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Topic: Sunda shelf

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	Introduction
		The largest shelf regions are found in the Arctic Ocean, from Siberia to the Bering Sea and in the Canadian Archipelago south to Hudson Bay.
		Other large shelf regions include the European shelf seas, the shallow seas along eastern Asia (Sea of Okchotsk, East China and Yellow Sea), the shelf of south-east Asia and Australia (Sunda Shelf and Arafura and Timor Seas), the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, the Patagonian Shelf and the Persian Gulf.
		As the tidal wave approaches the continental shelf its amplitude increases (just as the amplitude of wind waves increases as they approach the shore and the water becomes increasingly shallower) and propagation of the wave crest is retarded.
	ioc.unesco.org /oceanteacher/OceanTeacher2/other/ShelfCoastOc/notes/chapter01.html (2663 words)

	Book Encyclopedia - Web Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Geologically, the Sunda Shelf is an extension of the continental shelf of Southeast Asia, covered during interglacials by the South China Sea, which isolates as islands Borneo, Sumatra Java and smaller islands.
		During Glacial periods, the sea level falls, and great expanses of the Sunda Shelf are exposed as a marshy plain.
		Steep undersea gradients separate the Sunda Shelf from the Philippines, Sulawesi and the Lesser Sunda Islands, where the dividing line, passing between Bali and Lombok, is marked by a major discontinuity in fauna that is known as the Wallace Line from Alfred Russel Wallace, the biologist who first recognized it in the 19th century.
	www.bookencyclopedia.com /index.php?title=Sunda_Shelf (132 words)

	Continental shelf - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent, which is covered during interglacial periods such as the one we live in by relatively shallow seas and gulfs.
		It is quite common for an area to have virtually no shelf at all, especially where the foreedge of an advancing oceanic plate dives beneath continental crust in an offshore subduction zone such as off the coasts of Chile or the west coast of Sumatra.
		Sovereign rights over their continental shelves were claimed by the marine nations that signed the Convention on the Continental Shelf drawn up by the UN's International Law Commission in 1958,[1] partly superseded by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Continental_shelf (392 words)

	Continental shelf Summary
		The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent, which is covered during interglacial periods such as the current epoch by relatively shallow seas (known as shelf seas) and gulfs.
		It is common for an area to have virtually no shelf at all, especially where the forward edge of an advancing oceanic plate dives beneath continental crust in an offshore subduction zone such as off the coasts of Chile or the west coast of Sumatra.
		The pelagic (water column) environment of the continental shelf constitutes the neritic zone, and the benthic (sea floor) province of the shelf is the sublittoral zone.(Pinet 316-17, 418-19)
	www.bookrags.com /Continental_shelf (1211 words)

	Euphausiids of Southeast Asian waters
		The southern shelf and the basin region of the South China Sea yielded the greatest biomass during the southwest monsoon season when flow was from the direction of adjacent neritic waters to the southwest.
		The South China Sea basin, though the largest basin in the inter-ocean region, is essentially a cul-de-sac with respect to its oceanic euphausiid assemblage, the species of which are derived from both the tropical and subtropical Pacific to the northeast.
		Evidently the presence over the shelf of a dense neritic plankton, together with the shallowness of the water which prevents the normal range of euphausiid vertical migration, precludes presence of the oceanic species.
	repositories.cdlib.org /sio/naga/4pt5 (843 words)

