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	Sumgait Massacre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sumgait Massacre refers to the pogrom led primarily by Azeris that targeted the Armenian population living in the seaside town of Sumgait (known as Sumqayit in Azeri), in the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic in February 1988.
		The city of Sumgait is situated near the coast of the Caspian Sea and was perhaps one of the most polluted in the entire Soviet Union.
		Sumgait itself is only thirty kilometers north of the capital in Baku, which has many oil refineries in the Caspian Sea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sumgait_Massacre (3020 words)

	Sumgait - Sumqayit - Azerbaijan - Azerb.com
		Sumgait is the perfect example of a city resulting from the enormous industrial development effort unchained by Stalin.
		Sumgait became notorious in the recent history of Azerbaijan, as on February 29, 1988, Sumgait was the scene of killings against ethnic Armenians that set off a series of killings involving Azeris and ethnic Armenians.
		The events surrounding the Sumgait attack and a massacre of Azeris by Armenians in the Nagorno-Karabakh village of Khojaly (four years later) remain hotly debated and help deepen the rift between the two countries.
	www.travel-images.com /az-sumgait.html (698 words)

	Sumqayit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sumqayit is located about 30 kilometers (approximiately 20 miles) northwest of Azerbaijan's capital Baku, near the Caspian Sea.
		Sumqayit (Sumqayıt in Azerbaijani; former Russian name Sumgait) is a city in Azerbaijan, located near the Caspian Sea, about 30 kilometres away from the capital, Baku.
		The city has a population of 289,700, making it the third-largest city in Azerbaijan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sumgait (438 words)

	Ministry of Foreign Affairs of The Republic of Armenia Official Site
		The most violent and obviously political instance of this response are the massacres which took place on three days in February 1988 in the town of Sumgait, miles away from the territory of Nagorno Karabakh and the peaceful calls for self-determination.
		The pogroms of Armenians in Sumgait in February 1988 have the dubious honor of being the first -- the first time that ethnic cleansing was utilized in what was still Soviet space — even before this scourge of modern humanity reared its head in the Balkans.
		Massacres of Armenians in Sumgait (a city located a half an hour drive away from the Azerbaijani capital, Baku) took place in broad daylight, witnessed by numerous gapers and passers by.
	www.armeniaforeignministry.com /pr_04/040227sumgait.html (1499 words)

	Sumgait feb-27-29-1988
		Sumgait: The vigorous but mainly peaceful political activity in Karabakh and Yerevan was accompanied by a resumption of killings.
		Lola Avakyan, a 37-year-old Armenian resident of Sumgait was one of the unfortunate.
		Sumgait postscript: On March 2, 1993, the Office of Azerbaijani Procurator announced that it had recommended that President Eichibey grant an amnesty to those convicted of violent offenses against Armenians during the Sumgait pogrom.
	www.armenians.com /Genocide/Sumgait (1151 words)

	NKR Office in Washington, DC
		So does the obvious assistance of Sumgait law enforcement bodies to the mobsters and murderers, and later the involvement of officers of the Azerbaijani Interior Ministry and the KGB in the sabotage of criminal investigations and covering of criminals.
		The policy of silence around the genocide committed in Sumgait as well as the permissive attitude of the international community towards the Azeri perpetrators of the Sumgait genocide allowed the organizers and active participants of pogroms to avoid criminal punishment.
		The Sumgait tragedy and its bloody repetitions in Azerbaijan in 1988-1991, led to the disappearance of a 450,000-strong Armenian community of Azerbaijan and the military aggression against the Armenians of Nagorno Karabakh in 1992-1994.
	www.nkrusa.org /nk_conflict/sumgait_massacre.shtml (1599 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		Sumgait, Azerbaijan; 2 March 1998 (RFE/RL) -- Azerbaijan last week marked the sixth anniversary of a massacre of several hundred Azerbaijani civilians at the village of Khodzhaly in the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave.
		The prevailing view in Armenia is that the Sumgait killing was organized by the Soviet Azerbaijani authorities to intimidate ethnic Armenians in the republic, primarily those in the Nagorno-Karabakh enclave, in a bid to stop the separatist movement.
		Abdulayeva said that based on her research, what happened in Sumgait was very similar to events in the Gugark district in northwestern Armenia several months later in 1988 when, she said, 17 ethnic Azeris were slaughtered.
	www.rferl.org /features/1998/03/F.RU.980302143758.asp (1144 words)

