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Topic: Summitville mine

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	Remote Sensing Project
		The Summitville mining area is located in the southeastern portion of the San Juan Mountains, in Rio Grande County, approximately 60 miles west of Alamosa Colorado.
		Remote sensing of the Summitville area was undertaken to assess the ecological impact of the Summitville mine.
		One observation from the data is that the mine is not a significant source of OH pollution to the Wightman Creek.
	www.emporia.edu /earthsci/student/lawrence1/lawrence.htm (2240 words)

	Mine Drainage Applications -- Octolig Metal Removal Systems by Metre-General, Inc.
		After the addition of lime to the mine drainage water, the heavy metal concentrations remaining in the drainage water usually are greater than the permitted limits.
		At the Summitville mine near Del Norte, Colorado, an on-site pilot plant was operated on the drainage water from the cyanide destruction process (CDP).
		Although, the mine is a gold mine, the primary contaminating metal in the mine drainage water is zinc.
	www.octolig.com /mine.html (614 words)

	Summitville mine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The mining involved the treatment of pyritic ore with a sodium cyanide solution to leach the gold out of the ore—heap leaching (see also cyanide process).
		The mining operations were finished in October 1991 with the leaching continuing until March 1992.
		As a result, the Summitville mine spill was the worst cyanide spill in American history.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Summitville_mine (552 words)

	Green Line 14-3, Fall/Winter 2003
		Mining at Summitville was marginal because the ore did not contain significant amounts valuable metals.
		The miners and their families were known to have lived in the town of Summitville year round, though there could be on average 30 feet of snow through the winter in the extremely remote region.
		The Summitville disaster resulted in uncontrolled acid mine drainage and contaminant releases to the Alamosa River in the late 1980's and by 1990 large fish kills were documented in the river and in Terrace Reservoir 20 miles downstream of the site and beyond.
	webspinners.com /riparian/GreenLine/V14-3/Summitville.php (986 words)

	Summitville, CO - An Environmental Disaster
		Summitville is especially vulnerable to the environmental danger of acid mine drainage because all of the rocks there have lost their capability to buffer acids due to acid sulfide hydrothermal alteration.
		The extent to which metals from Summitville affect the soil in these areas is of some concern and studies of sediment from the Wightman fork suggest that arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, nickel, manganese, and zinc are present in the water.
		There are several topsoil stockpiles at the Summitville mine, which were employed in the reclamation of the open pit, the Cropsy waste dump, and the heap leach pad.
	www.coloradocollege.edu /Dept/GY/Faculty/WPhillips/johnwanke.html (2589 words)

	SLV Dweller: - Summitville Archives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		His name is familiar in the mining world for a leaking dam that led to the cyanide pollution of a 17-mile stretch of the Alamosa River in Colorado.
		A river poisoned by acid mine runoff is not the usual setting for a community to come together, but the notorious Summitville mining disaster upstream made residents want action.
		The history of Summitville Mine is further amplified by a discussion of the downstream effects of the mine.
	www.slvdweller.com /archives/cat__summitville.html (1672 words)

	Summitville, the Exxon Valdez of the Mining Industry \| Sprol
		Summitville was mined off and on through the early 1900s up to the 1940s, and a bit in the 1960s.
		Summitville's $222 million start-up costs were bankrolled mainly by European investors, with the Bank of America chipping in $30 million after Bechtel, the world's biggest civil engineering company, signed on to design and engineer the mine.
		The Summitville disaster brought mining methods to the public eye in Colorado, and in 1993, a mining reform bill was passed to prevent another Summitville and strengthen the state's authority.
	www.sprol.com /?p=268 (4593 words)