	TPS Java Province, Southeast Sumatra, Indonesia - Province Geology
		The province includes the basins of Sunda and Asri in the offshore southeastern Sumatra region and extends eastward across the Java Sea to the Ardjuna Basin region and Jatibarang Basin and to near the town of Semarang on the north coast of Java (Fig.
		The Sunda Shelf plate is confined on the east by oceanic crust and spreading centers, to the west by continental crust, and to the south by Cretaceous oceanic and continental crust and was emergent during much of the Tertiary (Pulunggono, 1985; Ponto and others, 1988).
		Lacustrine source rocks, reservoir facies, and migration paths described in the Sunda and Asri Basins are analogous to the distinct and predictable sedimentary facies associated with half-graben architecture described by Bishop (1988); Lambiase (1990); and Lambiase and Bosworth (1995).
	greenwood.cr.usgs.gov /energy/WorldEnergy/OF99-50R/province.html (919 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Sunda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		It includes two main groups: the Greater Sunda Islands, to which belong the largest islands of Borneo, Sumatra, Java, and Sulawesi; and the Lesser Sundas, which lie E of...
		Sundaland A geographical unit composed of Malaya, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo, with the intervening small islands, which are linked by the shallow-water (less than 200 m) Sunda shelf, which was exposed during periods of low sea level in the Pleistocene.
		An overseas territory of the Netherlands, it comprised the Malay Archipelago, Sumatra, Java, Borneo (except North Borneo), Sulawesi, Moluccas, and the Lesser Sunda Islands (except Portuguese Timor).
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Sunda (736 words)

	Search Tuna Report for Sunda Shelf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Sunda shelf is the largest group of islands in the world and has a great marine ecology.
		The archipelago is divided into three groups: the Sunda Shelf holds the islands of Java, Sumatera and Kalimantan (two-thirds of Borneo) as an extension of the Asian continent; the Sehul Shelf embraces Irian Jaya (the western half of New Guinea) and the Aru Islands as a stretch from Australia....
		The emergent Sunda Shelf plate (platform, craton, or Malay micro-plate now mostly beneath the Java Sea) was confined on the east by oceanic crust and spreading centers, to the west by continental crust and to the south by Cretaceous oceanic and continental crust (Pulunggono, 1985; Ponto and others, 1988)....
	searchtuna.com /ftlive/638.html (4094 words)

	Indonesia is the largest archipleagic state in the world comprising five major islands and about 300 smaller island ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Physiographically, the islands of Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan are attached to the Sunda Shelf of the Asian continent.
		The Sunda shelf area (or Sundaland to several authors) lies to the west, and the Sahuls shelf area to the east, separated by a geologically complex region of deep sea basins and island arcs.
		The Sunda shelf area represents the submerged southeastern outgrowth of the Eurasian continental plate and comprises peninsular Malacca, most of Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan, most of the Java Sea and the southern part of the South China Sea.
	www.iagi.or.id /indonesia_geology/introduction/introduction.htm (3811 words)

	shelves - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		It can be attached to a wall or can form part of a cabinet.
		Bracket Fungi, also shelf fungi, any of about 1000 species of generally tough or woody fungi named for the bracketlike or shelflike shape of their...
		They extend from the mean level of low tide to...
	ca.encarta.msn.com /shelves.html (150 words)

	Sahul Shelf -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Much of the Sunda Shelf's total area of 690,000 square miles (1,800,000 square km) is occupied by the...
		The islands of the Sahul Shelf appear to have a physiographic structure similar to those of the Sunda Shelf.
		The definition of continent includes the underwater portions of continental margins, that is, the continental shelf, the continental slope, and the continental rise.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article?tocId=9064761 (838 words)

	Athena Review, Vol.4 no.1: Homo erectus and the Emergence of Sunda in the Tethys Realm
		Age of Sunda Homo erectus: During the last century, age estimates for the earliest human fossils on Java have ranged from as little as a half million years to as much as 2 million years.
		Sunda Homo erectus in Global Context: Fossils representing very early Homo erectus populations are now known from the highland Rift Valley of East Africa, the Caucasus Mountains that mediate southeast Europe and southwest Asia, and from the intensely volcanic slopes of the Sunda subduction zone.
		During the Olduvai subchron, major Tethys geotectonic events (including the Aullan sea regression in the west and the emergence of Sunda in the east) served to open virgin territory from west to east.
	www.athenapub.com /13sunda.htm (3246 words)

