to plundering from those they knew or even suspected guilty of the crime called "Democracy;"
		General Sullivan, who commanded the southern division, marched from the Hudson through Warwarsing, in Ulster County, crossing the Delaware, and following it down to Easton, and from thence, by a tedious route across the mountains, to Wyoming, then a desolate and deserted place.
	www.dcnyhistory.org /books/gould5.html (6086 words)

	Brohead's Expedition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The 1779 Brodhead Expedition didn't get the same kind of press as Sullivan's march, but it had the effect of clearing the hostile Seneca out of northwerstern Pennsylvania.
		Information on this campaign is a bit more difficult to get than on Sullivan's expedition, but it's out there if you look for it.
		In response, the Continental Army mounted a punitive expedition in 1779, during which a detachment of troops under Colonel Daniel Brodhead defeated a small force of Seneca warriors at Thompson's Island.
	members.tripod.com /whitehead_k/brodhead.html (353 words)

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