	BUSH PRESIDENCY
		Norton, 46, was the attorney general in Colorado when the Alamosa was sterilized with waste from the Summitville mine, and it was under her that many of the legal proceedings against the mine were initiated.
		But in the Summitville case, it was the federal government that stepped in, acting on an emergency basis after the poisoning of the river to avert an even larger disaster, and later winning felony criminal convictions against many of the corporate owners of the mine.
		The mine was supposed to be supervised by the state, but from the very beginning, according to court documents, the plastic linings of containment ponds that held the stew of toxic waste were not properly installed — and the state never caught the problem.
	www.shockandawe.us /archives/BushPresidency/010107b.htm (1869 words)

	More from the EPA Toxic Mine Waste Disposal Study
		The Summitville mine was built in the 1980's and operated into the early 1990's using waste management practices that are typical of modem gold mining.
		When mining phosphate, the overburden is removed, and the phosphate ore is dug up and placed in small pits were it is broken up with water cannons and slurried to the mill.
		Mines were required to clean up a wide range of environmental problems including the collection and treatment of acid rock drainage, the management of unauthorized discharges to streams, leakage of cyanide solutions, and nitrate contamination of groundwater.
	www.nocrandonmine.com /wsn/mining/Bevill2.html (2889 words)

	Reclamation Study Introduction
		The Summitville Mine disaster is a classic example how a lack of proper bonding or an emergency disaster fund can result in unnecessary public costs.
		The Summitville Mine has averaged $30,000 per day in remediation The EPA has spent $130 million on cleanup to date and expects the final bill to top $160 million.
		Their mine permit application for a project near the town of Lynne in north central Wisconsin was withdrawn because of conflicts with wetland protection laws.
	www.nocrandonmine.com /wsn/mining/reclamintro.html (1894 words)

	Cyanide ban demanded at Crandon mine
		Because mining wastes are not subject to hazardous waste laws, NMC plans to landfill waste cyanide in its mine waste dump and underground in the abandoned mine.
		The mining company wants to exempt the Crandon mine from the cyanide ban by restricting the ban to type of ore processing that would not be used at the mine.
		But problems with cyanide in mining are not only during the ore processing, which separates the metal from the ore, but mainly with the transportation of cyanide before the processing, and the storage of cyanide wastes after the processing.
	www.alphacdc.com /treaty/cyanide.html (2686 words)

	Pure water is more precious than gold
		In all cases, contaminants from the hardrock mining process were the cause of pollution; additionally, in all examples cited here, the operations were subject to extensive engineering design and environmental review processes conducted by governmental bodies – both local and federal.
		Located in south central Colorado, the Summitville Gold Mine was an open pit heap leach gold mine that used cyanide to extract gold from the ore. The mine operated from July 1986 through October 1991 – when it was abandoned and its operator, Summitville Consolidated Mining Corp. Inc.
		The Alamosa River downstream of the Summitville Mine is used extensively for livestock watering and agricultural irrigation.
	www.bristolbayalliance.com /mines_and_fish.htm (1721 words)

	USGS OFR 95-0023: On-Line Update THE SUMMITVILLE MINE AND ITS DOWNSTREAM EFFECTS
		The Summitville gold mine, located at ~3800 meters (11,500 ft) elevation in the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado, was the focus of extensive public attention in 1992 and 1993 for environmental problems stemming from recent open-pit mining activities.
		Summitville catalyzed national debates about the environmental effects of modern mining activities, and became the focus of arguments for proposed revisions to the 1872 Mining Law governing mining activities on public lands.
		The Summitville mine drainage waters are among the most acidic and metal-rich in Colorado (Plumlee and others, 1995b), with pH generally below 3 and high to extreme concentrations of iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, arsenic, and other metals.
	pubs.usgs.gov /of/1995/ofr-95-0023/summit.htm (3994 words)

	MUCKRAKER :: Programs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Mining officials and their supporters in Congress say such changes could spell disaster for the industry, forcing them to abandon prospecting in the West and go overseas.
		Even today, in the wake of the Summitville disaster, Friedland at age 43 is busy developing and managing through his Ivanhoe Capital Corporation a host of mining ventures in locales that range from the Venezuelan rain forest to the ocean floor off Namibia.
		Toxic waste was spilling from the mine, the result of a miscalccullation about heavy run-off from the area's snow and rain, as well as leaks from the heap-leach liner, which was never fully repaired.
	www.muckraker.org /pg_inv_sources-63-435.html (2411 words)

