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Topic: Sulphur dioxide

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Sulfur dioxide

Sulfur

Ostwald process

Sulfur trioxide

Nitrogen dioxide

Flue gas desulfurisation

Nitrogen monoxide

1960 Summer Paralympics

Oxygen

Chemical formula

Gypsum

Magnox

Acid rain

Classical mechanics

	Sulphur - LoveToKnow 1911
		Free sulphur may also result from the decomposition of pyrites, as in pyritic shales and lignites, or from the alteration of galena: thus crystals of sulphur occur, with anglesite, in cavities in galena at Monteponi near Iglesias in Sardinia; whilst the pyrites of Rio Tinto in Spain sometimes yield sulphur on weathering.
		Sulphur chloride, S2C12, is obtained as a by-product in the manufacture of carbon tetrachloride from carbon bisulphide and chlorine, and may also be prepared on the small scale by distilling sulphur in a chlorine gas, or by the action of sulphur on sulphuryl chloride in the presence of aluminium chloride (0.
		Sulphur and sulphur waters such as those of Harrogate, Aix-la-Chapelle and Aix-les-Bains, have a powerful effect in congested conditions of the liver and intestines, haemorrhoids, gout and gravel.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Sulphur (6593 words)

	Sulphur Dioxide
		Sulphur dioxide (SO) is a colourless, nonflammable gas with a penetrating odour that irritates the eyes and air passages.
		The health effects of sulphur dioxide pollution were exposed graphically during the "Great Smog" of London in 1952.
		Sulphur dioxide pollution is considered more harmful when particulate and other pollution concentrations are high.
	www.ace.mmu.ac.uk /eae/air_quality/older/Sulphur_Dioxide.html (264 words)

	SO2 - Molecule of the Month
		Sulphur forms two main oxides; the gas sulphur dioxide (SO) and the liquid sulphur trioxide (SO Sulphur dioxide is a dense colourless gas, which is soluble in water, and has a suffocating and unpleasant smell of burnt matches.
		Sulphur dioxide is an acidic gas and this can easily be demonstrated by adding water and a few drops of universal indicator to a container of the gas.
		Sulphur dioxide is a major component of acid rain since it mixes with water vapour in the atmosphere, reacting to produce sulphuric acid (H
	www.chm.bris.ac.uk /motm/so2/so2h.htm (524 words)

	TEMIS -- Sulphur dioxide (SO2) -- introduction
		Sulphur dioxide reacts on the surface of a variety of airborne solid particles (aerosols), is soluble in water and can be oxidised within airborne water droplets, producing sulphuric acid.
		Changes in the abundance of sulphur dioxide have an impact on atmospheric chemistry and on the radiation field, and hence on the climate.
		Sulphur dioxide plume travelling westward from the Nyamuragira volcano (Democratic Republic of Congo) after its eruption on 1 December 1996, as derived from observations by GOME using an optimal estimation inversion method.
	www.temis.nl /products/so2.html (479 words)

	Sulphur - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta
		Sulphur is in group 16 (or VIa) of the periodic table.
		Sulphur Dioxide, chemical compound of sulphur and oxygen.
		Sulphur dioxide is a colourless gas with a sharp, irritating odour.
	au.encarta.msn.com /Sulphur.html (100 words)

	Sulphur Manual Ch.1
		As a mineral, sulphur appears as a pale yellow, brittle crystalline form, which is known as “native sulphur.” When the element is burned, it produces the familiar smell of sulphur (rotten egg smell).
		Sulphur (Sanskrit, sulvere; Latin, sulphurium) was known to the ancients, being referred to as brimstone in the Bible (Genesis).
		Sulphur dioxide is a cheap and excellent refrigerant, and was once widely used in home refrigerators before it was replaced by the freons.
	www.window.state.tx.us /taxinfo/audit/sulphur/ch1.htm (1063 words)

