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ETCSL: full catalogue of Sumerian literary compositions Group 1 (narrative and mythological compositions) is organised into subgroups according to who the protagonist of the narrative is. Group 2 (mainly royal praise poetry, and hymns to deities with prayers for rulers) is organised chonologically according to the rulers, as are the attributable letters, letter-prayers, and law codes in Group 3. Sumerian literary compositions have been edited and translated in modern studies under a range of sometimes confusing titles. The ancient practice was to refer to them by their incipits (first lines), but this is clearly less useful for a modern readership, especially when working in translation. www-etcsl.orient.ox.ac.uk /catalogue.htm   (390 words)

Sumerian and Babylonian art. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 The art of the Sumerian civilization, as revealed by excavations at Ur, Babylon, Uruk (Erech), Mari, Kish, and Lagash, among other cities, was one of enormous power and originality that influenced all of the major cultures of ancient western Asia. Sumerian craftsmanship was of marked excellence from very early times. Among other Sumerian arts, one of the most sophisticated was the cylinder seal, a small carved cylinder of stone or metal that, when rolled over seals of moist clay, would leave the reverse image of its carving in relief as an identifying mark or signature. www.bartleby.com /65/su/Sumerian.html   (1250 words)

I. Perspective Sumerian culture is believed to have existed at least since the end of the fifth millennium, pushing the social consciousness of mythological events depicted therein to a conservative 4000 BCE. Most of the recovered Sumerian texts were recorded during or after the reign of Sargon, an Akkadian king who conquered all of Akkad and Sumer, thus bringing Sumer under Akkadian control for the duration of his dynasty. In this case, however, considering the model set forth by cuneiform's adoption throughout Mesopotamia and the documented use of Sumerian, itself, as the sanctified religious language for centuries after it ceased to be spoken in the streets of Sumer, this theory is not just plausible, it is probable. home.nycap.rr.com /foxmob/sumer_pantheon01.htm   (1216 words)

NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Nibiru In Sumerian mythology and later for Assyrians and Babylonians, Anu (see also An) was a sky-god, the god of heaven, lord of constellations, king of gods, spirits and demons, and dwelt in the highest heavenly regions. Marduk [märdook] (Sumerian spelling in Akkadian AMAR.UTU solar calf; Biblical Merodach) was the name of a late generation god from ancient Mesopotamia and patron deity of the city of Babylon, who, when Babylon permanently became the political center of the Euphrates valley in the time of Hammurabi... Nibiru, named from Sumerian astronomy, is supposely the twelfth member in the solar system family of planets (which includes 10 planets, the sun, and the moon). www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nibiru   (1299 words)

EVERT A. ROBLES art The Sumerians occupied the fertile lower valley between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is now southern Iraq between 4000 and 2000 BC They migrated from an unknown place, possibly around the Black Sea and seemed to suddenly appear in the area. The art of the Sumerian civilization was one of enormous power and originality that influenced all of the major cultures of ancient western Asia. Sumerians traded crops from their fertile soil for the metal, stone, and wood that they required. evertrobles.com /ezine2.002.html   (1315 words)

[No title] His garment is Sumerian or Semitic rather than Egyptian, and the mixture of human and bird elements in the figure, though not precisely paralleled at this early period, is not out of harmony resemblance between the early Babylonian and Egyptian civilizations, see Sayce, The Archaeology of the Cuneiform Inscriptions, chap, iv, pp. The fragments belong to separate copies of the Sumerian dynastic record, and it happens that the extant portions of their text in some places cover the same period and are duplicates of one another. The Sumerians themselves had no difficulty in picturing two of their dynastic rulers as each reigning for two · ners ' (1,200 years), and it would not be unlikely that ' sars ' were dis tributed among still earlier rulers ; the numbers were easily written. fax.libs.uga.edu /text/lbeh.txt   (18104 words)

Illuminati News: Man's Golden Age The Sumerians were a non-Semitic, non-Indo-European people who flourished in southern Babylonia from the beginning of the fourth to the end of the third {sic "millenium" "millennium"} B. During this long stretch of time the Sumerians, whose racial and linguistic affiliations are still unclassifiable, represented the dominant cultural group of the entire Near East. The discovery of the Sumerians and their language came quite unexpectedly and was quite unlooked for; and this more or less irrelevant detail was at least partially responsible for the troubled progress of Sumerology from the earliest days to the present moment. A knowledge of the Sumerian myths and legends is therefore a prime and basic essential for a proper approach to a scientific study of the mythologies current in the ancient Near East, for it illuminates and clarifies to no small extent the background behind their origin and development.{xr. www.illuminati-news.com /man's-golden-age.htm   (10552 words)

