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Topic: Sunda Trench

	New Asian quake threat warning
		They concentrated on the Sumatran fault, a so-called "strike-slip" fault which cuts through the island of Sumatra, and the Sunda trench, a continuation of the underwater subduction zone that ruptured to cause the tsunami last year.
		Some researchers believe large earthquakes occur at the Sunda trench on a cycle of 200 years, which is determined by stress loading at the subduction zone.
		A large earthquake at the undersea Sunda trench had the potential to cause another tsunami, the University of Ulster researcher added.
	www.infowars.com /articles/science/asian_quake_new_threat_warning.htm (624 words)

	IOC: Towards a Tsunami Warning System in the Indian Ocean
		The earthquake of March 28, 2005 occurred principally on the interface of the Australia plate and Sunda plate and was caused by the release of stresses that develop as the Australia plate subducts beneath the overriding Sunda plate.
		At this latitude, the trench is the surface expression of the plate interface between the Australia plats and the Sunda plate.
		The oblique motion is partitioned into thrust-faulting, which occurs on the plate-interface and which involves slip directed perpendicular to the trench, and strike-slip faulting, which occurs several hundred kilometers northeast of the trench and involves slip directed parallel to the trench.
	ioc3.unesco.org /indotsunami/2803sumatra_eq/sumatra_eq.htm (675 words)

	Sunda Arc - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sunda Arc is a volcanic arc that has produced the islands of Sumatra and Java and the Sunda Strait and the Lesser Sunda Islands.
		The arc marks an active convergent boundary between the East Eurasian plates that underlie Indonesia, especially the Sunda Plate and the Burma Plate, with the India and Australian Plates that form the seabed of the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal.
		The tectonic deformation along this subduction zone in the Sunda or Java Trench caused the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake of December 26, 2004.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sunda_Trench (197 words)

	Geotimes — March 2005 — Sumatra seismic risk
		John McCloskey and colleagues from the University of Ulster, United Kingdom, calculated the stress on the Sunda trench subduction zone and Sumatra fault, caused by recent seismic activity.
		The segment of the Sunda trench immediately south of the December earthquake has been locked by friction since 1866, says Ross Stein with the U.S. Geological Survey in Menlo Park, Calif., who is not affiliated with the study.
		If an earthquake of magnitude 7 or higher were to hit the Sunda trench fault, it would cause another tsunami because of its location underwater, as well as its history of tsunami generation in 1833 and 1861, wrote the authors.
	www.agiweb.org /geotimes/mar05/WebExtra032805.html (718 words)

	The Great Earthquake and Tsunami of 28 March 2005 in Sumatra, Indonesia - Prelimiminary Report by Dr. George ...
		In addition to the Sunda Trench, the Sumatra fault is responsible for seismic activity on the Island of Sumatra.
		This interaction results in convergence at the Sunda Trench and involves oblique movement, which is part thrust-faulting along the plate boundary and involves both slip perpendicular to the trench axis, but also strike-slip faulting on the great Sumatra fault on the island - with the orientation of that slip also paralleling the great Sunda Trench.
		However, the northern segment of the great Sunda Trench is a seismically unusual region of the world, characterized by very active interaction between the Indian and Australian tectonic plates and the Burma and Sunda subplates of the Eurasian tectonic block.
	www.drgeorgepc.com /Tsunami2005ndonesia.html (4142 words)

	ASM - 15 December 2005
		The arc is marked by a string of volcanos that has produced the islands of Sumatra and Java, and the Sunda Strait and the Lesser Sunda Islands.
		It marks an active convergent boundary between the East Eurasian plates that underlie Indonesia — especially the Sunda Plate and the Burma Plate — with the India and Australian Plates that form the seabed of the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal.
		The India and Australian Plates are subducting beneath the Sunda and Burma plates along the Sunda Arc.
	www.asmmag.com /ASM/content/2005/ASM_027/main_news_7.html (791 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The oceanic trenches are several hundred kilometres long but narrow topographic depressions of the sea floor.
		Oceanic trenches typically extend 3 to 4km below the level of the surrounding oceanic floor.
		Mariana Trench at a depth of 10,991m below sea level.
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/Oceanic_trench.html (90 words)

