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Topic: Sumerian literature


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 Sumerian Mythology: Preface
The Sumerians produced a vast and highly developed literature, largely poetic in character, consisting of epics and myths, hymns and lamentations, proverbs and "words of wisdom." These compositions are inscribed in cuneiform script on clay tablets which date largely from approximately 1750 B. a
The seventh volume, Sumerian Religion: A Comparative Study, intended as the last of the series, will sketch the religious and spiritual concepts of the Sumerians as revealed in their own literature.
The Sumerians were a non-Semitic, non-Indo-European people who flourished in southern Babylonia from the beginning of the fourth to the end of the third millennium B. During this long stretch of time the Sumerians, whose racial and linguistic affiliations are still unclassifiable, represented the dominant cultural group of the entire Near East.
www.sacred-texts.com /ane/sum/sum02.htm

  
 Ethics of Sumer, Babylon, and Hittites by Sanderson Beck
As we shall see in the tale of Gilgamesh and other literature, the Sumerians believed in an underworld for the spirits of the dead; and some kings as gods felt they wanted their servants there also.
As Sumerian literature was being collected and appreciated, little kingdoms like Isin and Larsa competed in the south, while Assur rivaled Eshnunna in the north.
This Semite ruler used the Sumerian language in official inscriptions and gathered Sumerian literature into a library at Nippur.
www.san.beck.org /EC3-Sumer.html   (14890 words)

  
 Amazon.ca: Books: Sumerian Mythology: A Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millennium B.C.
Sumerian Mythology: A Study of Spiritual and Literary Achievement in the Third Millennium B.C. by Samuel Noah Kramer (Author)
Whilst any serious Sumerian scholar must move on to latter translations and works, this is a good starting point, particularly for those wanting to see a 'decipherment' in progress.
The book excellently gives a rundown of the pantheon of Sumerian Gods, the acculturation of Sumerian mythology into Semitic and translates a goodly portion (sometimes inaccurately as the preface warns!) of the tablets.
www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0812210476   (14890 words)

  
 Sumer
The fragments of Sumerian literature that have survived appear to have been written by Sumerian temple scribes and are heavily religious.
Documents dating back to 3100 BCE have been found there, and a flourishing cuneiform literature in the Sumerian language existed in the centuries around 2000 BCE.
Sumerian predated the written languages of Assyria and Babylon but continued as the language of literary culture when these empires flourished.
www.humanistictexts.org /sumer.htm   (4794 words)

  
 Humanities-Topic Guidelines/Objectives
Recognize and identify important works in visual art, literature, and architecture in Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, Assyrian, and Persian cultures.
Understand the effects of Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism upon the arts, literature, and architecture of early China.
Identify examples of early Christian art and architecture as well as their sources and liturgical functions.
www.accd.edu /sac/music/htopic.htm   (831 words)

  
 ETCSLhomepage
The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL) is based at the University of Oxford.
So far it has made accessible, via the World Wide Web, more than 350 literary works composed in the Sumerian language in ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) during the late third and early second millennia BCE.
www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk   (92 words)

  
 Fermigas Portal: Mythology of the World
This site contains myths, mythology, greek literature, roman literature, and Shakespeare content and links.
www.fermigas.com /MainPages/Mythology.html   (92 words)

  
 ETCSL: full catalogue of Sumerian literary compositions
This catalogue shows all the compositions which will be included in the Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature.
Sumerian literary compositions have been edited and translated in modern studies under a range of sometimes confusing titles.
The ancient practice was to refer to them by their incipits (first lines), but this is clearly less useful for a modern readership, especially when working in translation.
www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk /catalogue.htm   (92 words)

  
 Cuneiform Writing @ University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology
In the reign of Hammurabi (1792 - 1750 BC) when law and literature were celebrated with zeal, the ancient Sumerian heritage of the region was fully incorporated into the education of the empire's most promising students.
We don't know whether the wheel was invented by the Sumerians or imported, but in the years between 4000 and 3000 BC it come into general use for military, commercial and agricultural applications.
They were the first people to build cities and achieve what we call 'civilization.' Sumerians domesticated goats and cattle; they developed writing; they grew wheat and barley, and used them to bake bread and brew beer.
www.upenn.edu /museum/Games/cuneiform.html   (92 words)

  
 Sumerian Mythology Ch. 1
It was the Sumerians who developed and probably invented the cuneiform system of writing; who developed a well integrated pantheon together with spiritual and religious concepts which influenced profoundly all the peoples of the Near East; who, finally, created and developed a literature rich in content and effective in form.
A knowledge of the Sumerian myths and legends is therefore a prime and basic essential for a proper approach to a scientific study of the mythologies current in the ancient Near East, for it illuminates and clarifies to no small extent the background behind their origin and development.
Nevertheless Sumerian continued to be used as the literary and religious language of the Semitic conquerors for many centuries to come, like Greek in the Roman period and like Latin in the Middle Ages.
www.earth-history.com /Sumer/Kramer/sumer-kramer-ch1.htm   (92 words)