	SULPHUR OXIDES (SOx)
		Sulphur dioxide is also used in the preparation and preservation of food because it prevents bacterial growth and the browning of fruit.
		Sulphur trioxide is generally emitted with sulphur dioxide at about one to five percent of the sulphur dioxide emission rate.
		Sulphur dioxide is a mojor contributor to acid deposition, which is described in the fact sheet Acid Deposition (Acid Rain).
	dwb.unl.edu /Teacher/NSF/C09/C09Links/www.casahome.org/sulphur.htm (797 words)

	Sulphur Dioxide
		Sulphur dioxide (SO) is a colourless gas, belonging to the family of gases called sulphur oxides (SOx).
		The most important man-made sources of sulphur dioxide are fossil fuel combustion, smelting, manufacture of sulphuric acid, conversion of wood pulp to paper, incineration of refuse and production of elemental sulphur.
		The major health concerns associated with exposure to high concentrations of sulphur dioxide include effects on breathing, respiratory illness, alterations in pulmonary defenses, and aggravation of existing cardiovascular disease.
	www.ace.mmu.ac.uk /eae/Acid_Rain/Older/Sulphur_Dioxide.html (175 words)

	Treatment of gases - Patent 5486345
		The proportion of the gas stream from the sulphur separator that is passed to the reactor is preferably as large as possible having regard to the operating constraints on the furnace.
		The liquid sulphur condensate is separated from the gas mixture in the condenser 14 and is typically passed to a sulphur seal pit (not shown).
		The ratio of hydrogen sulphide to sulphur dioxide in the stream is typically approximately the stoichiometric one of 2:1.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5486345.html (9376 words)

	Sulphur dioxide (SO2) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sulphur dioxide is subject to a series of transformation processes in the atmosphere, as a result of which, sulphurous and sulphuric acids, sulphites and sulphates can be formed.
		Sulphur dioxide affects first and foremost the membrane around the eyes and the upper respiratory tracts, and causes pulmonary illness.
		Sulphur dioxide also plays a particular role in the new forms of forest damage for which evidence is appearing all over the world.
	www.umweltbundesamt.de /uba-info-daten-e/daten-e/sulphur-dioxide.htm (758 words)

	Sulphur Chemistry for 14-16 Year-Olds: By Paul Farren, Loreto College, Coleraine.
		Sulphur is a yellow solid; it is a typical non-metal and is found in Group VII of the Periodic Table.
		When diluting concentrated sulphuric acid never add water directly to the acid because a lot of heat will be generated in the small volume of acid making water boil and splash out of the container bringing a shower of concentrated acid.
		In the contact process, a mixture of sulphur dioxide and air is passed into a converter in which there are four layers of the catalyst.
	www.lcc.ukf.net /chem/sulphur.htm (655 words)

	Sulphur
		Sulphur is found near volcanoes, where it is formed by the reaction of sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide which are associated with the volcanoes.
		Sulphur is separated from the minerals in its ores by heating, when the liquid sulphur drains from the ore body.
		Sulphur is extracted from underground ore bodies in the United States using the Frasch Process, where superheated water is pumped underground to melt the sulphur which is then forces to the surface.
	www.ucc.ie /academic/chem/dolchem/html/elem/elem016.html (554 words)

	Chemistry : Periodic Table : sulphur : key information
		Sulphur is found in meteorites, volcanoes, hot springs, and as galena, gypsum, Epsom salts, and barite.
		Sulphur dioxide is a dangerous component in atmospheric air pollution and is one of the factors responsible for acid rain.
		In the Frasch process underground deposits of sulphur are forced to the surface using superheated water and steam (160°C, 16 atmospheres, to melt the sulphur) and compressed air (25 atmospheres).
	www.webelements.com /webelements/elements/text/S/key.html (554 words)

