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Topic: Summer Palace (Russia)

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	Russia History. Information about Russia.
		Invasions of Russia at that time were conducted from the west as well, by the Swedes (1240) and then by the Livonian knights (1242), a regional branch of Teutonic Union.
		Certainly he modernized Russia's military and its administrative structure, but both of these reforms were financed at the expense of the peasantry, who were increasingly forced into serfdom.
		Russia's influence in European affairs, as well as its territory in Eastern and Central Europe, were increased and expanded.
	www.visitrussia.com /guide/history.htm (3121 words)

	The State Russian Museum. museum.
		In the early 18th century the Summer Palace was washed by water on three sides: from the North the Neva river was in close proximity, from the East - the Fontanka river, from the South there was a small harbour.
		As the palace was situated on a peninsula it was decided to arrange a flowing-cleansing drainage in it.
		Thus, the Summer Palace is not only one of the first stone buildings in Saint-Petersburg, "the origin of the city", but also a unique sample of the architectural work of its founder reflecting the peculiarities of Peter▓s character.
	www.rusmuseum.ru /eng/museum/palaces/sad/dvorec.html (1693 words)

	Summer Palace (Russia) information - Search.com
		The Summer Palace is the name of three Russian royal residences in St Petersburg, of which only one survives to the present.
		The palace is now a museum and both the house and the adjacent Summer Garden are open to the public.
		The second palace was the chief residence of Empress Elizabeth in the Russian capital.
	www.search.com /reference/Summer_Palace_(Russia) (368 words)

	Great Buildings Online - Master Buildings List 2007.0222
		Palace at Knossos, by unknown, at Knossos, Crete, -1700 to -1400.
		Potala Palace, by unknown, at Lhasa, Tibet, 1642 to 1650.
		Stoclet Palace, by Josef Hoffmann, at Brussels, or Bruxelles, Belgium, 1905 to 1911.
	www.greatbuildings.com /buildings.html (11336 words)

	Summer Palace of Peter the Great in St. Petersburg, Russia
		Across the river from the Peter and Paul Fortress and Peter the Great's domik is the historic Summer Garden.
		The palace had no heating and was intended for summer time, hence its name - the Summer Palace (Peter had a Winter Palace further down the Neva River) - and the park became known as the Summer Garden.
		After the Second World War the palace was carefully restored: the older interiors were recreated and a collection of early 18th-century artifacts, many originally owned by Peter the Great, was put on display.
	www.cityvision2000.com /city_tour/summer.htm (173 words)

	The Catherine Palace
		The first attempt to expand the palace was undertaken during the reign of Empress Elizabeth according to plans by Mikhail Zemtsov at the end of 1742 and beginning of 1743.
		The palace's new owner, Empress Catherine II, with her penchant for antique art, demanded her own personal quarters in the palace, decorated by Charles Cameron.
		The palace interiors created by this architect in the classical style are remarkable for their exquisite beauty, austerity of decoration and certain flair for selection of decorative materials.
	eng.tzar.ru /catherine (890 words)

	summer palace / All Summer Things
		Summer Palace is up to now the best preserved and the largest imperial gardens in China.
		Historic Queen Emma Summer Palace in Honolulu, Oahu, and Hulihee Palace in Kona, on the Big Island of Hawaii, operated and maintained by the Daughters of Hawaii, a non-profit organization.
		The Summer Palace, Yiheyhun, is located in the northwest area of...
	camplaforet.org /summer-palace (270 words)

	The Summer Garden and Palace of Peter I
		In the southern part of the Summer Garden was the Swan Lake (Karpiev Pond) with a multi-jet fountain in the middle, plus there were several reservoirs for the breeding of water fowl and various kinds of fish.
		The palace was decorated with a frieze of 29 bas-reliefs by the German architect Andreas Schlüter, depicting scenes from ancient myths and victorious Russia's battles in the Severnaya (Northern) war.
		The appearance of this sturdy fence was altered in the late 1860s when a chapel, commemorating the unsuccessful terrorist attempt to assassinate Alexander II in the Summer Garden on April 4th 1866, was built right in the face close to the entrance of the park.
	www.nevsky-prospekt.com /summer.html (1411 words)

	MBG: Research: Russia: Ornamental plants from Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Thus, the Summer Garden and the Summer Palace in St. Petersburg were built right on the bank of the Neva River.
		This Palace and all the decoration of the living rooms are kept in their original state.
		The Summer Palace, which is situated close to the Fountain River was, in the days of Peter I, surrounded by water on three sides.
	www.mobot.org /MOBOT/Research/russia/russia_land.shtml (2544 words)

	A Short History of the Palace - Alexander Palace Time Machine
		The Alexander Palace was ordered by Catherine the Great for her grandson, the future Alexander I. She began to plan for the building when he was quite young and intended to present it to him when he became an adult.
		His mother continued to live in the palace and Alexander's use of it was limited until her death in the palace.
		The palace was to be stripped and restored as a generic 19th century palace - any restoration that presented the private lives of the last Tsar and his family were forbidden.
	www.alexanderpalace.org /palace/history.html (2983 words)