	Planet Diary Archive 2005 - Earthquake - Quake Risk Higher Since Tsunami (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The greatest risks of a new quake are along the Sumatra Fault between the Sunda and Burma plates and along the Sunda Trench.
		The risk of earthquakes in Sumatra is higher since the massive 9.0 quake and tsunami of December 26th, 2004, according to a new study by seismologists.
		The other danger zone is the Sunda Trench that runs southeast from the epicenter of the December quake.
	www.phschool.com /science/planetdiary/archive05/eart1032605.html (327 words)

	Dora the Explorer's Indian Ocean (Banda Aceh) Earthquake Science Page
		Along this trench, the Indian and Australian plates consist of oceanic crust, and because they are heavier than the continental Sunda plate crust, the Sunda plate tends to slide over the two oceanic plates, while the oceanic plates slide under the Sunda plate.
		The Sunda plate is part of the Eurasian plate, and the fact that it moves in a subtly different direction than the Eurasian plate contributes to the forces along the subduction trench.
		The Burma/ sliver plate is called a plate mainly because the region behind the subduction trench is spreading apart, and the fault zone accomodates rather complex north/ south motion between the plates, this strip of plate often moves in ways that are fairly unique to it, relative to the plates around it.
	www.geocities.com /tiggernut24/earthquake.html (7748 words)

	Feature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The orientation of the Sunda Trench fault means the main westbound tsunami would not crash ashore before reaching South Africa, and the great distances it would have to cross would dissipate much of its energy.
		In the study, details of which are published today in the journal Nature, Dr. McCloskey's team calculated the extra stress placed on the Sumatra and Sunda Trench faults by the slip on the Sumatra-Andaman fault on December 26.
		The Sunda Trench fault is the southern extension of the fault that caused the Boxing Day tsunami, while the Sumatra fault runs parallel.
	www.dailynews.lk /2005/06/20/fea04.htm (738 words)

	This Week @ UU (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		These regions were the Sunda Trench south of the December rupture and the Sumatra Fault near Banda Aceh.
		“It would seem that the Sunda trench subduction zone is ripe for triggering given the long period of time since the last large earthquake on this segment,” said Professor Kerry Sieh of Caltech.
		In the case of both the Sunda Trench subduction zone and the Sumatra fault, which runs along the centre of the island of Sumatra to the city of Banda Aceh, it would appear that the previous earthquakes in this sequence have significantly increased stresses on areas which have not experienced earthquakes in the recent past.
	www.ulster.ac.uk /news/letter/?id=1685 (1088 words)

	INDONESIA TSUNAMI - THE EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI OF 19 AUGUST 1977 IN INDONESIA - Dr. George Pararas-Carayannis
		The effects of plate movements are not confined to the boundary region but extend to the subducted plate itself, resulting in extensive faulting, uplift or subsidence, offshore and on the islands.
		The Sunda Arc consists of three primary segments: the Sumatra segment, the Sunda Strait Segment and the Java Segment.
		The second source area of major earthquakes is along the shallow crustal faults that generally parallel the Sunda Arc (east-west), with some transform surface faulting that marks north-south trending boundaries of landmasses.
	www.drgeorgepc.com /Tsunami1977Indonesia.html (2014 words)

	Famous Sea Trenches - Fun Facts, Questions, Answers, Information
		The Japan Trench is situated north of the Izu-Bonin Trench and south of the Kuril Trench.
		This trench is a narrow submarine depression lying near the Equator in the mid-Atlantic Ocean.
		This trench, also called the Bartlett Deep, is a relatively narrow submarine trench on the floor of the western Caribbean sea between Jamaica and the island group after which it is named.
	www.funtrivia.com /en/subtopics/Famous-Sea-Trenches-196059.html (624 words)

	Steven Jessup: Dept. of Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The devastating megathrust earthquake of December 26th, 2004 occurred on the interface of the India and Burma plates and was caused by the release of stresses that develop as the India plate subducts beneath the overriding Burma plate.
		The India plate begins its descent into the mantle at the Sunda trench which lies to the west of the earthquake's epicenter.
		The trench is the surface expression of the plate interface between the Australia and India plates, situated to the southwest of the trench, and the Burma and Sunda plates, situated to the northeast.
	www.sou.edu /biology/Faculty/Jessup/quake.htm (111 words)

