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	Book Review
		He places the origins of the sundown town movement in what he calls the Nadir of race relations that followed a relatively enlightened period, according to Loewen, that predominated across much of the country in the wake of the Civil War.
		By 1930 probably a majority of all towns in the Midwest were sundown towns and the phenomena also took place in Northern states, the Northeast, and the West.
		Loewen argues that white residents of sundown towns and suburbs tend to accept white privilege as a right, are more likely to retain racist symbols and mascots in schools and other institutions, and engage in racist humor.
	zmagsite.zmag.org /Jan2006/johnsonpr0106.html (2047 words)

	Sundown town - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A sundown town is a town or city in the United States where non-whites—especially African Americans—are systematically excluded from living or passing through after the sun went down.
		Most of the documented sundown towns are in the state of Illinois, but that may not be truly representative of their distribution, as sundown towns are difficult to pin down given the reluctance for the towns themselves to have, or to reveal, official documents stating their status as sundown towns.
		However, as sociologist James Loewen writes in his book on the subject, it is impossible to precisely count the number of sundown towns at any given time, because most towns have not kept records of the ordinances or signs that marked the town's sundown status.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sundown_town (584 words)

	Amazon.com: Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism: Books: James W. Loewen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Loewen's eye-opening history traces the sundown town's development and delineates the extent to which state governments and the federal government, "openly favor[ed] white supremacy" from the 1930s through the 1960s, "helped to create and maintain all-white communities" through their lending and insuring policies.
		Sundown Towns goes a long way towards explaining the US' pervasive racial problems by examining a phenomenon many white people had thought dead and gone: sundown towns (cities or neighborhoods where racial minorities were not allowed to live or even be present after dark).
		Loewen provides some excellent reasons for why sundown towns are bad for their residents as well as the people they keep out: the cultural aridity, the fostering of racial stereotyping, the unwillingness to try new ideas or customs.
	www.amazon.com /Sundown-Towns-Hidden-Dimension-American/dp/156584887X (3814 words)

	"Sundown Towns": Commentary GreaterDiversity.com The New Voice of American Media
		Often, Sundown Towns argues, a community used a variety of methods in order to remain all-white through the years.
		If Loewen's first priority is to unveil what he calls the "hidden history" of sundown towns, his second is to debunk the widely held idea that when the issue is race, the South is always "the scene of the crime," as James Baldwin famously wrote.
		The incidence of sundown communities in the South, Loewen reports, was actually far lower than it was in a Midwestern state such as Illinois, in which roughly 70 percent of towns were sundown towns in 1970.
	www.greaterdiversity.com /mt_comment/archives/000722sundown_towns.html (722 words)

	How To Confirm Sundown Towns
		Finally, some towns have given up being sundown, usually between 1970 and today, yet we are still interested in them owing to their past.
		For 1860-1980, the racial composition of your town will be in the printed census in the bound volumes of the census, probably at your local library and certainly at your nearest university library.
		For small towns, the census in many years, especially before 1940, does not list population by race, but you can amass it yourself from the "manuscript census" for any decade between 1860 and 1930 inclusive (except 1890, most of which was destroyed by fire).
	www.uvm.edu /~jloewen/content.php?file=sundowntowns-howto.html (1273 words)

	Future Research Areas
		Because there were thousands of sundown towns and suburbs in the United States, I have not been able to confirm them all.
		Case studies of the moment-by-moment process by which towns refused to go all-white, though hard to do (because no news was made, in a way), are just as important as studies of the sundown process.
		By 2000, the differences were substantial: the towns with fls averaged 4,258 in total population, more than twice the average (2,064) of the towns that still had just one fl household or none at all.
	www.uvm.edu /~jloewen/content.php?file=sundowntowns-future.html (1627 words)