	ERACL Theme: UNIDO Caspian Pollution Report
		The mouth coastal waters, the Sumgait coast and Baku bay are exceptional.
		The second largest industrial center of the country is Sumgait, which lies 35 km north of Baku on the northern coast of the Apsheron peninsula.
		Sumgait became during the last years of the Soviet Union one of the most polluted places in the world because of the many different harmful processes employed in its plants, including installations for the production of chlorine and caustic soda by electrolysis in cells with mercury electrodes.
	www.caspianenvironment.org /eracl/unido_7.htm (8075 words)

	ERACL Theme: UNIDO Caspian Pollution Report
		Sumgait was one of the FSU’s largest chemical complexes and caused heavy pollution of water, air and soil.
		Also in Sumgait are a large steel plant and a large aluminum smelter, as well as some textile industry.
		In the plateau region of the Alborz mountains on the slopes to the east and the Gorgan plains, due to the rich sediment type of soil and favorable climate, agricultural activities are dominant.
	www.caspianenvironment.org /eracl/unido_3.htm (2304 words)

	CER \| The environmental nightmare that is Sumgait, Azerbaijan
		Sumgait was once the industrial hub of chemical and heavy metal production in the Soviet Union.
		Situated on the Caspian coast, Sumgait is 35 km north of the capital, Baku.
		The rebirth of Sumgait would turn one of the most polluted and ecologically devastated regions of the NIS into a reformed commercial transit point between West and East.
	www.ce-review.org /00/3/smailes3.html (2671 words)

	NKR Office in Washington, DC
		Tragic events in the Azerbaijani town of Sumgait were preceded by a wave of anti-Armenian demonstrations and rallies throughout Azerbaijan in February 1988.
		The tragic events of Sumgait in late February of 1998, never received adequate political evaluation, and its organizers and the main executors not only escaped punishment, but their names remain unknown to the world.
		The suppression of the genocide in Sumgait (February 1988) and the international community's connivance to the Azerbaijani genocide-makers allowed the organizers and active participants of pogroms to escape criminal punishment, and made the continuation of bloody bacchanalia possible.
	www.nkrusa.org /nk_conflict/ethnic_cleansing_campaigns.shtml (3115 words)

	Ministry of Foreign Affairs of The Republic of Armenia Official Site
		The conflict became militarized, and the consequences were lost territories and homeless refugees.
		In court, witness Arsen Arakelian told about the malice of ambulance doctors who neither came to help his mother, suffering from a concussion, broken bones, loss of blood and burns, nor did they let him bring her inside the hospital.
		Considering that aggravation of political situation, having caused mass killings of Armenians in Sumgait and atrocities in Baku, is dangerous for Armenians living in Azerbaijan,
	www.armeniaforeignministry.com /fr/nk/sumgait-remembering.html (1630 words)

	Nagorno Karabakh and Kosovo: The Refugee Problem
		Despite the fact that the city of Sumgait was located hundreds of miles away from Nagorno Karabakh and was not related to it in any way, Azeri nationalists decided to teach a bloody lesson to all ethnic Armenians, wherever they resided in Azerbaijan.
		The legacy of the 1905 pogroms, the September 1918 slaughter of 30,000 Armenians of Baku and the March 1920 annihilation of 20,000 Armenians of Nagorno Karabakh's former capital of Shushi by Azeri and Turkish forces was revived in Azerbaijan.
		From a certain perspective, the massacres in Sumgait and Baku could be interpreted as revenge of the xenophobic, monoethnic and marginalized Azerbaijani countryside against the cosmopolitan, multicultural and well-off urban communities of the Absheron Peninsula.
	www.cilicia.com /Refugee.htm (3427 words)

	The Baby Cemetery - Sumgait, Azerbaijan - Michael Kennard :: BootsnAll Travel Network
		In Sumgait, Azerbaijan there is a cemetery with a special section where only children are buried.
		During the Soviet-era, Sumgait was the paradigm for communist industrialization.
		Locals claim during certain hours of the day, when the sun is aligned at a certain angle, the waves that gently lap at Sumgait's shores radiate an eerie fluorescent yellow glow, a byproduct of the extreme levels of ammonia pollution.
	www.bootsnall.com /articles/06-08/the-baby-cemetery-sumgait-azerbaijan.html (2856 words)

