Sultanate of R - Factbites

Sultanate of R - Factbites
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Topic: Sultanate of R

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	Delhi Sultanate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Perhaps the greatest contribution of the Sultanate was its temporary success in insulating the subcontinent from the potential devastation of the Mongol invasion from Central Asia in the thirteenth century.
		The Delhi Sultanate revived briefly under the Lodhis before it was conquered by the Mughal emperor Babur in 1526.
		Several Turko-Afghan dynasties ruled from Delhi: the Slave dynasty (1206-90), the Khilji dynasty (1290-1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320-1413), the Sayyid dynasty (1414-51), and the Lodi (1451-1526).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Delhi_Sultanate (792 words)

	Ayyubid dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The same process repeated at Al-Adil's death in 1218, and at his son Al-Kamil's death in 1238, but the Ayyubid state as a whole remained fairly strong.
		In 1171, Saladin deposed the last Fatimid Caliph, but he gradually became estranged from his former master.
		The Ayyubid Dynasty was founded by Saladin, who, with his uncle
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ayyubid (792 words)

	Bijapur - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1518, the Bahmani Sultanate split into five splinter states known as the Deccan sultanates, one of which was Bijapur, ruled by the kings of the Adil Shahi dynasty (1490-1686).
		Bijapur District, formerly called Kaladgi district, was established by the British after 1848, when the former princely state of Satara was annexed to the Bombay Presidency, and the district included present-day Bijapur and Bagalkot districts.
		Bijapur City is the capital of the district and is located 530 km northwest of Bangalore.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bijapur (792 words)

	Islamic Empires in India - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bahmani Sultanate adopted the patterns established by the Delhi overlords in tax collection and administration, but its downfall was caused in large measure by the competition and hatred between deccani (domiciled Muslim immigrants and local converts) and paradesi (foreigners or officials in temporary service).
		The Bahmani Sultanate initiated a process of cultural synthesis visible in Hyderabad where cultural flowering is still expressed in vigorous schools of deccani architecture and painting.
		Power in Delhi was often gained by violence -- nineteen of the thirty-five sultans were assassinated -- and was legitimized by reward for tribal loyalty.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Islamic_Empires_in_India (792 words)

	Delhi Sultanate
		Qutb ud-Din, one of his generals proclaimed himself sultan of Delhi and established the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate, the Mamluk Dynasty (mamluk means "slave") in 1211 (however, the Delhi Sultanate is traditionally held to have been founded in 1206).
		Perhaps the greatest contribution of the sultanate was its temporary success in insulating the subcontinent from the potential devastation of the Mongol invasion from Central Asia in the thirteenth century.
		The sultanate suffered from the sacking of Delhi in 1398 by Timur (Tamerlane) but revived briefly under the Lodhis before it was conquered by the Mughals.
	pedia.newsfilter.co.uk /wikipedia/d/de/delhi_sultanate.html (792 words)

	Mamluk. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Mamluk sultans are usually divided into two dynasties, the Bahris (1250–1382), chiefly Turks and Mongols, and the Burjis (1382–1517), chiefly Circassians who were chosen from the garrison of Cairo.
		The Mamluks were defeated by Napoleon I during his invasion of Egypt in 1798, but their power as a class was ended only in 1811 by Muhammad Ali.
		He did not, however, destroy the Mamluks as a class; they kept their lands, and Mamluk governors remained in control of the provinces and were even allowed to keep private armies.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ma/Mamluk.html (792 words)

	Adil Shahi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bijapur sultanate was located in southwestern India, straddling the Western Ghats range of southern Maharashtra and northern Karnataka.
		The Adil Shahis were originally provincial rulers of the Bahmani Sultanate, but with the breakup of the Bahmani state after 1518, Ismail Adil Shah established an independent sultanate, one of the five Deccan sultanates that were the successors to the Bahmani Sultanate.
		Bijapur was conquered by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1686, bringing the sultanate and the dynasty to an end.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Adil_Shahi (792 words)