Sumerian History The Sumerians, with a language, culture, and, perhaps, appearance different from their Semitic neighbors and successors were at one time believed to have been invaders, but the archaeological record shows cultural continuity from the time of the early Ubaid period (5200-4500 BC C-14, 6090-5429 calBC) settlements in southern Mesopotamia. In fact, the Sumerian language is replete with terms for canals, dikes, and reservoirs, indicating that Sumerian speakers were farmers who moved down from the north after perfecting irrigation agriculture there. The Sumerian language is generally regarded as a language isolate in linguistics because it belongs to no known language family; Akkadian belongs to the Afro-Asiatic languages. www.crystalinks.com /sumerhistory.html   (2458 words)

Sumerian Art & Architecture - Crystalinks Sumerian techniques and motifs were widely available because of the invention of cuneiform writing before 3000 B.C. This system of writing developed before the last centuries of the 4th millennium B.C. in the lower Tigris and Euphrates valley, most likely by the Sumerians. Inanna in the Middle East was an Earth and later a (horned) moon goddess; Canaanite derivative of Sumerian Innin, or Akkadian Ishtar of Uruk. The Sumerian temple was a small brick house that the god was supposed to visit periodically. www.crystalinks.com /sumerart.html   (2410 words)

Illuminati News: Man's Golden Age The Sumerians were a non-Semitic, non-Indo-European people who flourished in southern Babylonia from the beginning of the fourth to the end of the third {sic "millenium" "millennium"} B. During this long stretch of time the Sumerians, whose racial and linguistic affiliations are still unclassifiable, represented the dominant cultural group of the entire Near East. The discovery of the Sumerians and their language came quite unexpectedly and was quite unlooked for; and this more or less irrelevant detail was at least partially responsible for the troubled progress of Sumerology from the earliest days to the present moment. A knowledge of the Sumerian myths and legends is therefore a prime and basic essential for a proper approach to a scientific study of the mythologies current in the ancient Near East, for it illuminates and clarifies to no small extent the background behind their origin and development.{xr. illuminati-news.com /man's-golden-age.htm   (10552 words)

Mythological Antecedents and Gods - Inner Work With Paul Chirumbolo The mythological Hawaiians lived in the original androgynous state, a form in which man is united with that female part of himself. Mnemosyne literally translates to mean "memory," and so these goddesses are the mythological remembrance of the soul's forgotten higher state, at the peak of which is found the very godhead, what in a more secular way some might say is the ever-present energy of the exploded stars. The mythological antecedents and gods of gaiety posses a treasure trove of perception triggered by the concussion of a supernova of an inner kind, typifying the presence of a third gender with a very real and important role in the world. www.guidancetochangeyourlife.com /mythologicalantecedents.html   (4152 words)

Antiques AtoZ | Leroy Golf Sumerian Seals This may partly be due to the immense popularity of Inanna, who, according to Sumerian mythology originaly favored marrying Enkimdu, but was later coerced by the gods into marrying Dumuzi, the god of pastoralism and flocks. This likely shows a strong prejudice by the Sumerians as a people who were originaly a wandering, pastoral tribe who conquered the native agricultural inhabitants of Sumeria, and it is probably why depictions of the agriculture god are so rare. It is said in the Sumerian myth of the building of Enki’s temple in Eridu, the so called “sea-house”, that after its completion Enki journeyed by boat to Enlil’s temple in Nippur to obtain the blessing and approval of the king of the gods. www.antiquesatoz.com /golf/golfsumeriaseal.htm   (3474 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: ) Though the resemblance of early Sumerian tradition to that of the Hebrews is striking, it furnishes a still closer parallel to the summaries preserved from the history of Berossus. His garment is Sumerian or Semitic rather than Egyptian, and the mixture of human and bird elements in the figure, though not precisely paralleled at this early period, is not out of harmony with Mesopotamian or Susan tradition. The Sumerians themselves had no difficulty in picturing two of their dynastic rulers as each reigning for two "ners" (1,200 years), and it would not be unlikely that "sars" were distributed among still earlier rulers; the numbers were easily written. www.cumorah.com /etexts/beheb10.txt   (19918 words)

