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	Sultanate of Rûm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		"Rome in Asia" because it comprised the Roman provinces recently conquered from the Byzantine Empire) was a Seljuk sultanate in Anatolia from 1077 to 1307.
		The Sultanate expanded, but then Süleyman was killed in Antioch (Antakya) in 1086 by Tutush I, the Seljuk ruler of Syria, and Süleyman's son Kilij Arslan(Kılıç Arslan in Turkish meaning 'Sword Lion') was imprisoned.
		They took Erzurum in 1242 and in 1243 the sultan was crushed by Bayju at the Battle of Köse Dag (a mountain between Sivas and Erzincan) and the Seljuks became Mongol vassals.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sultanate_of_Rum (1017 words)

	Turkey - Sultanate of Rum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Although successful in the west, the Seljuk sultanate in Baghdad reeled under attacks from the Mongols in the east and was unable--indeed unwilling--to exert its authority directly in Anatolia.
		The strongest of these states to emerge was the Seljuk sultanate of Rum ("Rome," i.e., Byzantine Empire), which had its capital at Konya (Iconium).
		Seljuk Rum survived in the late thirteenth century as a vassal state of the Mongols, who had already subjugated the Great Seljuk sultanate at Baghdad.
	www.country-data.com /cgi-bin/query/r-13911.html (440 words)

	Turkey (country) - MSN Encarta
		They established the sultanate of Rum (with its capital at Konya), which ruled central Anatolia in the 12th and 13th centuries.
		Although the sultanate of Rum imitated the Seljuk Empire of Baghdad, the presence within its boundaries of large numbers of Christians and its superimposition of Islam on top of a living Christian tradition produced a milieu considerably different to that of other Islamic states.
		The Seljuks of Baghdad and Konya were soon overwhelmed by the invasion of the Mongols under Genghis Khan, culminating in the capture and sack of Baghdad in 1258.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575380_8/Turkey_(country).html (1369 words)

	The Rise of the Turks and the Ottoman Empire
		Although successful in the west, the Seljuk sultanate in Baghdad reeled under attacks from the Mongols in the east and was unable--indeed unwilling--to exert its authority directly in the newly conquered territories in Anatolia.
		Sovereignty resided in the ruling family from whom the sultan, or paramount khan, was chosen and not in the person of the sultan himself.
		Each year the sultan mounted and frequently led a carefully planned campaign designed to achieve a particular objective--the conquest of a new province, the reduction of a troublesome fortress, or the suppression of a rebellion--within the season allotted for it.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/Turkey2.html (3639 words)

	Turkey (country) - Printer-friendly - ninemsn Encarta
		In response, Sultan Murad IV restored conservatism and efficiency to the ruling class and the army.
		Using the Capitulations—treaties by which, since the 16th century, the sultans had allowed Europeans to live and work in the empire according to their own laws and under their own consuls—the Europeans were able to prevent the Ottomans from restricting foreign imports and thus kept them from protecting their own nascent industries.
		During the Turkish War of Independence (1918-1923) Atatürk successfully resisted the Allied terms; drove out the Greeks and the British, French, and Italian occupation forces; and imposed a settlement, embodied in the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), by which the Turkish areas of eastern Thrace and Anatolia were left to form their own state.
	au.encarta.msn.com /text_761575380___37/Turkey_(country).html (7054 words)

	Kingdoms of Anatolia - Seljuq Rum
		After the Seljuqs conquered Persia and took Baghdad, a splinter tribe defeated the Byzantines in Anatolia and founded Rum ("Rome"), initially under Persian Seljuq suzerainty.
		Anatolia is ruled on behalf of the Mongols by a regional governor.
		The Mongol Jalayirid Sultanate establishes itself in the region.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsMiddEast/AnatoliaRum.htm (72 words)

	History of TURKEY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Rum, meaning Rome, is the word used by the Turks for Byzantium (whose officials still describe themselves as Romans, in keeping with the origins of the Byzantine empire).
		The Ottoman sultan Murad I dies on the battlefield of Kosovo and is succeeded by his son Bayazid I, whose name Yildirim ('Thunderbolt') reflects his early military successes.
		Mehmed, the sultan, goes straight to Santa Sophia to hear a proclamation from the pulpit - that there is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac94 (1673 words)

	Mevlana Jelaleddin Rumi, Founder of the Whirling Dervishes
		Mevlâna Jelaleddin Rumî (1207-1273) is among Islam's greatest poets and mystic philosophers.
		Though born in Balkh, Afghanistan, his life's work was as a religious teacher in Konya, capital of the Seljuk Turkish Sultanate of Rum.
		Called Mevlâna ("Our Guide" in Persian, the court language of the Seljuks), and Rumî ("of Rome," that is, of the Seljuks' western, formerly Roman, lands), he first studied with his father Baha'uddin, then went on to teachers in Haleb (Aleppo) and Damascus before returning to Konya in 1240.
	www.turkeytravelplanner.com /WhereToGo/CentralAnatolia/Konya/rumi.html (266 words)