	Sumgait Pogram - Armeniapedia.org
		The February 1988 constitutional appeal of Karabakhs Armenian parliament to the Soviet leadership to transfer their region under the jurisdiction of the Armenian SSR was answered by Azerbaijan with riots and pogroms directed against the substantial ethnic Armenian population living in Azerbaijan's cities of Sumgait (pop.
		The February 1988 massacre of Armenians in Sumgait was the first episode of mass ethnic violence in the Soviet history.
		The Sumgait Tragedy: Pogroms Against Armenians in Soviet Azerbaijan (Volume I, Eyewitness Accounts) is a compilation of 36 interviews conducted by Armenian journalist Samvel Shahmuratian with 45 of the Sumgait survivors.
	www.armeniapedia.org /index.php?title=Sumgait_Pogram (1069 words)

	The Armenian Weekly Newspaper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Protesters held the photos of all the victims killed in Sumgait, including the photo of soldier Gurgen Margarian who was sadistically killed by an Azeri military officer in Budapest, and pictures evidencing the destruction of Armenian cross stones (khachkars) in Julfa, Nakhichevan.
		The statement illustrated various instances of Azeri aggression and violence against Armenians, such as the massacres in Sumgait and Baku, the forced expulsion of Armenians living in Azerbaijan, the “bloodbath imposed on Karabagh by Azerbaijan,” and the recent destruction of the Armenian cemetery in Julfa.
		The statement ended with a demand that Azerbaijan be held responsible for the massacres in Sumgait, and that it immediately stop its campaign of hatred and the destruction of Armenian monuments on the lands it controls.
	www.hairenik.com /armenianweekly/fpg03040601.htm (1406 words)

	CENTRAL ASIA - CAUCASUS ANALYST
		In a heated and tense meeting with the local governmental officials and businessmen, President Aliyev harshly criticized the socio-economic situation in the city and has fired the mayor of Sumgait Tavakkul Mammadov from his position.
		Sumgait, the city of some 300,000 people and one of the largest industrial centers of the country, has been experiencing major economic problems in the past decade.
		At the meeting in Sumgait, the President noted that the city had been ruled by "3-4 clans", composed of local businessmen, members of the executive power and their relatives.
	www.cacianalyst.org /view_article.php?articleid=1339&SMSESSION=NO (638 words)

	Sumgait : Rape, Murder, and Torture, Turkish Style
		On February 27, fanatical Azeri-Turks went on a three day rampage in Sumgait, a new industrial town 20 miles from Baku, murdering members of the town's large Armenian minority and destroying their property.
		That afternoon, there was another Azerbaijani rally, in downtown Sumgait, and then crowds of people went through the shopping area where Armenians worked, and broke windows and smashed things.
		On the same day, a proposal for the amnesty to be announced on May 28, 1993 - the 74th anniversary of the founding of the first Republic of Azerbaijan - was made in Azerbaijani parliament.
	www.geocities.com /master8885/sumgait2.html (607 words)

	REP. PALLONE MARKS SUMGAIT MASSACRES, DENOUNCES ONGOING TURKISH AND AZERBAIJANI AGGRESSION AGAINST ARMENIANS
		In his remarks, Congressman Pallone explained to his colleagues that, "in late February in 1988 in the town of Sumgait, Azerbaijan an organized attack on the Armenians of the town was carried out by Azerbaijan nationals.
		In late February in 1988 in the town of Sumgait, Azerbaijan an organized attack on the Armenians of the town was carried out by Azerbaijan nationals.
		The events in Sumgait were preceded by a wave of anti-Armenian rallies that shook the city in February 1988.
	www.anca.org /press_releases/press_releases.php?prid=905 (941 words)

	UNDP Azerbaijan
		As part of this year's IDEP commemoration, UNDP Azerbaijan decided to hold a special event in Sumgait, the country's third largest city, which has been the victim of environmental degradation and mismanagment for many years both within the former Soviet Union and within independent Azerbaijan.
		On 29 October 2002, UNDP and the Centre for Enviromental Rehabilitation of Sumgait jointly organized a Conference on Poverty and Environment in the Sumgait State University, the main educational center in the city.
		Creation of a free economic zone in Sumgait, championed by UNDP some time ago, could well be a solution, he said.
	www.un-az.org /UNDP/news/sumgait.php (466 words)