	State of the Environment - Air Indicators
		Sulphur dioxide (SO) is a compound formed when fossil fuels, such as coal and natural gas, are burned.
		Sulphur dioxide is a key contributor to acid deposition, including acid rain.
		When acidic substances like sulphur dioxide are deposited on the earth's surface, they may change the chemical properties of the soil or water.
	www3.gov.ab.ca /env/soe/air_indicators/7_sulphurdioxide.html (497 words)

	Sulphur and its Compounds
		Sulphur is a non-metallic element which exists in different crystal forms known as allotropes.
		Sulphur dioxide has a boiling point of -10.0 ºC at a pressure of 101 kPa, and a melting point of -75.5 ºC. The molecule is planar, with the sulphur atom attached to two oxygen atoms, making an angle of 119º.
		Step 1: Melted sulphur is burned in a furnace, using air, producing sulphur dioxide, SO Step 2: The SO gas is passed through a tower called a precipitator in order to remove dust and other impurities which might interfere with the catalyst.
	www.physchem.co.za /Inorganic/Sulphur.htm (1078 words)

	Sulfur dioxide - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sulfur dioxide (also sulphur dioxide) is the chemical compound with the formula SO This important gas is the main product from the combustion of sulfur compounds and is of significant environmental concern.
		Sulfur dioxide is sometimes used as a preservative in alcoholic drinks, or dried apricots and other dried fruits due to its antimicrobial properties.
		According to Claude Ribbe in The Crime of Napoleon, sulfur dioxide gas was used as an execution poison by the French emperor to suppress a slave revolt in Haiti early in the 19th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sulfur_dioxide (702 words)

	ATSDR - ToxFAQs™: Sulfur Dioxide
		Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas with a pungent odor.
		Sulfur dioxide in the air comes mainly from activities such as the burning of coal and oil at power plants or from copper smelting.
		Children who live in or near heavily industrialized areas where sulfur dioxide occurs may experience difficulty breathing, changes in the ability to breathe deeply, and burning of the nose and throat It is not known whether children are more vulnerable to these effects than adults.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /tfacts116.html (1090 words)

	Sulphur dioxide poisoning in pets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sulphur dioxide is a preservative used in pre packaged pet meats and fish to give the product a longer life.
		Sulphur dioxide neutralizes the odour of meat and also improves the color to create the impression of freshness.
		Sulphur dioxide toxicity causes thiamine deficiency, thiamine is an essential vitamin which dogs and cats can not survive without, vitamin B deficiency can effect brain function and cause brain damage.
	www.vetstop.com /articles/sulphur_dioxide_poisoning.htm (312 words)

	ESA Portal - Sulphur dioxide levels fall sharply near Etna
		Sulphur dioxide is one of the chief gases responsible for acid rain, the phenomenon that reduces atmospheric visibility and causes damage to forests, soils, fish and other creatures, materials and human health.
		The University of Bremen analysis of sulphur dioxide levels around Etna on 10 November found the concentrations as high as 3.3 Dobson Units, or DUs, a standard measure of gas concentration in the atmosphere.
		According to Richter, the largest sulphur dioxide value measured in the last two weeks around El Reventador was 10 DU, the same as Etna's, but the high concentrations were observed on more occasions.
	www.esa.int /export/esaCP/ESAIRB7708D_index_0.html (724 words)

	Sulphur
		Sulphur is one of the chalcogenides, or "ore-formers," oxygen O, sulphur S, selenium Se and tellurium Te, that occupy column VIA of the periodic table.
		In this reaction, the sulphur is oxidized from -2 to +4.
		The solution of the paradox is that the sulphur atoms have different formal charges even in the same ion, and the sesquioxide is an oxidized version of the tetrathioniate, in which two sulphurs have gone from +4 to +6, and the structure has changed from argononic to transargononic.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/phys/sulphur.htm (6625 words)

	Sulphur Dioxide - Harlow Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sulphur Dioxide is emitted during combustion when sulphur is present in the fuel.
		Coal petrol and oil contain significant amounts of sulphur, although the amount varies depending on where the coal or crude oil comes from and how the fuel is processed.
		The amount of sulphur in transport fuels is low in comparison to coal and heavy oils used in the power industry, and 67% of emissions came from public power generation in 1995, mostly from coal fired power stations.
	www.harlow.gov.uk /content-7562 (333 words)