	[No title]
		The palace itself used to be a home for the tsars and their families which they occupied during some of the winter months of the year.
		When Russia became part of the Soviet Union, the name of the city was changed to Leningrad after the Communist leader Vladimir Illiytch Lenin, but the capital of Russia was also changed to Moscow.
		There are hundreds of fountains on the palace grounds which, along with its gardens and elaborate buildings, add to the beauty of it.
	www.ncsu.edu /midlink/Russia/st.petersburg.html (343 words)

	Study Abroad in St.Petersburg: Excursions
		A modest two-story building of bricks and stucco - one of the first such structures in the city - the new palace was really only a small step up from the wooden cottage in which Peter had previously lived on the other side of the river.
		The palace rooms were divided equally between husband and wife: Peter occupied the first floor, while Catherine took over the top floor.
		The room is dominated by a huge meteorological device (below left), which is connected to the palace weather van and measures the strength and direction of the wind.
	www.chfa.uni.edu /StPetersburg/excursions/SummerPalace.asp (361 words)

	RNG - Excursions - St. Petersburg
		It is the largest museum in Russia and one of the most famous museum all over the world.
		The museum has rich collections of porcelain, armor, furniture; the interiors of the most rooms and grand halls of Winter palace and Small Hermitage are like museum exhibits.
		Walk in the park with fountains during that period is combined with excursion to the Grand Palace - the masterpiece of Petersburg architects of the 18th century.
	www.russia-travel.com /excursions/stpeter (476 words)

	Summer Gardens and Peter I Summer Palace
		The ensemble of the Summer Gardens and Peter Fs Summer Palace is a magnificent example of early 18th century Russian architecture and landscape gardening.
		The strict, modest facades of the Summer Palace (1710-14, architects Domenico Trezzini and Andreas Schluter) are decorated with 29 basreliefs which extol Russia's naval glory.
		In spite of the fact that the palace has undergone numerous reconstructions, the finish and decor of the vestibules, the oak stairs and the upper and lower kitchens have survived.
	www.hotelsrussia.net /content/lnk018.aspx (421 words)

	Russia Vacations, Tours, Russia Luxury River Cruises, Russia Honeymoons, Hotels and Resorts
		Russia is known for long, extremly cold winters, however in the summer it is an entirely different story.
		Russia, particularly on its thriving cultural capitals of Moscow and St. Petersburg has a perfect climate in the summer, the season is short so Russians know how to enjoy every moment having numerous fun festivities and exciting events.
		During Russia's white nights of summer the dusk is greeted by the dawn, so you can gaze at the Red Square, the Kremlin or stroll the the scenic destination well into night without streetlights.
	www.travelwizard.com /europe/russia-vacations (1012 words)

	St. Petersburg, Russia : Side Trips : Peterhof (Petrodvorets) \| Frommers.com
		Going to Peter the Great's summer palace by ferry or hydrofoil enhances the pleasure of the experience, giving you a sense of Peter's maritime ambitions and of the region's role as Russia's western frontier.
		The palace was occupied by the Nazis during World War II and suffered severe damage; its painstaking renovation became the region's pride.
		Admission to the palace costs $12 adults, $6 college students and children; admission to the park alone costs $7 adults, $3.50 students and children.
	www.frommers.com /destinations/stpetersburgrussia/3283020835.html (1087 words)

	The Summer Palace of Emperor Peter the Great in St. Petersburg
		The small palace, built in the delightful Summer Garden, contains just 14 rooms and was the summer residence of Peter the Great and his family from 1712 until the Emperor's death in 1725.
		Although many of the palace's interiors were redesigned in the 18th and the 19th centuries, they were all meticulously restored to their former glory soon after the end of WWII.
		A rather overgrown park filled with marble statues and park pavilions now surrounds the Summer Palace, but in the early 18th century, the garden was much more formal and was filled with trimmed trees and bushes (collected from all over Europe), fountains and even a grotto.
	www.saint-petersburg.com /museums/summer-palace.asp (423 words)

	Guggenheim Museum - Exhibitions - Russia! - Highlights
		Between 1714 and 1725, his Summer Palace was built, and he adorned its Summer Gardens with antique sculptures of pagan gods.
		In her desire to bring the best of culture to Russia, she began to acquire foreign collections of art beginning in 1764, which she housed principally in the Winter Palace, completed in 1762, and the Catherine Palace, her summer residence in Tsarskoe Selo.
		In 1765–66, an addition to the Winter Palace known as the Small Hermitage was built with side galleries for her art, and in 1771 she initiated work on the Great Hermitage, erected to house the imperial art collections.
	www.guggenheim.org /russia/highlights2.html (706 words)

	Summer Gardens and Peter I Summer Palace
		The ensemble of the Summer Gardens and Peter Fs Summer Palace is a magnificent example of early 18th century Russian architecture and landscape gardening.
		The strict, modest facades of the Summer Palace (1710-14, architects Domenico Trezzini and Andreas Schluter) are decorated with 29 basreliefs which extol Russia's naval glory.
		In spite of the fact that the palace has undergone numerous reconstructions, the finish and decor of the vestibules, the oak stairs and the upper and lower kitchens have survived.
	www.destinationrussia.com /content/lnk018.aspx (421 words)