	Sundown Towns
		A ‘sundown town’ is any organized jurisdiction that, for decades, was all-white on purpose.
		As soon as we realize that the problem in America is white supremacy, rather than fl existence or fl inferiority, then it becomes clear that sundown towns and suburbs are an intensification of the problem, not a solution to it.
		Pointing out that a widespread sundown town mentality persists to this day, Loewen argues that it is about time that America owned up to the damaging practice.
	reviews.aalbc.com /sundown_towns.htm (468 words)

	USNews.com: Culture: Sundown towns: No blacks after dark
		In Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism ($30), he explains the roots of the practice in the late 1800s, the violent and cruel ways these towns upheld their "law," and the effects today.
		I was aware that some towns had few if any fl folks, but they were often boring towns that I didn't want to live in, and I didn't see why fl people would want to live there.
		Southern whites moving to sundown towns in Indiana or other places were astonished that they couldn't bring along servants.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/culture/articles/051001/1sundown.htm (619 words)

	Powell's Books - Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism by James W. Loewen
		In Michigan, Indiana, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and elsewhere, sundown towns were created in waves of violence in the early decades of the twentieth century, and then maintained well into the contemporary era.
		Sundown Towns redraws the map of race relations, extending the lines of racial oppression through the backyard of millions of Americans--and lobbing an intellectual hand grenade into the debatesover race and racism today.
		In his trademark revelatory style, bestselling author James W. Loewen explores one of America's best-kept secrets as he unearths the making of sundown towns and discloses the fact that many white neighborhoods and suburbs are the result of years of racism and segregation.
	www.powells.com /biblio/62-0743294483-0 (535 words)

	Honda's All-American Sundown Town
		Loewen is a sociologist and author of Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism, published by The New Press.
		Sundown towns derive their name from the fact that many of them, including dozens in Indiana, posted signs telling fls not to "let the sun go down on you" while inside their corporate limits.
		And NPR might explain how a sundown town can be an "ideal American small town."
	hnn.us /articles/27821.html (457 words)

	The Daily News Online
		The signs are gone now but once they were a part of America's roadside culture, posted along the highway at the town or county line, a blunt reminder of brutal racism.
		He was researching sundown towns, which he defines as "towns that were all white on purpose." He found lots of them -- far more than he expected when he began his research in his home state of Illinois about five years ago.
		To advertise their actions, the towns sometimes posted sundown signs on the highway or in the railroad station.
	www.tdn.com /articles/2006/03/04/this_day/news04.txt (1412 words)

	Jay Busbee: The Official Site
		Sundown is a terrifying three-issue tale of the Old Westwhere sometimes, dying just means you’re switching sides.
		SUNDOWN: ARIZONA #1, published by Arcana Studio, is listed in the May 2005 Previews (Order code MAY052493) for shipping in July.
		Sobrante is a husk of a town; its once-promising silver mine has played out, and it stands dead center of the territory where preachers have died in horrific ways.
	www.jaybusbee.com /sundown.htm (1460 words)

	Texas city haunted by 'no blacks after dark' past - CNN.com
		Vidor was one of hundreds of communities in America known as "sundown towns," places where fls were not welcome after dark.
		In some of these towns, signs -- handwritten or printed -- were posted, saying things like "Whites Only After Dark." But in general, sundown towns existed by reputation.
		Vidor, Texas, was once known as a "sundown town," a place where African-Americans weren't welcome after dark.
	www.cnn.com /2006/US/12/08/oppenheim.sundown.town/index.html (928 words)

	TheMovieBoy Review: The Town That Dreaded Sundown (1976)
		"The Town That Dreaded Sundown," is not a film that relies on a narrative, as much as it is a wholeheartedly visceral experience, in which it is not the characters that stand out, but the situations.
		Instead, "The Town That Dreaded Sundown," goes for a quasi-documentary feel throughout, as the crimes are documented, and that is why the film is successful.
		By the conclusion of, "The Town That Dreaded Sundown," a brief confrontation between the authorities and the killer occurs, but nothing comes of it, as the "Phantom" vanishes afterwards without a trace.
	www.themovieboy.com /reviews/t/76_townthatdreaded.htm (516 words)