	DELHI SULTANATE
		DELHI SULTANATE, Muslim kingdom established in northern India by Central Asian Turkish warlords at the turn of the 13th century and continuing in an increasingly persianized milieu until its conquest by Ba@bor (q.v.) in 932/1526.
		Jackson, "The Mongols and the Delhi Sultanate in the Reign of Muhammad Tughluq (1324-1351)," Central Asiatic Journal 19, 1975, pp.
		Wright, The Coinage and Metrology of the Sultans of Delhi, Oxford, 1936.
	www.iranica.com /articles/v7/v7f3/v7f314.html (4397 words)

	Damascus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ayyubid rule (and independence) came to an end with the Mongol invasion of Syria in
		Following the death of Nur ed-Din, it was acquired by Saladin, the ruler of Egypt, who also made it his capital.
		In the years following Saladin's death, there were frequent conflicts between different Ayyubid sultans ruling in Damascus and Cairo.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Damascus (4397 words)

	Chatrapati Shivaji. Who is Chatrapati Shivaji? What is Chatrapati Shivaji? Where is Chatrapati Shivaji? Definition of Chatrapati Shivaji. Meaning of Chatrapati Shivaji.
		Shahaji Bhonsle was a loyal servant of the Bijapur sultanate and had a small jagir near Pune given by the Sultan.
		The Bijapur sultans were unable to handle the crafty Maratha king and sued for peace, when an agreement was reached between Afzal Khan, a general of the sultans of Bijapur and Shivaji.
		During Aurangzeb& attack on the Bijapur sultanate in 1666, Maratha defections prompted in Aurangzeb demanding that Shivaji should visit Delhi.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Chatrapati_Shivaji (4397 words)

	Melaka - Land of History & Legends
		Hang Tuah was a local hero who lived during the twilight era of the Melaka Sultanate.
		Melaka or previously known as 'Malacca' is one of the thirteen states that belongs to Malaysia and it is located 2 degrees north of the equator by the shore of the Straits of Melaka between Singapore to its south and Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia to its north.
		Sultan Mahmud had fled Melaka to the state of Pahang, and then, when his efforts to regain Melaka from the Portuguese was in vain, he moved to the Rhio Islands south of Singapore.
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/Forest/1891/Melaka/Melaka.htm (4397 words)

	Malaysia - Malacca : Melaka
		Thereafter, the state flourished under the Melaka Sultanate and eventually became the region's largest emporium attracting traders from as far as China, India, Arabia and Europe.
		It is traditionally believed that the history of Malaysia began with the founding of Melaka in 1400 by Parameswara, a Sumatran prince.
		Melaka's historical past can be seen in many of its centuries old buildings, some of them still in use.
	www.liburanmalaysia.com /places_interest/cities/malacca/malacca.htm (4397 words)

	1270s - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The sultan Baibars was successful in expanding his territory as far north as the Sultanate of Rüm in Anatolia, east into Syria, and south into Makurian Nubia.
		The Mamluk sultanate of Egypt continued to expand its territory and dodge two crusades -- the Eighth Crusade never reached its intended target, and the Ninth rapidly became a failure.
		1279 - Mamluk sultan Baraka Khan and emir Qalawun of Egypt invade Armenia; a revolt in Egypt while they are away forces Baraka to abdicate and allows Qalawun to become sultan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1270s (4397 words)

	Mamluk Textiles
		The bulk of the military came from among the ruling elite, being mamluks of the sultan, amirs, and mamluks of the amirs.
		The mamluk classes were boys taken from their non-Egyptian parents, at first from among Turkish tribes of Central Asia, later from among peoples of Western Asia, and trained to be expert soldiers and horsemen, to become bodyguards, and perhaps eventually to serve the sultans.
		The mamluks stationed in Cairo under the last strong Ayyubid caliph were known as al-Bahriyya al-Salihiyya: "bahri" means "sea", near which the Cairene mamluks were stationed, and from across which they had come; "salih" was the name of their owner, Sultan al-Salih Najn al-Din Ayyub (ruled 1240-1249).
	home.earthlink.net /~lilinah/Textiles/mamluk.html (4397 words)