	Sumgait uprising, 1988
		On March 9, 1989 a special correspondent for the Across Frontiers magazine visited Sumgait and talked to an Azerbaijani militiaman who had been in the cordoning detail during the Armenian massacres of 1988.
		In Sumgait there are a great number of young people, not natives by and large, who aren't happy with their living conditions.
		According to the media reports one of those who had claimed to suffer from Armenians "was by no means the peaceful resident of Kafan he made himself out to be; instead, he was a convicted recidivist, now a sponger, with no permanent address...
	budapest.sumgait.info /sumgait-af.htm (901 words)

	2 Azerbaijani Officials Dismissed Over Rioting - New York Times
		The Communist Party chief of the Azerbaijani city of Sumgait, where at least 32 people were killed in attacks against Armenians last month, has been dismissed for ''major shortcomings'' in his work, officials said today.
		The new Sumgait Party leader was reported to be Salekh Gadzhiyev, who had been Prime Minister in Nakhichevan, an Azerbaijani enclave inside Armenia, on the Soviet border with Turkey and Iran.
		The new Sumgait Mayor was identified as R. Eminbeili, according to editors at the Azerbaijani Party daily Bakinsky Rabochy.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE7DA1530F93BA25750C0A96E948260 (192 words)

	Armenians Mark Sumgait Massacre Anniversary - Armenia Diaspora Conference Official Site
		Yerevan, February 28, Armenpress: The leadership of Armenia, led by president Robert Kocharian, visited a memorial today in a Yerevan hill to lay a wreath to the monument erected in commemoration of innocent Armenians killed brutally by Azeri mobs in 1988 in Sumgait.
		On February 22, a crowd numbering thousands of people, started to move towards Stepanakert from the neighboring Azerbaijani region of Agdam "to restore order." Bloodshed was very narrowly avoided.
		andnbsp;andnbsp; Massacres of Armenians in Sumgait (a city located a half an hour drive away from the Azerbaijani capital, Baku) took place in broad daylight, witnessed by numerous gapers and passers by.
	www.armeniadiaspora.com /ADC/news.asp?id=766 (1158 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		European Parliament, July 1988 IT STARTED WITH SUMGAIT The Nagorno Karabakh problem was transformed from a series of peaceful demonstrations to a militarized conflict because of the Azerbaijani government’s violent and repressive response to a people’s orderly call for self-determination.
		THE HORRORS OF SUMGAIT — February 1988 Massacres of Armenians in Sumgait (a city located a half an hour drive away from the Azerbaijani capital, Baku) took place in broad daylight, witnessed by numerous gapers and passers by.
		THE CONSEQUENCES OF SUMGAIT The Azeri leadership, then and now, never expressed remorse over the ethnic cleansing and massacres of the Armenians of Azerbaijan, or the Armenians of Karabakh.
	www.armembassycanada.ca /embassy/sumgait.doc (1516 words)

	Azerbaijan
		In Sumgait, a bleak industrial town north of Baku with mile after mile of derelict factories, Protestants have faced a lot of pressure from the local authorities.
		We replied that there is freedom of conscience in the country." The head of the Sumgait police summoned the two to his office and told them they would each get 15 days in prison, then they were taken to a brief hearing.
		The Sumgait procurator investigated the case, Pastor Byakov told Keston, and summoned five police majors to tell them that they had no right to beat or insult those they had detained.
	jmm.aaa.net.au /articles/186.htm (2737 words)

	Azerbaijan's post-industrial hangover
		Aslan Abbasov stands in the middle of the state run Azerchimia chemical factory in Sumgait, a vast Soviet built industrial complex 20km north of Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan.
		Up until that time the industrial centre of Sumgait had been one of the most important producers of chemicals and associated materials in the former USSR.
		Yet though revenues from oil might provide a solution at Sumgait, oil is also the cause of Azerbaijan's other main environmental problem.
	www.headlice.org /lindane/new/2005/azerchimia.htm (913 words)

	Asbarez Online - February 27, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The pogroms of Sumgait Armenians in February 1988 were the first instance of ethnic cleansing in what was still Soviet territory.
		Documents corroborating the Sumgait massacres are currently in the hands of authorities throughout 12 former republics of the Soviet Union, where legal proceedings were launched.
		He welcomed the initiative of Karabagh youth, and drew parallels between the 1988 events in Sumgait and the murder in Budapest, saying that in both cases, the criminals were not denounced, but greeted as heroes in Azerbaijan.
	www.asbarez.com /aol/2004/040227.htm (1489 words)

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