Sumerian The Sumerian language itself has been an enigma to linguists and scholars ever since the first tablets of that ancient language were re-discovered in the nineteenth century. The Sumerian language is the oldest sophisticated form of writing in existence, and dates from at least 3400 B.C.E. These early writings, however, are neither crude nor primitive, and no other source as been identified as to where it might have been developed. Sumerian Ethics which were a quantum leap above anything known before, and in many ways, definitively superior to modern day morality. www.halexandria.org /dward183.htm   (719 words)

Did the ancient Sumerians know about our "solar system?" The Sumerians were clearly intelligent people with a value system, a set of laws, diversification of labor, a monetary system, marriage and divorce, and many of the attributes of a sophisticated culture. Sumerian symbology stressed the power of the gods, and also honored the moon's phases with monthly rites: "on the day of the disappearance of the moon, on the day of the sleeping of the moon." Did they know what the moon's phases really constituted? In later Sumerian traditions, she is the daughter of Nanna (Narrar), the Moon God and Ningal, the Moon Goddess (both of Ur)... www.edwardtbabinski.us /geocentrism/sumerians.html   (2156 words)

Sumerian Mythology Most of the recovered Sumerian texts were recorded during or after the reign of Sargon, an Akkadian king who conquered all of Akkad and Sumer... The Sumerian documents recorded during the Third Dynasty of Ur (an era of Sumerian revival following Sargon's Akkadian empire) felt the strong influence of Akkadianization which, no doubt, took place under Sargon's regime. In turn, it is this mythological set of beliefs that has affected other cultures, including the Phoenicians. www.lycos.com /info/sumerian-mythology.html   (272 words)

Ledgends of Babylon and Egypt - Lecture III But mythological references in the earlier texts are often obscure; and the late form in which a few of the stories have come to us is obviously artificial. We thus have definite proof that her association with the three chief Sumerian gods was widely recognized in the early Sumerian period and dictated her position in the classified pantheon of Babylonia. In the Sumerian text we have the result of a far more delicate process of adjustment, and it is possible that the brevity of the text is here not entirely due to compression of a longer narrative, but may in part be regarded as evidence of early combination. www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/relg/historygeography/LedgendsofBabylonandEgypt/chap4.html   (14716 words)

Sumerian Art - History for Kids! Sumerian art is the art made by the Sumerians, who lived in what is now southern Iraq beginning about 4000 BC. Sumerian art is mainly about exploring and supporting the relationships between people and the gods, and plants and animals. Even when the Sumerians began to carve sculptures out of stone, they kept this round, soft look (at least compared to Egyptian sculpture). www.historyforkids.org /learn/westasia/art/sumerians.htm   (376 words)

Zecheria Sitchin, his followers and admirers In his view, Sumerian mythological tracts are historical and scientific texts, which he alone has interpreted correctly. Not only is Sumerian mythology treated as a straightforward account of the remote past, but the Bible is equally presented as a treatise full of references to an ancient and lost science. The reason that Sumerian and Babylonian astronomers continued to regard the Moon as a planet, not a satellite of Earth, was that it had originally been a planet in its own right. www.kmatthews.org.uk /cult_archaeology/zecharia_sitchin2.html   (752 words)

Jesus' Alien Ancestors? That the Psalm is a remnant of Sumerian myths is probably justified, but whether this implies a reality to the Anunnaki legend is doubtful. To seal the alleged connection between the Bloodline of the Grail and the Sumerians, Gardner claims the Sumerian word for the Mark of Cain is "Gra-al," which he implies sounds a lot like the holy "Grail," identified in a previous book with the blood of Jesus. states specifically that the Sumerians, the people of the Annunaki, had short years: "Some early Mesopotamian records (circa 1500 B. C.) indicate a calendar of twelve months, each month 30 days long." Thus the amazing lifespans of the ancients can be explained simply and easily without menstrual blood feasts. jcolavito.tripod.com /lostcivilizations/id6.html   (1637 words)