	The Art of the Mamluk Period (1250-1517 A.D.) Special Topics Page Timeline of Art History The Metropolitan Museum of Art
		The Mamluk sultanate (1250–1517) emerged from the weakening of the Ayyubid realm in Egypt and Syria (1250–60).
		Within a short period of time, the Mamluks created the greatest Islamic empire of the later Middle Ages, which included control of the holy cities Mecca and Medina.The Mamluk capital, Cairo, became the economic, cultural, and artistic center of the Arab Islamic world.
		The Burji Mamluk sultans followed the artistic traditions established by their Bahri predecessors.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/maml/hd_maml.htm (4397 words)

	1280s - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Across the continent in the Middle East, the Mamluk sultanate of Egypt continued to extinguish crusader states under the leadership of Qalawun, capturing Margat, Latakia, and the County of Tripoli.
		1280 - Syria attempts to secede from the Mamluk sultanate of Egypt, but Qalawun defeats the rebels and keeps Syria within the Egyptian sultanate.
		1285 - April 25 - Mamluk sultan Qalawun begins a siege of the Crusader fortress of Margat (in present-day Syria), a major stronghold of the Knights Hospitaller thought to be impregnable; he captures the fortress a month later.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1280s (4397 words)

	Deccan sultanates - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They became independent states during the breakup of the Bahmani Sultanate: Bijapur, Ahmednagar and Berar in 1490, Bidar in 1492, and Golconda in 1512.
		The sultanates were later conquered by the Mughal Empire; Berar was stripped from Ahmednagar in 1596, Ahmednagar was completely taken between 1616 and 1633, and Golconda and Bijapur conquered by Aurangzeb's 1686-7 campaign.
		The Deccan sultanates were located on the Deccan plateau, between the Krishna River and the Vindhya Range.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Deccan_Sultanates (4397 words)

	India Encyclopedia
		The Bidar Sultanate was later absorbed by the Sultanate of Bijapur to the west, which was in turn conquered by the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb in 1686.
		It then became the center of one of the five independent sultanates, known as the Deccan sultanates, that were the successor states to the Bahmani kingdom.
		Bidar was the capital of the Bahmani Sultanate from 1425 until the sultanate's breakup after 1518.
	www.indiaencyclopedia.com /index.php?title=Bidar (4397 words)

	India The Delhi Sultanate - Flags, Maps, Economy, Geography, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, Population, Social Statistics, Political System
		The sultanate was in constant flux as five dynasties rose and fell: Mamluk or Slave (1206-90), Khalji (1290-1320), Tughluq (1320-1413), Sayyid (1414-51), and Lodi (1451-1526).
		Sultan Ala-ud-Din made an attempt to reassess, systematize, and unify land revenues and urban taxes and to institute a highly centralized system of administration over his realm, but his efforts were abortive.
		The effective rule of a sultan depended largely on his ability to control the strategic places that dominated the military highways and trade routes, extract the annual land tax, and maintain personal authority over military and provincial governors.
	workmall.com /wfb2001/india/india_history_the_delhi_sultanate.html (631 words)

	SVARNABHUMI STUDIO KUALA LUMPUR: Seeking Langkasuka
		Melaka did manage to defeat Kelantan on its second attempt and ended with a marriage of the Kelantan Princess, Onang Kuning, to Mahmud Shah, the last Sultan of Melaka.
		At Melaka, the Ramayana story first arrived in the mid 15th century in the written form of Jawanese Sanskrit, but all figures in the drama were later changed to be Islamic characters and the story came to be known as Hikayat Seri Rama (Tales of Rama).
		The last sultan of Pattani, Sultan Abdul Kadir Kamaruddin's (1899-1902) son Tengku Seri Akar was married to the daughter of Sultan Muhamad IV of Kelantan.
	svarnabhumi.blogspot.com /2005/07/seeking-langkasuka.html (631 words)

