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Topic: Sultan Selim

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	Selim II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Selim II (May 28, 1524 – December 12, 1574) (Arabic: سليم الثاني) was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1566 until his death.
		Against Russia Selim was less fortunate, and the first encounter between the Ottoman Empire and her future northern rival gave presage of disaster to come.
		Kinross also says that Selim's reputation for drunkenness was solidified in his decision to invade Cyprus rather than supporting the Morisco Revolt in Grenada as well as in the manner of his death; Selim died after a period of fever brought on when he drunkenly slipped over on the wet floor of an unfinished bath-house.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Selim_II (433 words)

	Murad III - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Murad III was the eldest son of sultan Selim II (1566–74) and valide sultan Nur-Banu (née Cecilia Venier-Baffo) and succeeded his father in 1574.
		The power had only been maintained under Selim II by the genius of the all-powerful grand vizier Mehmed Sokollu who remained in office until his assassination in October 1579.
		The reign of Murad III was marked by wars with Iran and Austria and Ottoman economic decline and institutional decay.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Murad_III (151 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Selim III (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Selim III SELIM III [Selim III] 1761-1808, Ottoman sultan (1789-1807), nephew and successor of Abd al-Hamid I to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey).
		Selim II SELIM II [Selim II] (Selim the Drunkard), c.1524-1574, Ottoman sultan (1566-74), son and successor of Sulayman I.
		Abd al-Hamid I ABD AL-HAMID I [Abd al-Hamid I] or Abdülhamit, 1725-89, Ottoman sultan (1774-89), brother and successor of Mustafa III.
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/11670.html (676 words)

	Janissary
		After the 1380s Sultan Selim I filled their ranks with the results of taxation in human form called devshirmeh[?].
		The sultan’s men would conscript a number of non-Muslim, usually Christian, boys — at first at random, later by strict selection — and take them to be trained.
		Sultan Selim II gave janissaries permission to marry in 1566.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ja/Janissaries.html (1185 words)

	Firman of Sultan Selim I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Radul, the Voivode of Wallachia came to the Sublime Porte during the reign of the Sultan Bayezid II (1481-1512), the father of Selim, and, having an interest in the monastery, petitioned that instead of being tithed each year, the property should pay a single aggregate annual tax of 523 aspers.
		The monks petitioned for the promulgation of a new edict, and Sultan Bayezid issued a firman upholding the levying of a single tax of 523 aspers and strictly prohibiting the exaction of tithes.
		The monks brought this firman to Constantinople and petitioned the Sultan to renew it.
	www.culture.gr /2/21/218/218dn/e218dn5.html (212 words)

	Sultan Selim II - All About Turkey
		Sultan Selim II In the decline of the Ottoman Empire, Selim II (1566-1574) was the son of Süleyman I.
		The sons of the Sultan were expected to participate in government and military training and campaigns; only this period of apprenticeship would make them worthy of the Sultanate.
		Selim II reigned for only eight years, but he set the precedent for Ottoman rule for the next two centuries and the great Empire, the great Caliphate that stood as a lion before the advancing mercantile and military expansion against Europe, slowly crumbled under European pressure.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /selim2.htm (302 words)

	Selim I - Wikipedia Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas berbahasa Indonesia
		Selim I (1465 – 22 September 1520; juga dikenal sebagai "Si Murung" atau "Si Pemberani ", Yavuz dalam bahasa Turki) (bahasa Arab: سليم الأول) adalah sultan dari Turki Utsmani dari 1512 hingga 1520.
		Selim bertekad bahwa ia tidak akan menghadapi masalah-masalah yang sama dengan saudara-saudaranya sendiri.
		Selim bertekad untuk mengadakan perang melawan Persia, yang pemerintahnya, Shah Ismail I mengklaim dirinya juga sebagai Khalifah.
	id.wikipedia.org /wiki/Selim_I (472 words)