	Sundown Towns by James W. Loewen
		Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of American Racism
		These communities are sometimes called "sundown towns" because some of them posted signs at their city limits reading, typically, "Nigger, Don't Let The Sun Go Down On You In ___." Some towns are still all white on purpose.
		The Dallas Morning News found sundown towns in Texas
	www.uvm.edu /~jloewen/sundowntowns.php (269 words)

	HNN - HuntingtonNews.Net
		Sundown Towns — and I’m going to capitalize the combination and similar ones to emphasize the implied hatred -- were places that allowed no fls to live inside the community or be in the community during the nighttime hours.
		Rochelle was a solidly Republican town; most Sundown Towns, Loewen writes, were solidly Democratic, the white man’s party and the party of the Ku Klux Klan right up to 1964.
		Pekin, Illinois, home of the “Chinks” and later the “Dragons” was a KKK center in Illinois; Pekin was a Sundown Town, as were most of the cities along the Illinois River — except for Peoria.
	www.huntingtonnews.net /columns/051207-kinchen-review.html (1903 words)

	Sunddown Towns
		Washington Grove, the Montgomery County town, once had a restrictive covenant barring "anyone of a race whose death rate is of a higher percentage than that of the white or Caucasian race."
		Among those other towns was Marlow, Okla. In 1923, a mob killed a Marlow hotel owner and the fl man he'd hired as a janitor.
		That might be the only comic moment in the long, grim history of sundown towns.
	www.uwm.edu /~gjay/Whiteness/sundowntowns.htm (1968 words)

	Foundational Work on White Privilege
		Explore the possibility that your community is a “sundown town,” that historically chose to deliver the message that African-Americans, Latino/as, Jews, Asian-Americans, or GLBT people should be out of town by sundown.
		If you find out that your community is a “sundown town,” send that information to Dr. James Loewen, author of Sundown Towns: a Hidden Dimension of American Racism (jloewen@zoo.uvm.edu).
		Propose a town marker that describes the history of your community in terms of racial justice.
	www.uua.org /lreda/content/FoundationalList.htm (2238 words)

	Exposing All-White Towns: A Civilrights.org Book Club Interview with James Loewen
		To my amazement, I believe I have established that Illinois in 1970 had at least 474 sundown towns, which is a 70 percent majority of all towns in the state.
		And the only one that still has the demographics of a sundown suburbs is – or I should say perhaps, are – the four suburbs that are collectively known as Chevy Chase.
		So as soon as a given sundown suburb loses its income tax exemption for mortgage interest, suddenly 95 percent at least of the residents are going to be saying, “Oh it’s wrong to be all-white, find us some fl folks quick!” And the town will welcome them with open arms.
	www.civilrights.org /press_room/buzz_clips/loewen-interview.html (2222 words)

	Arcana Studio: Sundown (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Sundown is a terrifying three-issue tale of the Old West where sometimes, dying just means you’re switching sides.
		Sundown continues as sheriff Clay Dalton and his brother Will must confront the horror growing beneath the town of Sobrante, Arizona.
		In Sundown‚s final issue, the men of Sobrante, Arizona face a terrible choice as their battle with the vampire horde reaches its epic conclusion!
	www.arcanastudio.com /sundown (266 words)

	USATODAY.com - Small Indiana town singing tune of racial, ethnic harmony (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Sociologist James Loewen wrote Sundown Towns, a history of thousands of towns and cities that excluded African-Americans and other minorities after sundown.
		Although racial exclusion is most often associated with the South, Loewen found that the sundown town was a Northern invention.
		Bluffton is among the first towns to join an initiative that encourages cities to start a dialogue about diversity and acceptance.
	www.usatoday.com /news/nation/2006-08-03-inclusive-inside_x.htm (952 words)