	TheSea.Org :: World Reefs - Asia
		On the Sunda Shelf offshore the waters remain relatively shallow.
		All of these areas are located on the Sunda Shelf, although the edge of this continental shelf comes relatively close to the land around Sabah.
		Offshore the continental shelf is particularly narrow to the south and east, widening to the northwest to join that of India.
	www.thesea.org /coral_reef/world_reefs/asia.php (2634 words)

	Untitled Document
		The weaker summer monsoon, a decline in sea surface temperature, and increased continentality from the exposure of continental shelf all contributed to the drier conditions in Eastern China.
		In contrast, the southern shelf was dominated by tropical lowland forest and mangroves (Sun et al, 2000).
		Further research is needed to verify whether the pollen is from vegetation that was growing on the shelf sediments or was transported from futher inland by rivers, but current evidence suggests that the shelf vegetation was substantial.
	www.geo.arizona.edu /~reynolds/LGM.html (2006 words)

	Indonesia - GEOGRAPHY
		Sea depths in the Sunda and Sahul shelves average 200 meters or less.
		Between these two shelves lie Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara (also known as the Lesser Sunda Islands), and the Maluku Islands (or the Moluccas), which form a second island group where the surrounding seas in some places reach 4,500 meters in depth.
		In 1883 Krakatau in the Sunda Strait, between Java and Sumatra, erupted and some 36,000 West Javans died from the resulting tidal wave.
	countrystudies.us /indonesia/28.htm (820 words)

	CAS_Sundland
		In the 1860's a biologist named Wallace noted that the fauna of the Greater Sunda Isands and the Philippine island of Palawan was similar to or, in some cases, identical with those found in Southeast Asia.
		Later scientist referred to the dividing line between the Greater Sunda fauna and that to the east as the Wallace Line (Figure 1) in respect for the pioneering research of Wallace.
		The Sunda shelf area was dry land during several intervals of Pleistoncene time.
	www.csmate.colostate.edu /cltw/cohortpages/rader/CAS_Sundland.html (2376 words)

	TPS Java Province, Southeast Sumatra, Indonesia - Abstract
		The overall transgressive succession was punctuated by clastic input from the exposed Sunda Shelf and marine transgressions from the south.
		The Northwest Java Basin Province #3824 consists of sediment-filled, half-graben basins formed on the southern edge of the Sunda Shelf plate or craton during the Tertiary.
		Offshore north of the Seribu Platform, reservoir rocks are marine shelf deposits of the late Miocene to Pliocene Parigi and Cisubuh Formations and are carbonates of the Parigi Formation near Semarang (Fig.
	greenwood.cr.usgs.gov /energy/WorldEnergy/OF99-50R/abstract.html (603 words)

	[No title]
		The sedimentary basins of the northern shelf show a typical double-layer structure, consisting of a lower section characterized by half-grabens formed during Paleogene rifting and an upper section with a wider distribution of deposits resulting from broad subsidence in the Neogene (Fig.
		Moreover, the most extensive shelf area of the SCS is located in the modern Western Pacific Warm Pool bounded approximately by the 28¯C surface isotherm.
		The above-described shelf emergence and SST decline must have led to a reduction in evaporation and vapor supply from the sea to the land.
	www-odp.tamu.edu /publications/tnotes/tn20-6/184fy99.txt (4635 words)

	PALEOCEANOGRAPHY OF THE SOUTH CHINA SEA
		Moreover, the most extensive shelf area of the SCS is located in the modern Western Pacific Warm Pool bounded by the 28influenced the thermodynamic role played by the Global Warm Pool.
		The summer monsoon is the main source of water vapor for rainfall in East China (Chen et al., 1991), and changes in shelf emergence, SST decline, and land-sea heating patterns must have led to a reduction of vapor transport to southern Asia.
		The LGM and isotope Stage 3 are characterized by low fluvial clay content (50%-60%) and high modal grain size (10-25 marked by high clay content (>70%) and low modal grain size (<6.3 and weak summer monsoon precipitation during the glacial regime and a strong summer monsoon and weakened winter monsoon during the Holocene regime.
	www-odp.tamu.edu /publications/184_IR/chap_01/c1_6.htm (794 words)