	Ottoman Empire History Encyclopedia \| Learn Ottoman Turkish History \| Pictures \| Sound files \| Voice recordings
		Selim's wife, Nur Banu Sultan (Cecilia Baffo-Venier), was a woman of indisputable political acumen -- the second generation (after Hürrem Sultan) of the Reign of Women.
		Selim's reforms alienated many powerful people among the Ottoman elite (especially within the Janissary Corps) -- and despite the stature of the sultan's supporters, their commitment to his 'cause' only ran skin-deep.
		Sultan Selim III ascended to the Ottoman throne (on August 6, 1789) after the death (by natural causes) of Sultan Abdulhamid I.
	www.practicalturkish.com /encyclopedia-s.html (6963 words)

	Selim 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Their father was eventually forced to resign in favour of Selim, to ward off a more destructive conflict where both sons were allying with external rulers.
		As soon as Selim had become sultan, he chose to eliminate all potential claimants to the sultanate but his favourite son Süleyman 1, in order to prevent a new conflict as he had been through.
		The external enemies of the new sultan were the Kizilbash, Safavids and Mamlukes.
	i-cias.com /e.o/s09-selim1.htm (340 words)

	Selim 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Selim's fame is mainly connected to his modernization programme, which sought to end the administrative, social and economic chaos in the empire.
		Selim introduced rules of the administration of the ayan, where they now could be removed if they did not perform according to the rules of the sultan.
		Selim also introduced great reforms to the military, where new personnel were trained and equipped according to European model and with foreign officers as instructors.
	i-cias.com /e.o/s28-selim3.htm (531 words)

	Ottoman Sultans and Their Jewish Subjects
		Sultan Selim had borrowed money from a Jewish banker for his Egyptian campaign, but the banker passed away before payment was due and his minister of finance reported the death to the Sultan adding that there was no need for payment.
		SULTAN MURAD III (Born) 1546 - (Deceased) 1595 CE During the reign of Sultan Murad III, the son of Joseph Amon (killed during the campaign for the conquest of Egypt) Izak Amon was appointed adviser to the divan.
		SULTAN ABDULMECID (Born) 1823 - (Deceased) 1861 CE The declaration of equality for all Ottoman subjects is tarnished by blood libel accusations in Syria and Rhodes.
	www.sephardicstudies.org /sultans1.html (3644 words)

	Sultanate of Adana
		Sultan Selim I died in May of 2001 and was succeeded by his son Bayazid.
		Sultan Mehmet died of natural causes in 2026 and was followed on the throne by his son, Selim II.
		Sultan Selim III is the son of the late Selim II and his favorite wife, Princess Miriam of Israeli.
	www.scromett.com /adana.html (1109 words)

	Ottoman complexes in Istanbul (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It is estimated to have been initiated by Architect Acem Ali in the period of Sultan Selim I and completed by Architect Sinan in the period of Kanuni in 1552.
		Central dome in the main space of the building is supported by half domes in the north and the south and by adding triangular domed sections in varying dimensions in the east and the west, thus, a bright and spacious internal appearance in obtained.
		Sultan Mahmud I had it initiated in 1748 and it was completed by Architect Mustafa Aga and Foreman Simon in 1755 during the period of Osman III.
	www.turizm.net /cities/istanbul/ottomancomplex.html (978 words)

	Selim III. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		1761–1808, Ottoman sultan (1789–1807), nephew and successor of Abd al-Hamid I to the throne of the Ottoman Empire (Turkey).
		An ardent reformer, Selim set out to rebuild the Turkish navy on European lines, to reform the army, and to curb the Janissaries.
		Selim’s well-intentioned and efficient reforms came too late to arrest the decay of the Ottoman Empire.
	www.bartleby.com /65/se/Selim3.html (274 words)

	HISTORICAL ORIGIN OF THE TURKISH-CYPRIOT PEOPLE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		However, Sultan Süleyman I (1520-66), threatened by Venetian fortifications of Cyprus and the piracy in the seas surrounding Cyprus and the eastern Mediterranean, began military preparations towards removing the Venetian lords from Cyprus.
		Therefore, the Sultan Selim II decided to intervene and put an end to this state of affairs, as well as to consolidate the Ottoman control of the East in general.
		Firman (Decree) of Sultan Selim II on the conquest of Cyprus.
	bornova.ege.edu.tr /~ncyprus/tcyorigin.html (990 words)