	Sampling for sulfur dioxide
		For sulphur dioxide (SO), nitrogen dioxide (NO)and other acidic gases a sample transport line with a core tube of PTFE is preferable as this will not react with the aggressive gases in the sample line.
		As the graph above shows, sulfur dioxide has a marked effect on the dewpoint of the gas, which is not only relevant for the measurement, but also places a lower limit on the temperature of the flue gas when it exits the stack.
		Measuring the concentration of sulfur dioxide to ascertain the dewpoint accurately is one of the important uses for the flue gas analyzer.
	www.habmigern2003.info /171_sulfur-dioxide.html (630 words)

	Sulphur dioxide
		The largest emission source of sulphur dioxide in Canada is smelting of metal concentrates, which contributed 50% of total eastern Canadian sulphur dioxide in 1994.
		Reductions have been achieved by a combination of installing new equipment to capture sulphur dioxide for the manufacture of sulphuric acid, upgrading existing equipment for sulphur dioxide recovery, and metallurgical changes to the milling and smelting processes (E. Gardiner, Mining Association of Canada, personal communication).
		This technology reduced sulphur dioxide emissions from the zinc plant by recovering sulphur as a solid waste.
	www.ec.gc.ca /soer-ree/English/SOER/1996report/Doc/1-7-4-7-6-4-2-1.cfm (799 words)

	SO2 by Ben Rotter @ Improved Winemaking (http://members.tripod.com/~BRotter/)
		Sulphur dioxide is a natural by-product of yeast during fermentation [Zang and Franzen, 1966].
		Dry sulphur dioxide (in the metabisulphite form, or otherwise) is sensitive to high temperatures and humidity.
		Sulphur wicks or rings are usually comprised of cellulose coated sulphur or a mineral (aluminium or calcium silicate) mixed with sulphur.
	www.brsquared.org /wine/Articles/SO2/SO2.htm (14884 words)

	Innovations: Trapping Sulphur
		Thanks to its inherently low sulphur emissions and low operating costs, flash technology is gaining ground as the smelting industry keeps reducing emissions and increasing capacity.
		The sulphur is released in the form of sulphur dioxide, the amount of which is more than double that of metallic copper.
		Sulphur fixation is 99.9%, which makes the Kennecott copper smelter the cleanest in the world.
	www.copper.org /innovations/1998/06/outokumpu.html (1100 words)

	Survey of sulphur dioxide in soft drinks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Sulphur dioxide is widely used as a preservative.
		Sulphur dioxide can trigger an attack at low levels in some people with asthma, but they can avoid foods containing sulphites by checking the label.
		The findings will be used with the results of this survey to find out how much sulphur dioxide is being consumed and to decide whether the limits allowed in food need to be changed.
	www.news-medical.net /?id=1659 (384 words)

	SULPHUR DIOXIDE (S02)
		Sulphur dioxide (SO2) is the pollutant primarily associated with acid rain.
		Gaseous at normal temperature and pressure it dissolves in water and readily oxidises to sulphuric acid.
		The monitoring station records the levels of SULPHUR DIOXIDE (S02) at 15 minute intervals, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
	www.basildon.gov.uk /80256b7a003be9ee/vweb/pcapsy5thf57 (250 words)

	Monitoring sulphur dioxide
		Sulphur dioxide is monitored using an automatic ultra-violet fluorescence analyser.
		The concentration of sulphur dioxide is calculated by measuring the fluorescent radiation energy produced when the sulphur dioxide molecules are bombarded by UV radiation.
		There has been a steady downward decline in annual mean concentrations of sulphur dioxide since the 1980's, this has levelled out in more recent years.
	www.rbkc.gov.uk /environmentalservices/airquality/sulphur.asp (154 words)

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