	The Nation: History: Background: Melaka Sultanate
		The government structure of the Melaka Sultanate was like a pyramid with the Sultan at the apex as the all- powerful Head of State.
		Sultan Muzaffar Shah (1446-1456) the son of Sri Maharaja and grandson of Megat Iskandar Shah alias Parameswara, ascended the Melaka throne in 1446 succeeding his elder brother, Raja Ibrahim.
		Sultan Muzaffar Shah was directly involved in ship-building activities, while another aristocrat, Bendahara Tun Mutahir became one of the richest man in Melaka via his prominent role in the market.
	www.windowstomalaysia.com.my /nation/11_1_4.htm (631 words)

	Islamic History and Culture - The History of Islam After the Mongols
		The Mamluk sultanate, though governed by Turks and Circassians, with the native Arabic speaking population in a subordinate role, nevertheless remained the stronghold of the older Arab culture.
		In a sense, the Mamluk sultanate was a kind of Arab Byzantium – a bastion of the older culture holding out against the new wave represented by the Turks, Mongols and their successors in the north.
		For a while the Ottoman sultans of Turkey and the Safavid shahs of Iran confronted one another for the supremacy of the Middle East.
	www.islamic-paths.org /Home/English/History/Overview/After_Mongols.htm (631 words)

	Egypt, 1400-1600 A.D. Timeline of Art History The Metropolitan Museum of Art
		The critical financial situation of the sultanate is reflected in the construction methods of the period.
		When Mamluk rule is replaced with Ottoman rule and Egypt becomes a major province of a world empire, the arts in Cairo begin to reflect the imperial style set in Istanbul.
		Although the Mamluk realm is frequently at war with the Ottomans of Anatolia, architectural patronage continues.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/08/nfe/ht08nfe.htm (631 words)

	Saudi Aramco World Magazine (May/June 2000): Tripoli - Lebanon's Mamluk Monuments
		To become a Mamluk, you had to be born a peasant in the Turkic-speaking lands of Central Asia; and you had to be purchased by a patron, a Muslim ruler to whom you would swear fealty for life.
		Supporting the Mamluk sultanate were such social institutions as the fortress, the palace, mosques and religious academies, which were patronized by sultans, princes, governors and other powerful individuals who increasingly, as time went on, were themselves Mamluks.
		Like their counterparts in Cairo, the Mamluks of Tripoli were not military men in a narrowly soldiering sense: They saw themselves as custodians of the Islamic empire, and their humble origins likely made them sharply aware of the value of the education they had themselves received.
	www.tripoli-city.org /aramco/aramco02.html (631 words)

	Showcases :: Sultan Baybars' Qur'an
		Sultan Baybars was a staunch defender of Islam.
		In Arabic, Mamluk means ‘owned’, and was used to describe non-Muslim slaves brought to Egypt to serve as soldiers in struggles between Islamic rulers, in part to avoid the religious prohibition of Muslim fighting Muslim.
		As the equivalent of chief-of-staff to Sultan an-Nasir, he wielded considerable power, and when the sultan was deposed in 1309, he used it to seize the throne as Baybars II.
	www.bl.uk /onlinegallery/themes/asianafricanman/sultanbaybars.html (631 words)

	EZGeography - Kalyan
		It was occupied by the Bijapur sultanate (a Muslim state) in the 1500s and later by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, who fortified the city in the mid-1600s.
		Later the Marathas occupied the area, making Kalyan one of their strategic centers because it guarded the entrance to Bombay and the western coast of India.
	www.ezgeography.com /encyclopedia/Kalyan (631 words)

	Shivaji - Pictures
		Shahaji Bhonsle was a loyal servant of the Bijapur sultanate and had a small jagir near Pune given by the Sultan.
		The Bijapur sultans were unable to handle the crafty Maratha king and sued for peace, when an agreement was reached between Afzal Khan, a general of the sultans of Bijapur and Shivaji.
		During Aurangzeb& attack on the Bijapur sultanate in 1666, Maratha defections prompted Aurangzeb to demand that Shivaji should visit Delhi.
	www.greatestinfo.org /Shivaji (631 words)

	Bahmani Sultanate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		His revolt was successful, and he established an independent state on the Deccan out of the Delhi Sultanate's southern provinces.
		The sultanate reached the peak of its power during the vizierate ( 1466 &;
		The Bahmani Sultanate was a Muslim state of the
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bahmani_Sultanate (631 words)

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