	Experts had predicted Sumatra quake
		A paper published in the March 17 issue of Nature predicted that the increase in stress on the Sunda plate affected by the December earthquake could spread further south.
		"Although subduction zone event in the Sunda trench has been made more likely by the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake [of December 26], at present the increase in stress is localised on the north of this segment.
		The paper warned that earthquakes on the Sunda trench had caused fatal tsunamis in 1833 and 1861.
	www.rediff.com /news/2005/mar/30quake.htm (233 words)

	Dangerous Tectonic Stresses Create New Tsunami Fear
		The new study shows one of the regions at increased risk of a more powerful event is a 31-mile stretch of the undersea Sunda trench, next to the 745-mile long zone that ruptured on Boxing Day.
		The second area of concern identified in the new research is a 185-mile region of fault running directly beneath the island of Sumatra, close to the city of Banda Aceh, which was devastated in December and where rebuilding work is under way.
		The scientists estimate that stress in the Sunda trench region has increased by up to 5 bars; in the Sumatra fault it has been forced up by as much as 9 bars.
	www.rense.com /general63/create.htm (1331 words)

	USGS Earthquake Hazards Program: Tectonic Summary: CHESAPEAKE BAY REGION
		In the region of northern Sumatra and the Nicobar Islands, most of the relative motion of India/Australia and the Eurasia plate is accommodated at the Sunda trench and within several hundred kilometers to the east of the Sunda trench, on the boundaries of the Burma plate.
		The thrust faulting occurs on the interface between the India plate and the western margin of the Burma plate and involves slip directed at a large angle to the orientation of the trench.
		The width of the earthquake rupture, measured perpendicular to the Sunda trench, is estimated to have been about 150 kilometers and the maximum displacement on the fault plane about 20 meters.
	neic.usgs.gov /neis/eq_depot/2004/eq_041226/neic_slav_ts.html (585 words)

	Second tsunami possible: scientists
		According to The Guardian, 'the new study shows one of the regions at increased risk of a more powerful event is a 31-mile stretch of the undersea Sunda trench, next to the 745-mile long zone that ruptured on Boxing Day.
		Earthquakes in the Sunda trench triggered fatal tsunamis in 1833 and 1861.
		A tsunami triggered by the Sunda trench would mostly dissipate in the Southern Ocean, McCloskey told news@nature.com.
	www.rediff.com /news/2005/mar/17tsunami.htm (449 words)

	Tsunami warnings - Salon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The new study shows that one of the regions at increased risk of a more powerful event is a 31-mile stretch of the undersea Sunda trench, next to the 745-mile-long zone that ruptured in December.
		The second area of concern identified in the new research is a 185-mile region of fault running directly beneath the island of Sumatra, close to the city of Banda Aceh, which was devastated in December and where rebuilding work is underway.
		The scientists estimate that stress in the Sunda trench region has increased by up to five bars; in the Sumatra fault it has been forced up by as much as nine bars.
	dir.salon.com /story/news/feature/2005/03/17/another_tsunami/print.html (1033 words)

	Planet Diary Archive 2005 - Earthquake - Another Big Quake Jolts Sumatra (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The powerful magnitude 8.7 tremor struck along the Sunda Trench near the coast of Sumatra.
		Scientists recently predicted the Sunda Trench was ripe for another tremor.
		The researchers calculated the December 26th quake had increased stress on the nearby section of the trench and raised the risk of another big quake.
	www.phschool.com /science/planetdiary/archive05/eart3032605.html (322 words)

	Asia primed for next big quake - earth - 19 March 2005 - New Scientist
		A second quake along the Sunda trench, a continuation of the India-Burma subduction zone, could lead to another tsunami.
		McCloskey's calculations show the stress along the Sunda trench to be about 5 bars.
		It is therefore possible that that the movement of the lower crust could ease the stress in the Sunda trench, making an earthquake less rather than more likely, McCloskey says.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=mg18524914.500 (871 words)