	SAINT-PETERSBURG RUSSIA \| Summer Garden and Summer Palace excursion \| trip to russia
		The Summer Garden and Summer Palace of Peter the Great is the famous place for getting a rest and have a walk any time a year.
		The palace had no heating and was intended for summer time.
		Summer Garden and Palace is open daily except Tuesdays and the last Monday of every month, from 11:00 a.m to 5:30 p.m.
	www.globe-tour.ru /index.php?PART_CODE=EN&PAGE_CODE=EXC&excursion_id=6 (663 words)

	Summer Study Abroad St. Petersburg
		If you are considering a study abroad experience during the summer of 2008, imagine being able to study and live in Russia from May 30th through July 1st.
		Russia’s economy will be looked at from the international perspective – adapting to new realities as an emerging economy.
		Although Russia’s capital became Moscow during the Soviet period, Leningrad (St. Petersburg) was always an important second city with strong links to the Party Center.
	www.highlands.edu /academics/extended/indexval.htm (3418 words)

	CNN.com - Bush to Putin: NATO no threat - Nov. 22, 2002
		Ivanov, representing Russia in Prague, signalled acceptance of NATO enlargement, telling reporters the alliance's new military posture meant it would now be confronting the same terrorist threats as Russia.
		Russia has been reluctant to take on Iraqi President Saddam Hussein because his government owes $8 billion for equipment the Soviets sold Baghdad during the 1980s and its war with Iran.
		Russia remains against the United States taking unilateral military action if Iraq interferes with U.N. weapons inspections, but Bush is expected to reserve the U.S. right to do so.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/WORLD/europe/11/22/russia.putin.bush1010/index.html (1054 words)

	Russia - Peter the Great's Summer Palace - St. Petersburg, Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Known as Peterhof, the summer palace of Peter the Great is a very impressive area.
		The palace is arranged with a central rectangle format over roughly two or three acres.
		Russia's Lidiya Grigoryeva won the Boston Marathon's women's race on Monday becoming the first non-Kenyan woman to win in eight years and first Russian to take the top prize in 14 years.
	www.travel-russia-guides.com /Peter_the_Great_s_Summer_Palace_St_Petersburg_Russia.php (1057 words)

	Welcome to St. Petersburg, Russia
		The rural property is larger than the Winter Palace and every bit as lavish.
		The Large Palace Church - Catherine's chapel - are topped with intriguing golden domes.
		Now that Russia is on the move, it's easy to forget how much adversity they've endured.
	www.hal-pc.org /~farleycw/QTravels/Scandinavia_Files/Russia.html (262 words)

	Cruise in Russia
		Vladamir Mayakovski, her namesake, was a founder of the futurist literary movement in Russia at the beginning of the 20th century.
		Outside the city, in Pushkin, is the Catherine Palace, which served as a summer palace.
		In addition to the many palaces she maintained for her personal use, she had a habit of building a palace for each of her favorite lovers who numbered not just a few.
	www.biz2web.com /grant/Russia.htm (3824 words)

	In Search of St. Petersburg -- Russia's Crown Jewel City: Both Polished and Tarnished
		Russia started down a socialist course that evolved under Stalin to the point where the totalitarian Soviet state owned, operated, and "shared" all property and information with its citizens.
		On a warm, sultry summer day with no air conditioning the masterpieces were being subjected to ruinous temperature and humidity…more tarnish on the jewel.
		When we heard her response, we no longer wondered why organized crime is reported to control 30-40% of Russia’s economy, why there appeared to be a high number of loiterers and beggars, even why most young couples avoid marriage in order to avoid government recognition.
	www.highonadventure.com /Hoa02jun/Russia/stpetersburg.htm (1528 words)

	The Summer Garden and Summer Palace of Peter the Great in St. Petersburg, Russia
		The palace had no heating and was intended only for summer time use, hence its name "Summer Palace", as opposed to the "Winter Palace" that Peter had built just down the same embankment of the Neva.
		The Summer Palace, a small two-storey yellow building, was built between 1710 and 1714, with 7 rooms on each floor.
		It is always a great pleasure to take a stroll down the alleys of the Summer Garden, passing by the palace, the marvelous marble statues and the pond.
	www.saint-petersburg.com /virtual-tour/summer-palace.asp (349 words)

	The State Russian Museum
		The main facade of the palace with an exquisite portico and an entrance flanked by two sculptures of lions is a focal point of the Arts Square.The palace was built in 1819-25 by the architect Carlo Rossi for Grand Duke Mikhail (younger brother of Alexander I and Nicholas I).
		In the end of the 19th century the palace was bought by the government and was given to the newly-formed Russian Museum of Emperor Alexander III.
		The palace was damaged during World War II (the Siege of Leningrad), but was soon restored and last year revamped again for this year's Centennial celebrations.
	www.destinationrussia.com /content/lnk039.aspx (324 words)

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