	The Seljuk Turks
		They established their capital at Konya around 1150 and ruled what would be known as the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum [ROOM, Rome].
		The borders of the Seljuk Sultanate were always in flux, with the remnants of the Byzantine Empire to the west, the Arabs to the south and the Mongols encroaching from the east.
		Seljuk culture in Rum was at its height in the mid-1200s, just as the Mongols overran West Asia and ravaged Anatolia.
	www.turkeytravelplanner.com /TravelDetails/History/Seljuks.html (456 words)

	Sultanate Of Rum - The Visa Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Sultanate of Rum Encyclopedia Article, Description, History and Biography @...
		Seljuk Rum survived in the late thirteenth century as a vassal state...
		Formation of Turkey, The: The Seljukid Sultanate of Rum, Eleventh to Fourteenth...
	www.thevisasite.com /s/sultanate_of_rum (249 words)

	Seljuks
		A branch of the Seljuks established their own state in Anatolia (the sultanate of Konya or Rum, survived until it was conquered by the Mongols in 1243.
		Togrul was given the title sultan by the caliph and made war on the Shia Muslims, who rejected the caliph's authority.
		A branch of the dynasty, the sultanate of Rûm with a capital at Konya, survived in Anatolia until subjugated by the Mongols in 1243.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txh/seljuk.htm (598 words)

	Sultanate - The Visa Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The sultanate was held by the Turks during World War I. The andSsubdot;...
		Perhaps the greatest contribution of the sultanate was its temporary...
		The Bahmani Sultanate was a Muslim state of the Deccan in southern...
	www.thevisasite.com /s/sultanate (135 words)

	Smbat Sparapet's Chronicle, Cilician Armenian History, Crusaders, Saladin, Sultanate of Rum
		He reached the door of his tent and said to the door keepers: "Tell the sultan that the prince of Antioch is here and wishes to see him." As soon as the sultan heard this, he quickly went before him, led him into the tent by the hand, and respectfully [wanted to] seat him.
		In the same year Sultan Saladin sent [an emissary] to Lewon [telling him] to give the country of Cilicia to him, and he himself could go away unharmed.
		The sultan appointed his brother, Tughril-Shah, as lord of the city of Karin.
	rbedrosian.com /css14.htm (3049 words)

	search.com - Danishmends
		They were the chief rivals of the Sultanate of Rum.
		The Danishmends were probably involved in overthrowing Kilij Arslan’s son; they reduced the Sultanate of Rum to Konya and its immediate surroundings.
		In 1130 Bohemund II of Antioch was killed in a battle with the Danishmend emir Gumushtugin, after coming to the aid of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, which Gumushtugin had invaded.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Danishmends (364 words)

	Catalhoyuk / Konya / Mevlana
		It was taken from the Byzantine Empire by the emerging Seljuq Turks in 1072 or 1081 and soon became the capital of the Seljuq sultanate of Rum.
		After the decline of the Seljuqs, Konya was ruled by the Il-Khanid Mongols and later by the Turkmen principality of Karaman until it was finally annexed to the Ottoman Empire about 1467.
		Floor covering handwoven in or near the city of Konya, south-central Turkey, former capital of the Seljuq sultanate of Rum.
	www.mondial-tour.com /catalkonyamevl.htm (1551 words)

	Lords 42 - Middle East
		In short order, a quasi-independent Seljuk Sultanate of Rum was established by Suleiman (Rum being a Turkish corruption of Rome, the alternate name for the Byzantine Empire).
		Although, in recent decades, the Rum Seljuks ruled almost all of the Anatolian peninsula, the arrival of the Crusaders broke their hold and allowed the Byzantines to recover many of the western provinces.
		The Burid Emir of Damascus, another of the Seljuk Sultan's theoretical vassals, is in a most unfortunate position jammed between the newly arrived Crusaders and the Shi'ite heretics of Egypt.
	www.lorne.plus.com /lords/lote42/archives/meast.htm (639 words)

	Civilization Fanatics' Forums - The Crusades - C3C
		Shortly before their arrival, however, half of the german Army was ambushed by troops of the Sultanate of Rum and destroyed.
		Sultanate of Rum and Seljuk Caliphate of Baghdad - Mounted Archer, Turkish Swordsman
		He defeated a seljuk army of the Sultanate of Rum and captured their capital, Konya(Iconium).
	forums.civfanatics.com /printthread.php?t=89849&pp=40 (2589 words)