	Canadian court freezes stock of mine owner to compel cleanup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The U.S. government's goal is to force Friedland, former chairman of the mining company, to personally pay for the massive detoxification of the southern Colorado mine, which leaked toxic wastes, killed 17 miles of river and forced an emergency takeover by the Environmental Protection Agency in December 1992.
		The Summitville Consolidated Mining Co. pleaded guilty this year to 40 environmental felonies and was assessed $20 million in fines.
		Two years later, when the EPA took over the bankrupt Summitville mine, Friedland denied any wrongdoing, maintaining that the key environmental decisions at the mine were made by others.
	www.uswaternews.com /archives/arcrights/6ctfreeze.html (571 words)

	ninathedog: Interior Secretary Gale Norton is resigning
		Under a 1872 mining law, companies or individuals are able to buy the public land on which they make their mining claim for only $2.50 an acre, a condition that the departing interior secretary, Bruce Babbitt, has ridiculed as a giveaway of epic proportions.
		At the time, the mine was leaching gold with cyanide, Colorado was in a deep recession and its Legislature cut back on enforcement and regulation of mining operations.
		Several corporate leaders of the mine were indicted by a federal grand jury and pleaded guilty to numerous felonies, including failure to disclose discharge of toxic waste.
	ninathedog.livejournal.com /536364.html (2478 words)

	Toxics Program Bibliography-Downstream Effects from Mining (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Watershed Contamination from Hard-Rock Mining — The Summitville Mine and its Downstream Effects — Summitville Mine, Colorado
		Impact of the Summitville Mine on irrigation water and alfalfa in the southwestern San Luis Valley, Colorado, in 1995 Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration Annual Meeting and Exhibit, Supplement to Mining Engineering, Denver, Colorado, March 6-9, 1995: Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, p.
		Impact of the Summitville Mine on irrigation water, agricultural soils, and alfalfa in the southwestern San Luis Valley, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-616, 4 p.
	toxics.usgs.gov /bib/bib-Summitville.html (846 words)

	Summitville Mine - EPA Region 8 Superfund (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is an abandoned gold mine that was leaking cyanide, acid and metal-laden mine water into the headwaters of the Alamosa River.
		Pyritic, gold-bearing ore was mined, crushed and stacked or heaped on a multi-layered, lined pad.
		The mining greatly increased the acidity and dissolved metals in the surrounding streams, damaging aquatic life.
	www.epa.gov /region8/superfund/sites/co/sville.html (765 words)

	Pure water is more precious than gold
		In 1992, the Salmon Challis National Forest permitted the Grouse Creek mine, assuring the public that “the tailings impoundment is a zero discharge facility” and “no significant impacts on water quality are expected to occur from the proposed project.”9 Yet, soon after mining began, the tailings impoundment began to leak.
		The Summitville mine, which is located at the headwaters of the Alamosa River, was permitted as a “zero-discharge” mine.19 The company and governmental agencies did not predict or authorize discharges into rivers or streams.
		Although the mine ceased operating ten years ago, water from the mine adit discharges high levels of copper – a pollutant of particular concern because trout are vulnerable to copper at very low concentrations.
	www.bristolbayalliance.com /mines_and_water.htm (1617 words)

	ATSDR - PHA - SUMMITVILLE MINE, SUMMITVILLE (DEL NORTE), RIO GRANDE COUNTY, COLORADO
		The Summitville technical assistance grant (TAG) coordinator received copies of the PHA for distribution to a local citizens group.
		If drainage from Summitville were eliminated, it might be difficult to reestablish fish in the Alamosa River downstream of the mine site from Wightman Fork to a location above its confluence with Fern Creek because of drainage from Bitter, Alum and Iron Creeks.
		Impact of the Summitville Mine on irrigation water, agricultural soils, and alfalfa in the southwestern San Luis Valley, CO. United States Geological Survey open file report 93-616.
	www.atsdr.cdc.gov /HAC/PHA/summit/sum_p4.html (2868 words)