	Hotels in Turkey \| Hotels in Istanbul \| Blue Voyage Yachting and Cabin Charters \| Ottoman Period
		Sultan Mehmed, the Conqueror had his first palace built in Beyazit, where University of Istanbul stands today, however later on he had Topkapi Palace and the walls surrounding it built in 1462-1478 and left his first palace to move in the greater new one.
		When Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent died in Zigetvar in 1566 while he was away on command of his army for the 13th time, his corpse body was brought to Istanbul and buried in a monument-tomb, built by Mimar Sinan besides Süleymaniye Mosque, to rest in peace.
		When Sultan Mehmed III died in 1603, he was buried in a monument-tomb built by Dalgiç Ahmet Aga at the St. Sophia Church in 1608 and his son Ahmed I (1603-1617) became the sultan.
	www.exploreturkey.com /exptur.phtml?id=31 (2191 words)

	OTTOMAN WEB SITE - 700th Anniversary of the OTTOMAN EMPIRE
		Sultan Selim III was born in Istanbul, on 24
		His father Sultan Mustafa III was very influenced by the oracles and as they told his son Selim will a world-conqueror he organised a feast lasted seven days with great joy.
		Sultan Selim III was very fond of literature and calligraphy; many of his works were put on the walls of mosques and convents.
	www.osmanli700.gen.tr /english/sultans/28biography.html (285 words)

	Selim, III Biography / Biography of Selim, III Biography
		Selim III (1761-1808), the twenty-eighth Ottoman sultan, was a late-18th-century reformer who sought to end the stagnation and decay weakening the empire.
		Born on Dec. 24, 1761, Selim was the son of Mustafa III and successor to his uncle Abdul Hamid I, who died April 7, 1789.
		Selim initially devoted himself to prosecuting the 2-year-old Austro-Russian War, an outgrowth of the first detailed plan to divide the Ottoman Empire, drawn up by Austria and Russia in 1782.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-selim-iii (823 words)

	Franco-Turkish Relationship during First Empire
		Selim also had other grand designs such as the creation of an entirely new military force, the Nizam-i- Cedit (or "new order"), which was to be equipped, clothed, drilled and instructed in a totally European manner with rank to be based on ability.
		Selim was heavily criticized by his subjects for his failure to avoid this.
		The fact was that Selim feared the military and naval power of Britain and Russia who, he reasoned, were far more capable at the time of backing up their wishes with force than was Napoleon.
	www.napoleon-series.org /research/government/diplomatic/c_tufrdip1.html (2818 words)

	MFA-Sultan S’leyman Han, the Lawgiver (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		From Caesar to Napoleon, from Nero to Peter the Mad, of all the emperors, czars, and sultans who ever reigned in Europe, the one who most justifiably prevailed for the longest time and in all his majesty and splendor was Sultan S’leyman Han, the Lawgiver.
		Upon the death of his father, Sultan Selim the Grim, Sultan S’leyman the Lawgiver assumed the throne in 1520.
		Sultan S’leyman the Lawgiver planned to have the Turkish state which he wanted to establish on the European continent located in the region beyond the Danube River.
	www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr /~history/Ext/sultan.html (1372 words)

	:..::. Museum Of Architecture ..:::.:: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Sultan Selim III (1789-1807) was interested in archery and an excellent distance shot.
		After receiving his archery diploma in the same year he became sultan, in 1792 he exceeded the target of Sultan Selim III with a shot of 1012 cubits in a north/northeast wind and erected this stone with a splendid ceremony.
		Sultan Selim III was also a “dîvân” poet, a worthy composer and a good calligrapher.
	www.archmuseum.org /biyografi.asp?id=10081 (130 words)

	Sultan Selim Mosque Istanbul
		The complex is set on a hilltop and was built on the ruins of a Byzantine palace in 1519-1522 at the order of Sultan Süleyman, the Magnificent in memory of his father Yavuz Sultan Selim.
		The enclosed cemetery on the kiblah, or Mecca, side of the mosque contains of the remains of Yavuz Sultan Selim, the heirs of Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent who died at a young age, his daughters and three tombs belonging to Sultan Abdülmecid.
		Of these, the window shutters, door, and wooden banister of the mausoleum belonging to Yavuz Sultan Selim are masterpieces in mother-of-pearl relief.
	www.istanbulhotelreservations.com /istanbul/mosques/sultanselim.htm (275 words)