  
 Literature - Open Encyclopedia
Poetry perhaps pre-dates other forms of literature: early known examples include the Sumerian Epic of Gilgamesh (dated from around 3000 B.C.), parts of the Bible, and the surviving works of Homer (the Iliad and the Odyssey).
Literature is literally "an acquaintance with letters" as in the first sense given in the Oxford English Dictionary; the term has, however, generally come to identify a collection of texts.
Critics may exclude works from the classification "literature", for example, on the grounds of a poor standard of grammar and syntax, of an unbelievable or disjointed story-line, or of inconsistent or unconvincing characters.
open-encyclopedia.com /Literature   (2455 words)

  
 The Schoyen Collection: 23. Extinct and living religions
Commentary: The Sri Guru Grantha Sahibaji, a large anthology of Sikh literature, is the central scripture of the Sikh religion.
The text preserves a stage of Indian religion quite different from modern Hinduism, the rituals being centred on animal sacrifice and the consumption of Soma, an intoxicating drink, and the pantheon being that of Indo-European steppe-dwellers.
Jinas and monks are in the white robes for which their school, Shvetambare, is named, white patterns on a golden ground which makes the figures seem naked at the same time as partly clothed.
www.nb.no /baser/schoyen/5/5.20   (5057 words)

  
 Adherents.com - Religious Groups in Literature
Sumerian was used as the language of religion and scholarship by lateer civilizations, much as Latin was used in Europe during the Middle Ages.
...The general religion of the Isles is based on Sumerian beliefs (and to a lesser degree, Sumerian practice).
This was how the Sumerians made tamber-proof documents.
www.adherents.com /lit/Na/Na_465.html   (3636 words)

  
 Ancient Near East
Oxford U's comprehensive e-archive of Sumerian literature posts transliterations, translations and bibliographies for myths and epics (including Inana's Descent, Enki's Journey, Enlil and Ninlil, the Flood, Gilgamesh) and prayers to deities.
Elegant well-informed neo-pagan presentation of Mesopotamian culture and religion offers essay on Sumerian Religion and an extensive collection of classic myths, hymns and incantations, including many from hard-to-find texts.
Christopher Siren answers basic questions about the worldview of Sumerian religion including cosmology, gods, underworld and biblical parallels.
virtualreligion.net /vri/aneast.html   (1404 words)

  
 Temple of the Sacred Spiral - Sumerian Religion
The achievement of the Sumerians in the areas of religion, education and literature left a deep impression, not only on their neighbours but also especially through their influence, indirect as it was, on the ancient Hebrews and the bible.
As a result the Sumerians evolved the notion of a personal God, a kind of good angel to each individual and it was to this God that the individual sufferer bared his heart in prayer and supplication and through him that he found salvation.
He was identified with the ancient Sumerian God An and thus Asshur became king of all the Gods, self-created father of the Gods, maker of the sky of Anu and the underworld, author of mankind who lives in the bright heavens, lord of the Gods, he ordains men's fate.
victorian.fortunecity.com /palette/187/sumer.html   (9194 words)

  
 ETCSLhomepage
The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL) is based at the University of Oxford.
The corpus comprises Sumerian texts in transliteration, English prose translations and bibliographical information for each composition.
So far it has made accessible, via the World Wide Web, more than 350 literary works composed in the Sumerian language in ancient Mesopotamia (modern Iraq) during the late third and early second millennia BCE.
www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk   (92 words)

  
 Architectural Marvels of Ancient Mesopotamia
Here is found the first form of writing and the beginnings of literature (including the first story of creation and the flood) which made possible the pursuit of knowledge and economic order within an organized government.
In the south lie the ruins of Sumer where were found tens of thousands of stone tablets from the incredible Sumerian culture which flourished 5,000 years ago.
who blended their culture with the Sumerians The final Sumerian civilization at Ur fell to Elam, and when Semitic Babyloma under Hammurabi (c 2000 BC) controlled the land the Sumerian nation vanished.
www.faculty.fairfield.edu /jmac/meso/meso.htm   (3181 words)

  
 MSN Encarta - Babylonia
In the study of literature, the pupils copied and imitated various types of myths, epics, hymns, lamentations, proverbs, and essays in both the Sumerian and the Babylonian languages.
The Sumerian King List gives a succession of rulers to the end of the dynasty of Isin, about 1790 bc, but it is quite unreliable for dates prior to the dynasty of Akkad, about 2340 bc.
A recently translated document written in Sumerian but used as a textbook in the Babylonian schools is a veritable farmer's almanac; it records a series of instructions and directions to guide farm activities from the watering of the fields to the winnowing of the harvested crops.
encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761571780/Babylonia.html   (3181 words)