	EPA Region 8 - Mountains & Plains - Environmental Protection Agency
		The public comment period was held from August 27 thru November 30 and the Response to Comments and the decision to change the location of the water treatment plant was announced in January of 2004.
		On December 3, 1992, the Summitville Consolidated Mining Company, Inc. the operator of the mine, announced pending bankruptcy and informed the State of Colorado that financial support for Site operations would not continue beyond December 15, 1992.
		Mining operations deforested and greatly disturbed most of the land area at Summitville.
	www.epa.gov /region08/superfund/co/summitville/index.html (1723 words)

	San Juan Mountains - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The last large scale holdouts were the Standard Metals operation on Red Mountain Pass which operated until late in the 20th century and the ill-fated Summitville mine on the eastern slope of the San Juans.
		The Summitville mine was the scene of a major environmental disaster in the 1990s when the hastily installed liner of a cyanide-laced tailing pond began leaking heavily.
		Summitville is in the Summitville caldera one of many extinct volcanoes making up the San Juan Volcanic Field.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/San_Juan_Mountains (470 words)

	Summitville Mine
		This mine closed in 1990 but is still having a strong impact on the region.
		It is estimated that at least $120 million will be required to clean up the bankrupt Galactic Resources company's toxic mining site, which has damaged 17 miles of river.
		The former chairman of Galactic Resources, Robert Friedland (aka "toxic Bob") should have no problem paying off the millions in fines levied against him, as he is listed as one of the wealthiest people in Canada.
	ludb.clui.org /ex/i/CO3140 (101 words)

	JBHolston.com::: JBHolston.com ::: working. business. fact. fiction.
		During this time, toxic mine waste that included copper, iron, manganese, zinc, aluminum, and cadmium was dumped into the headwaters of the Alamosa River, causing a massive fish kill in the Alamosa River and the Terrace Reservoir.
		Acid mine drainage, which occurs when sulfur-bearing rock is exposed to water, has affected the entire length of the river.
		International financier Robert Friedland is the founder and Chairman of Ivanhoe Mines Ltd., a Canadian public company whose copper and gold discoveries in Mongolia have sparked a gold rush by western mining companies during the past two years.
	www.jbholston.com /mtype/000376.html (1304 words)

	Case Study
		EPA regulators have concluded that acid mine drainage into Cropsy Creek and Wightman Fork is the largest environmental threat and have long-term plans to attempt to "cap" the ore piles with a water-repellent clay layer that will reduce the percolation of rain and snowmelt through the fractured ore.(15)
		Hard-rock mining is an economic activity with deep roots among many of Colorado's mountain denizens, particularly in towns where harsh weather and remoteness from urban centers can make eking out a living difficult.
		The Summitville situation poses human rights issues in two senses: first, that the governments overseeing the area have an obligation to protect neighboring citizens from hazardous pollutants and secondly, in the question of the right of Canadian citizens to have access to information about a Canadian corporate entity's actions or alleged actions in another nation.
	www.american.edu /projects/mandala/TED/summit.htm (1181 words)

	High Country News -- June 19, 2000: Colorado considers a mining ban (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Summitville Mine operated as an open-pit, heap-leach gold mine from 1986 until 1992, when the Summitville Consolidated Mining Corp., Inc., declared bankruptcy and abandoned the mine to the state and federal governments.
		Summitville attracted worldwide attention in 1990, when all aquatic life for 17 miles in the Alamosa River died.
		As state and federal officials struggle to clean up the Summitville mess, the Colorado Mining Association is defending its ability to open and expand cyanide heap-leach mines in the state.
	www.hcn.org /servlets/hcn.Article?article_id=5876 (1449 words)

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