Buried Between the Rivers - The New York Review of Books Like the later Assyrians and Babylonians, the Sumerians are defined for us by their language: to be a Sumerian, whatever it meant five thousand years ago, today means a Sumerian-speaker. It is at this time also that Sumerian cylinder seals, artistic motifs, and other cultural traits are found in Egypt, suggesting some Mesopotamian stimulus in the emergence of a distinctive culture under the first dynasties there. Scholarship of the past fifty years has done much to bring this sophisticated world back to life in epics of heroic bravery and combat (most famously Gilgamesh); the loves and rivalries of the gods; the travails of their favorites on earth; proverbs and fables; and in royal and sacral hymns of praise. www.nybooks.com /articles/16552   (4833 words)

150 мифологических картин А. Фанталова. 150 mythological pictures by A. Fantalov Now I am developing the mythological theme.Fine plots of “Edda”, “Volsungasaga”, “Beowulf”, “Arthurian”, “Tain Bo Cuailnge”, “Kalevala”, Indian and Slav eposes can be used for the animated cartoons and films. The proposed course "Iconography of the Near East and European mythologies", must be a continuation of the my special course "The mythologies of the world", which was dedicated to the description of the basic mythological and epic plots. The meaning of Sumerian and Harappa arts (especially of seals) for statement of the god' basic types and plots (the Great Godess, the Horned God, the bull tormented by lion). fantalov.boom.ru   (2082 words)

American Chronicle: The Iniquitous Amhara / Tigray, Abyssinian Anti-Semitism The Sumerians, as the earliest developed people, society and nation in the History of the Mankind, are widely exposed to Abyssinian forgers’ efforts; by depicting them as ‘Khammitic’ or ‘Southern’, and by opposing them to ‘Semites’, they contribute to Anti-Semitic semiotics. In fact, the Sumerians are not Khammitic, and they are not ‘Southerners’, having lived in the north of the areas where many Semitic peoples settled in posterior times, involving the Yemenites, the Abyssinians, the Arabs. It is erroneous to pretend that the Sumerians established states “without full achievement”, since they achieved a lot in terms of Administration, Law, Education, Economy (the first derivatives were dealt with by Sumerians 5000 years before the Chicago Derivatives Exchange be opened!), Agriculture, Culture, Art. www.americanchronicle.com /articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=25165   (4131 words)

Sumerian Mythology Ch. 2 For the organization of heaven the relatively little mythological material which is available to date may be sketched as follows: Nanna, the moon-god, the major astral deity of the Sumerians, is born of Enlil, the air-god, and his wife Ninlil, the air-goddess. The remaining seven are of prime importance for the Sumerian concepts of the origin and establishment of culture and civilization on earth. According to one Sumerian tradition, it was the oldest city in Sumer, the first of the five cities founded before the flood; our myth, on the other hand, implies that the city Nippur preceded it in age. www.earth-history.com /Sumer/Kramer/kramer-ch2.htm   (13637 words)

The Akitu Festival - www.GatewaysToBabylon.com One of the legacies of the Sumerians, the people who came to Mesopotamia around the second half of the Fourth Millennium Before Common Era (3400-3100, when writing first appears) (Kramer, 1963) is a long text called Pre-Sargonic texts from Ur and the post-Sargonic Sumerian economic texts all contain the orthography á-ki-ti, which indicates that the term is not Akkadian, but perhaps then, Sumerian. Therefore, á-ki-ti may represent a mythological, ancient residence, removed from the realm of humankind, where the god/dess had once resided before choosing His/Her city. www.gatewaystobabylon.com /religion/sumerianakitu.htm   (2880 words)

Indecent Images The pictures for which he is recognized today are, for the most part, historical and mythological subjects, which he appears to have regarded as almost peripheral to his art. Waterhouse painted quite a few classical and mythological subjects — actually, one of the best things about Waterhouse was that he just painted a lot, and if you like his work there are all sorts of his pictures available in reproduction. He drew inspiration from mythological and classical sources — he was influenced by his friend and fellow medievalist William Morris, and many of his works illustrate images from Thomas Malory's Morte d'Arthur and other legends of Camelot. www.mindworkshop.com /alchemy/indcnt.html   (5372 words)

Sumerian compound-sign words - initials L through R Sumerian compound-sign words - initials L through R mythological lake, pond ('honey; date syrup' + 'ring'). adornment of the fl-headed people, such as national totems, tatoos, costumes or other symbols of the Sumerians ('ornament' + 'to be' + 'the fl-headed' + genitive). www.sumerian.org /suml-r.htm   (3277 words)

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