	Konya, Turkey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		With the decline of the Seljuk state in the early 12th century, different parts of the empire became independent, including the Sultanate of Rum.
		Born in 1207 in the town of Balkh in Khurasan (near Mazar-I-Sharif in contemporary Afghanistan), Jalal al-Din Rumi was the son of a brilliant Islamic scholar.
		Rumi was initiated into Sufism by Burhan al-Din, a former pupil of his father's, under whose tutelage he progressed through the various teachings of the Sufi tradition.
	www.sacredsites.com /middle_east/turkey/konya.htm (1492 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - AGC & EEP, "Byzantium" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Part of dealing with Turks might be an option establishing the "Sultanate of Rum" as a vassal.
		This event would result in an expulsion of Turks (loss of stability and population, if nothing else) the loss of a province to be the Sultinate, and a gain of population in that province.
		Likewise, the Sultanate of Rum could be a revolter during this (relatively short) period.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/printthread.php?t=90683 (3388 words)

	Jalayirids (1336-1432 AD), DBA IV/67
		The Jalayirid amirs were assigned to rule as governors of Anatolia, in the region that comprised the former Sultanate of Rum.
		During the same period, the Ottoman Ghuzz tribe was emerging as the predominant state in the former Sultanate of Rum and was expanding its influence into western Armenia.
		The Sultan Ahmad Jalayir was forced to flee yet again, narrowly escaping Timurid horsemen at Karbala, and abandoning his realm to take exile with the Mameluk Sultan Burquq.
	www.fanaticus.org /DBA/armies/IV67 (1335 words)

	History of THE TURKS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		He does so without violence, being welcomed by the caliph as a liberator from the Shi'as.
		The caliph gives him the title of sultan and an ambitious task - to overwhelm the Fatimids, the Shi'ite dynasty controlling the caliph's Egyptian territories.
		This is beyond the powers of Togrul Beg and his still somewhat unruly Turkish tribesmen.
	www.historyworld.net /wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=aa98 (1347 words)

	Yeni Sayfa 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Konyas golden age was in the 12th and 13th centuries when it was the capital of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum.
		Between 1150 and 1300, the Sultans of Rum beautified Konya, erecting many lovely buildings and mosques.
		It was during this period that Rumi came to live in Konya.
	www.kocausta.com /ing/kultur.htm (315 words)

	The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		At the time, the only "rum" I knew of was the stuff that came out of a bottle, and I couldn't imagine what the word meant in this context.
		I didn't find out until many years later that "Rum" is a Turkish corruption of "Roman", and that the Turks had supposed they had taken up residence in Roman domains because the Byzantines were still pretentiously referring to themselves as "East Romans".
		Vryonis shares their puzzlement, describing a further peace proposal, made as the emperor's troops were being routed at Myriocephalum, as 'incongruous with the nature of (the Sultan's) victory', and overlooking the Qur'anic call for magnanimity on the battlefield as a possible explanation for it.
	nzsf.com /AutumnLeaves/vryonis.html (1405 words)

	History - Turkey - Middle East: alexander great, cyrus great, unique ottoman, genghis khan, byzantine empire
		Although at this time the primary objective of the Seljuks was not to attack the Byzantines but to eliminate the threat of heterodox Shia Islam posed by the Fatimids of Egypt, some members of the Seljuk dynasty saw an opportunity to win a realm of their own.
		Most of the nomads who had made the initial Seljuk victories possible were soon pushed to the west of Anatolia, where frontier colonies were maintained against the last Byzantine defenses.
		In Anatolia, the Turkish nomads used the resulting anarchy to form a series of principalities, nominally under the suzerainty of Rum, which in turn was dominated by the Mongols.
	www.countriesquest.com /middle_east/turkey/history.htm (594 words)

	Nigdeh - LoveToKnow Watches
		It is remarkable for the beauty of its buildings, dating from almost all ages of the Seljuk period.
		After the fall of the sultanate of Rum (of which it had been one of the principal cities), Nigdeh became independent, and, according to Ibu Batuta, ruinous, and did not pass into Ottoman hands till the time of Mahommed II.
		It represents no classical town, but, with Bor, has inherited the importance of Tyana, whose site lies about lo m.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Nigdeh (136 words)

	The myth of Muslim Empire - www.ezboard.com
		Size of the Sultanate: It is said that the under the Khaljis and Tughlaks the Delhi Sultanate had become too big to be administered by the central authority.
		However the Ottoman Sultanate was much bigger and additionally their communications were hampered by long stretches of desert and the sea---and yet these Turks did not appear to have any difficulty in holding their vast domain together.
		In fact the economic basis of the Delhi Sultanate was in the Gangetic plains from Delhi to Bengal and not in the Punjab, which in the medieval era was an unproductive land covered with tracts of jungle and scrub (see GW-I).
	p076.ezboard.com /fdesivoicefrm63.showMessage?topicID=191.topic (1293 words)

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