  
 Ur, Iraq
After his death he became a hero-figure: one of the surviving works of Sumerian literature describes the death of Ur-Nammu and his journey to the underworld.
The ziggurat is a temple of Nanna, a deity in Sumerian mythology, and has two stages constructed from brick: in the lower stage the bricks are joined together with bitumen, in the upper stage they are joined with mortar.
Ur by this time was considered sacred to Nanna, the moon god in Sumerian mythology.
creekin.net /c4473-n88-ur-iraq.html   (3181 words)

  
 Ashmolean Museum: FAQ 1 - The Weld-Blundell Prism (7)
This is the subject of other major works in Sumerian and Akkadian literature.
The last of these was the father of Ziusura, the man chosen by the Sumerian god Enki to survive the Flood with his family.
The section on the Flood does not appear in all versions of the Sumerian King-List and probably had a different origin from the rest of the standard list.
www.ashmol.ox.ac.uk /ash/faqs/q001/q001007.html   (204 words)

  
 AllRefer Encyclopedia - European Art To 1599 Encyclopedia
Literature and the Arts > Art and Architecture
reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/categories/eurart1.html   (99 words)

  
 Casting Characters
Literature as a means to character building was a social and political imperative, and a hallmark of all extant Sumerian edubba tablets.
The history of juvenile literature is the story of a continual movement around these two purposes, with occasional periods of relative equilibrium between enjoyable and instructive fare.
The process toward a separate children's literature began millennia ago, in the caves of Lascaux and Altamira, in sand on the shore, on rocks in the American West, and anywhere humans lived and wished to leave messages for another or for unseen powers.
www.dartmouth.edu /~library/Library_Bulletin/Nov1996/LB-N96-Dennis.html   (3742 words)

  
 Casting Characters
Literature as a means to character building was a social and political imperative, and a hallmark of all extant Sumerian edubba tablets.
The history of juvenile literature is the story of a continual movement around these two purposes, with occasional periods of relative equilibrium between enjoyable and instructive fare.
With the invention of moveable type and printing in the mid-fifteenth century, the access of all, including children, to literature, significantly increased, although published juvenile literature, as distinct from the general body of literature, did not exist as a separate entity before the second half of the eighteenth century.
www.dartmouth.edu /~library/Library_Bulletin/Nov1996/LB-N96-Dennis.html   (3742 words)

  
 Casting Characters
Literature as a means to character building was a social and political imperative, and a hallmark of all extant Sumerian edubba tablets.
The history of juvenile literature is the story of a continual movement around these two purposes, with occasional periods of relative equilibrium between enjoyable and instructive fare.
The process toward a separate children's literature began millennia ago, in the caves of Lascaux and Altamira, in sand on the shore, on rocks in the American West, and anywhere humans lived and wished to leave messages for another or for unseen powers.
www.dartmouth.edu /~library/Library_Bulletin/Nov1996/LB-N96-Dennis.html   (3742 words)

  
 Casting Characters
Literature as a means to character building was a social and political imperative, and a hallmark of all extant Sumerian edubba tablets.
The history of juvenile literature is the story of a continual movement around these two purposes, with occasional periods of relative equilibrium between enjoyable and instructive fare.
With the invention of moveable type and printing in the mid-fifteenth century, the access of all, including children, to literature, significantly increased, although published juvenile literature, as distinct from the general body of literature, did not exist as a separate entity before the second half of the eighteenth century.
www.dartmouth.edu /~library/Library_Bulletin/Nov1996/LB-N96-Dennis.html   (3742 words)

  
 Sumerian and Babyloanian Science - www.GatewaysToBabylon.com
Yet the Babylonians and Assyrians were the first to order thousands and later tens of thousands of omens with their respective interpretations according to similar categories, thereby creating a science of omens which the Hittites took over in many particulars and which stimulated the assembling of some collections.
The Babylonians understood the problem in such a way as to make a virtue of necessity, and thus to reckon with great sophistication without any unequivocal place va1ue, since as far as they were concerned a protracted reckoning of the place value was of no concern in the case of the intermediate sums.
The Babylonians never possessed even the beginnings of an understanding of physics, though they did have at their disposal some knowledge of physical principIes, such as the laws of leverage, which had to be used in transporting the heaviest blocks.
www.gatewaystobabylon.com /introduction/mesoscience1.htm   (8119 words)

  
 Babylonian literature - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A considerable amount of Babylonian literature was translated from Sumerian originals, and the language of religion and law long continued to be the old agglutinative language of Sumer.
There was little in Assyrian literature that was original, and education, general in Babylonia, was mostly restricted to a single class in the northern kingdom.
Most of what we have from the Babylonians was inscribed in cuneiform with a metal stylus on tablets of clay, called laterculae coctiles by Pliny the Elder; papyrus seems to have been also employed, but it has perished.
www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Assyro-Babylonian_culture   (815 words)

  
 Question.com: European Art to 1599
Question.com > Encyclopedia > Literature and the Arts > Art and Architecture > European Art to 1599
Browse: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Help
www.question.com /cat/eurart1.html   (99 words)

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