	G:\DannyWebsite\research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Indo-Australian plate is subducting along the Sunda trench at 65 mm/yr at Java to 50 mm/yr at the north tip of Sumatra.
		Convergence is nearly orthogonal to the trench axis along south of Java Island but is highly oblique along at southwest of Sumatra where strain is strongly partitioned into a dip-slip on the subduction interface and a dextral slip component on the overriding Sumatran plate margin.
		The Sumatran fault, traverses the hanging wall block of the Sumatra subduction zone, roughly coincident with the active Sumatran volcanic arc, accommodates significant amount of the strike-slip component of the oblique convergence.
	www.gps.caltech.edu /~danny/research/research.htm (412 words)

	BioEd Online: Quake threat rises after tsunami slip
		Also under increased strain is the Sunda trench, to the southeast of the region where December's earthquake struck.
		Like its neighbour, it is also an undersea 'subduction zone' with a history of destruction: in 1833 and 1861, earthquakes on the Sunda fault triggered fatal tsunamis.
		They report in this week's Nature that pressure on a 50-kilometre stretch of the Sunda trench has increased by up to 5 bars, and a 300-kilometre segment of the Sumatra fault is now under an extra 9 bars of strain.
	www.bioedonline.org /news/news-print.cfm?art=1647 (605 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Java trench is also called the Sunda Double trench,
		Java trench is filled with sediments, especially the section parallel to the
		Sunda Island, because of the volcanic islan of Java.
	www.bisdragons.com /students2001/oceans/trenches/javatrench.html (99 words)

	Seismology Earthquake risk on the Sunda trench : Nature (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The rupture was contiguous with that of the December 2004 Sumatra−Andaman earthquake, and is likely to have been sparked by local stress, although the triggering stresses at its hypocentre were very small — of the order of just 0.1 bar.
		Calculations show that stresses imposed by the second rupture have brought closer to failure the megathrust immediately to the south, under the Batu and Mentawai islands, and have expanded the area of increased stress on the Sumatra fault.
		Palaeoseismologic studies show that the Mentawai segment of the Sunda megathrust is well advanced in its seismic cycle and is therefore a good candidate for triggered failure.
	www.nature.com /nature/journal/v435/n7043/abs/nature435756a.html (257 words)

	Untitled Document
		If partitioning of orthogonal and transcurrent strain between, respectively, the trench and the Sumatran Fault were complete (and movement occurred only along these features), then sites in the forearc sliver would move parallel to the Sumatran Fault relative to Southeast Asia, but at right angles to the trench relative to the Indian Ocean.
		On forearc islands in the Central Domain (between the Batu and Banyak Islands) the trench-normal components were small, suggesting strong partitioning of convergent and transcurrent movements, but it seems that the forearc was largely coupled to the downgoing slab everywhere to the south of the Batu Islands.
		The combination of gradual change in the orientation of the Indian Ocean/SE Asia convergence vector and the change in trench orientation at the Nias Elbow implies almost orthogonal convergence across the trench in the vicinity of Simeulue and the Banyak Islands.
	www.es.ucl.ac.uk /people/milsom/smtrntct.htm (6288 words)

	Tsunami Region Ripe for Another Big Quake, Study Says (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The quake shifted nearly 97,000 square miles (250,000 square kilometers) of terrain along the Sunda trench subduction zone, where the Indonesian and Australian tectonic plates dive beneath the Burma tectonic plate.
		McCloskey and colleagues found that the so-called Sumatra-Andaman earthquake increased the stress on adjacent sections of the Sunda trench and the nearby Sumatra fault, which runs the length of Sumatra.
		McCloskey and colleagues used a map of the slip and displacement from the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake to calculate the stress buildup on the Sunda trench and neighboring Sumatra fault.
	news.nationalgeographic.com /news/2005/03/0316_050316_sumatra.html (801 words)

	The Hindu : National : Tsunami more localised this time
		The Australia plate diving under the Sunda plate into the Sunda trench caused the quake.
		Unlike the quake off the coast of Sumatra in 2004, which is more of an oblique subduction, it was a normal subduction on Monday that caused the earthquake.
		"Generally, earthquakes occur very deep in the southern part of the Sunda trench as the Australia plate goes down as deep as 300 km," Dr. Chadha said.
	www.hindu.com /2006/07/19/stories/2006071902461300.htm (440 words)

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