	The Ottomans: Origins
		As Caliph, the Sultan was responsible for Islamic orthodoxy.
		In the early history of the Empire, the Sultanate clearly passes from father to eldest son; in 1603, at the death of Ahmed I (1603-1617), the Sultanate passed to the brother of the Sultan.
		Selim I came to the throne by deposing his old father, Bayezid II (1481-1512), who was too old to lead the army against external threats.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/OTTOMAN/ORIGIN.HTM (2272 words)

	[No title]
		As soon as Selim became sultan he called for a mass recruitment of new soldier throughout Anatolia to fight the advancing enemy armies.
		Selim III recalled the reforms of the Tulip Age under Ahmed III and he decided to take advantage of this relatively peaceful time in Ottoman history to institute reforms of him own.
		Selim had the opportunity to European armaments up close during the recent Turco-Russian War and he was determined to rebuild the disorderly Ottoman military along European lines.
	www.stfrancis.edu /hi/webpage/subgroup/4.doc (2060 words)

	The Balkans
		His death was no isolated incident; the Sultan's authority over the Empire's peripheral territories had declined so dramatically in the second half of the eighteenth century that soldiers, governors and landowners had scrambled to fill local power vacuums as they appeared.
		Selim sent a powerful army to besiege Vidin, but just as he appeared to be restoring his grip on domestic affairs and preparing to consolidate his reform programme, Napoleon Bonaparte betrayed him.
		The Sultan was a great admirer of France and its progressive intelligentsia, and had developed a warm relationship with the revolutionary government in the last decade of the eighteenth century to counter the territorial ambitions of Austria and Russia in the Balkans.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/g/glenny-balkans.html (7553 words)

	tarih2-4
		Selim had the opportunity to European armaments up close during the recent Russo-Turkish War and he was determined to rebuild the disorderly Ottoman military along European lines.
		Selim was replaced as sultan by his young cousin Mustafa IV.
		Bayrakdar, with an army of Bosnians and Albanians marched on Istanbul with the intention of restoring Selim III to the throne.
	www.stfrancis.edu /hi/tarih2-4.htm (2005 words)

	Internal Reforms and Modernization Debates
		Selim III ascended to the throne in 1789.
		Selim had at least some training in European thought....He seems to have grasped the low state of the Empire better than had his predecessors....
		His younger brother Mehmet V was named sultan, but real power was obviously in the hands of the officers of the Macedonian army and the CUP.
	www.humanities.ualberta.ca /ottoman/module4/lecture2.htm (2420 words)

	Bacque-Grammont, Eastern Policy of Suleyman
		Selim could thus afford to disregard the emissaries sent by the Shah to beg for peace and to throw them into prison as soon as they turned up.
		This province of Diyarbakir was governed by Biyikli Mehmed Pasa, who was in the trust of Sultan Selim and acted as a true proconsul of the eastern marches.
		That Selim could have overlooked such an act of misdemeanour, which was no secret to anybody in Syria, would have been quite inconceivable were it not for a report on the question by Biyikli Mehmed Pasa.
	coursesa.matrix.msu.edu /~fisher/hst373/readings/bacque1.html (3926 words)

	New Page 10 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The force originated in the 14th century; it was abolished (and massacred) by Sultan Mahmud II in 1826.
		The sultan was the supreme commander of the Janissaries but the corp was organized and led by the aga (commander).
		In the aftermath of the Moldavian Magnate Wars (1595–1621) with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Habsburgs, culminating in the battles of Cecora and Ottoman defeat at Khotyn, Sultan Osman II died during the rebellion of janissaries in 1622.
	koz.vianet.ca /boshis67.htm (1303 words)

	ICG - HISTORY AND SIGHTSEEING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Designed by architect Sinan for Nurbanu Valide Sultan, mother of Selim III, this mosque was built in 1570-79 in the Topkapi neighborhood of Üsküdar.
		Sultan Selim's son, it was built by Suleyman the Magnificent, in the Fatih neighborhood in 1522.
		The complex consists of the mosque, the shrine of Sultan Selim I, soup kitchen, university, mental hospital and dining hall.
	www.istanbulcityguide.com /history/body_mosques.htm (1328 words)

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