	Amazon.ca: Ghost Town at Sundown: Books: Mary Pope Osborne (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The tenth adventure, Ghost Town at Sundown, is filled with the excitement, action, and fun facts always found in Magic Tree House books.
		In Ghost Town at Sundown, the Magic Tree House whisks Jack and Annie back to a ghost town in the Wild West of the 1880s.
		All of the Magic Tree House stories are mysterious because in Ghost Town at Sundown, every night the ghost would play the piano at the bar.
	www.amazon.ca /Ghost-Town-Sundown-Mary-Osborne/dp/0679883398 (731 words)

	edunow.com: Title: Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of Segregation in America \| Author: James W Loewen
		Sundown Towns: A Hidden Dimension of Segregation in America
		Located mostly outside the traditional South, these towns employed legal formalities, race riots, policemen, bricks, fires and guns to produce homogeneously Caucasian communities — and some of them continue such unsavory practices to this day.
		"Don't let the sun go down on you in this town" are words equated with the Jim Crow South, but in a sweeping analysis of American residential patterns, award-winning and bestselling historian Loewen demonstrates that strict racial exclusion was the whole country's norm for much of the 20th century.
	www.edunow.com /156584887x.shtml (925 words)

	KnoxNews \| Ramblin' Man
		If you missed Sundown in the City last night, or would like to relive it in less than a minute, check out the webcam video at Sundown in the City dot com.
		The crowd was back in force after one rainy Sundown and one cancelled Cinco de Mayo Sundown.
		The crowd didn't swell up to the density that it had at the Steve Windwood show, which actually made it a little more comfortable as far I as was concerned.
	blogs.knoxnews.com /knx/brown/archives/2005/05/sundown_condens.shtml (186 words)

	Brad DeLong's Semi-Daily Journal: Stay in Town
		Prometheus 6: Bluffton, he says, was no doubt a sundown town.
		Small Indiana town singing tune of racial, ethnic harmony Updated 8/4/2006 2:10 AM ET By Haya El Nasser, USA TODAY: Local folklore has it that the small town of Bluffton, Ind., once had an ordinance to keep fls out, Mayor Ted Ellis says.
		Bluffton, he says, was no doubt a sundown town.
	delong.typepad.com /sdj/2006/08/stay_in_town.html (631 words)

	Stomp Tokyo Video Reviews - The Town That Dreaded Sundown (1976)
		That's the case with The Town That Dreaded Sundown, a movie that tells the (mostly) true story of a series of unsolved slayings in and near Texarkana during the first half of 1946.
		For any of you who have ever complained that a movie took liberty with history, The Town That Dreaded Sundown is a perfect example of how merely hewing to historical fact does not guarantee a cinematic gem.
		The Town That Dreaded Sundown is a sad little movie that no one needs to see, but its true-story origins and "factual" presentation have given it a more positive reputation than it deserves.
	www.stomptokyo.com /movies/t/town-that-dreaded-sundown.html (1107 words)

	Sundown Manor - Cape Town, South Africa
		The homes that line the gracious, spacious avenues of the upmarket suburb of Fresnaye, on Cape Town 's Atlantic seaboard, embody peace and comfort, and Sundown Manor is no exception.
		Nearby Sea Point and central Cape Town offer a wide choice of day- and night-time pursuits, from pristine beaches and cablecar rides up Table Mountain to restaurants and night clubs that compare favourably with the best the world has to offer.
		In spite of being so close to the hive of Cape Town's activity, we are still very secluded from all the busy noise and therefore offer the perfect environment for complete tranquility and relaxation.
	www.hostelz.com /hotel/33484-Sundown-Manor (603 words)

	B-Notes - The Town that Dreaded Sundown (1976)
		B-Notes - The Town that Dreaded Sundown (1976)
		The Town that Dreaded Sundown is, by that same reasoning, a minor classic.
		On the other hand, producers of The Town that Dreaded Sundown paid a lot of attention to detail on the period.
	www.jabootu.com /acolytes/bnotes/town.htm (2944 words)

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