	184 Scientific Prospectus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		With the high terrigenous input and the location of the modern carbonate compensation depth (CCD) at 3500 m, the extensive continental slopes of the SCS are dominated by hemipelagic sediments; whereas, the deep-sea basin is covered by abyssal clay, and biogenic carbonates are found around coral reef islands.
		Moreover, the most extensive shelf area of the SCS is located in the modern Western Pacific Warm Pool bounded by the 28°C surface isotherm.
		The above-described shelf emergence and SST decline must have led to a reduction in evaporation and vapor supply from the sea to the land.
	www.ga.gov.au /odp/publications/prosp/184_prs/184geo.html (1383 words)

	ViolentUmbrella: Sunda Shelf (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Stable continental shelf, or platform, a southward extension of mainland Southeast Asia.
		Most of the platform is covered by shallow seas, including the southern South China Sea, the Gulf of Thailand, and the Java Sea, averaging less than 330 feet (100 m) in depth.
		This is a paragraph of text that could go in the sidebar.
	violentumbrella.blogspot.com /2004/04/sunda-shelf.html (75 words)

	Vietnam: An Historical Perspective
		It is generally thought that the exposed Sunda Shelf looked like a giant salt plain, and that perhaps people ventured out across this area to settle on other coasts or islands.
		As the map indicates, outside the Sunda Shelf are some deep ocean basins which were not often crossed until heavier and wider European vessels were able to traverse these deep and sometimes dangerous seas.
		Sunda Shelf: geographical area in seas surrounding parts of Southeast Asia which is characterized by relatively shallow and calm waters
	www.hawaii.edu /cseas/pubs/vietnam/vietnam.html (6434 words)

	fauna_indo_1.html
		In the glacial period, Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan islands lay on the Sunda shelf and were joined to each other to the mainland of Asia, Irian Jaya (now, Papua) and Australia Continent at that time, lay on the Sahul shelf.
		The region between these two Sunda shelves (Maluku, Sulawesi and the lesser Sunda islands) has another type of fauna.
		The bulk of oriental fauna doesn't occur in Sulawesi, althogh it is only 50 km from Kalimantan across the Makasar Strait, and the islands, such as Seram and Halmahera, closest to Papua, lack the major part of the later's fauna.
	www.angelfire.com /pro/ohari/fauna_indo_1.html (487 words)

	Embassy of The Republic Indonesia in Kuwait
		The island of Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan, together with the small islands in between, stand on the Sunda Shelf which extends from the coast of Malaysia and Indo China, where the sea depth never exceeds 700 feet.
		Papua on the island of New Guinea and the Aru Islands stand on the Sahul shelf which stretches from the north coast of Australia northwards, the sea depth of which is similar to the Sunda shelf.
		In that glacial period, Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan lay on the Sunda self and were joined to each other and to the mainland of Asia, but Papua and the Australian continent at that time, lay on the Sahul shelf.
	www.kbrikuwait.org /en/inf_tourism.htm (3962 words)

	Summary of Proposed Research for Charu Sharma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Quaternary Mekong-Molengraaff River Deltas on the Sunda Shelf, South China Sea.
		The Sunda Shelf, one of the largest shelf areas in the world, is a drowned coastal plain that was drained by the Mekong-Molengraaff River System during the Late Quaternary.
		The melting of the glacial ice at the end of the last glacial maximum gradually inundated this peneplain, drowning the Molengraaff River and causing the Mekong River to recede to its present position on the coast of Vietnam.
	meguma.earthsciences.dal.ca /grads/tp-cs.htm (302 words)

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