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| | Background of Confusius, Lao Tzu, Chuang Tzu, Mencius and Sun Tzu |
 | | Mo Zi advocated universal love, the love for all without discrimination, and his love was totally different from the concept of benevolence taught by Confucius. |
 | | Zhuang Zi's denial of the differences between right and wrong, life and death, oneself and others, illusion and reality, his antagonism to progress and his longing for a return to the prehistoric times, reflected a deep sense of pessimism, similar to that expressed in Lao Zi. |
 | | Xun Zi's concept of nature was a step forward compared to the naive materialism or atheism initiated during the Spring and Autumn Period, and he also spoke of benevolence, but he emphasized the importance of rites. |
| www.chinavoc.com /history/dongzhou/backofthink.htm (1099 words) |
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