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	Sung Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Sung Dynasty ended the chaotic period of the Five Dynasties in North China.
		The Sung capital was moved from Kai Feng to Hangchow.
		The continuing dynasty is known as the Southern Sung.
	family-of-man.com /CatalogEnglish/Asia/China/sung_dynasty.html (101 words)

	Song Dynasty - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The intervening years, known as the Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, were a time of division between north and south and of rapidly changing administrations.
		The northern Jin dynasty was overrun by the Mongols in 1234, who subsequently took control of northern China and maintained uneasy relations with the Southern Song court (A hasty peace treaty was settled, when Kublai Khan received the news of Möngee's death, the ruler of the Mongols.
		On March 19, 1279 the Song army was defeated in its last battle, the Battle of Yamen, fought against the Mongols in the Pearl River Delta; subsequently a high official is said to have taken the boy emperor in his arms and jumped from a clifftop into the sea, drowning both of them.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Song_Dynasty_(960-1279) (1272 words)

	Ancient China: The Later Empire: The Sung, 960-1279
		The period of the Sung dynasty is not a period of power or stability.
		In the T'ang dynasty, the emperor was more or less the servant of the aristocracy and saw to their interests; most of the government positions were staffed by the aristocracy.
		It was during the Sung, however, that Confucianism was revived and reinstalled as the state philosophy.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/CHEMPIRE/SUNG.HTM (2206 words)

	All Empires - The Song Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Sung Taizu built a centralised and efficient civilian bureaucracy, which curtailed the power of the military that had led in part to the fall of the Tang.
		However the military was never as strong as it was in previous dynasties, and Sung armies frequently lost in confrontations with Liao to the west.
		Sung paintings and verses are still studied and admired in China and throughout the world.
	www.allempires.com /empires/song/song1.htm (1207 words)

	Sung Dynasty & Mongol Rule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Although never so militarily powe rful as the Han or T'ang, the Sung is nevertheless notable for establishing political, social, economic, and cultural patterns that remained largely unaltered in China for a millennium.
		The latter was symbolized by the growth of concubinage and the introduction of Foot-Binding.
		Even at the height of Sung power, parts of northern and northwestern China were occupied, respectively, by the Khitan and Tanguts.
	www.bergen.org /AAST/Projects/ChinaHistory/SUNG.HTM (497 words)

	Chinese (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Culturally the Sung period is one of the most brilliant in achievements in civilization in the history of China.
		Sung and Chin collaborated to crush the Liao in between.
		Sung retreated to the south of the Yangtze and put another son of the emperor on the throne.
	www.iserv.net /~cjsalpha/wargames/chinese.htm (591 words)

	Song Dynasty, Sung Dynasty
		Tang Dynasty (681-907) and the disintegration of the Empire did not break China away from its past.
		With the emergence of the Five Dynasties from the ashes of the Tang Dynasty these smaller empires sought to reunify China and by 959 the later descendants of the Zhou had brought much of China back together under a single ruler.
		The study of Song Dynasty jades is incomplete without an understanding of this phenomena and its mysterious manifestation in the Jade arts of the time.
	www.thejadetrade.com /ian/p8c.html (960 words)

	Dynasty Guide: Sung Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		, this complex dynasty was divided almost evenly into Northern (960 –; 1126) and Southern (1127 –; 1279) halves.
		The latter, however, was quite the opposite; brutal invaders drove the Chinese from their northern territory, forcing them to migrate south and establish a new capital city.
		The psychological effects of this devastating upheaval are apparent in Sung paintings; misty, ethereal landscapes reflect conflicting emotions of regret, acceptance, and longing.
	www.artsmia.org /arts-of-asia/china/dynasties/sung.cfm (100 words)

	The Sung Dynasty - Old And Sold Antiques Auction & Marketplace
		Unless one is specialising in ancient Chinese porcelains, which are to be found only in the best museums and a few of the most famous private collections, and are quite unobtainable, the last named variety is the only one that needs to be considered.
		The glaze is never so thick that the decoration does not shew through very plainly and the increased thickness of the glaze along the lines of the relief or the incisions often increases the depth of colour at those points.
		The other notable ceramic product of the Sung period -the one exception previously mentioned before commenting on the characteristics of celadon-is the Ting yao made at Ting Chou in Chihli, a product that came nearer to fulfilling the modern ideals of porcelain quality and excellence than anything previously made.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles01/article536.shtml (568 words)

	T'ang Ch'an and the Myth of Bodhidharma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		According to this view, Sung Buddhism represents the "sunset period", the twilight glow of a once strong, vital tradition, reduced to a shadow of its former glory.
		Ch'an Orthodoxy at the Outset of the Sung: Ch'an as "A Special Transmission Within the Scriptures" In the tenth century, the period of the so-called "Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms," China was without effective central control and the country was politically and geographically divided into several autonomous regions.
		The debate in early Sung Ch'an was whether Ch'an is acquiescent with the tradition of Buddhist rationalism or belongs to an independent mystical tradition.
	www.angelfire.com /electronic/awakening101/welter.html (2624 words)

	China - The Sung Dynasty, 960-1280 A.D.
		The undivided Sung dynasty held sway from 96o to 1127; that of the southern Sungs from 1127 to 1280.
		The two main features of the Sung period are the rise of a great school of philosophy and the constant encroachment of the Tartars.
		The Sungs declining to evacuate K'ai-fung-fu and to cede to the Mongols the northern half of the empire, the latter resolved on a war of extermination.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles27n/chinese-history-23.shtml (1194 words)

	Sung Dynasty China - History for Kids! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Sung T'ai Tsu was a strong emperor who kept the army firmly under his control, but after Sung T'ai Tsu died, his successors did not do as well, and China's defenses became weak.
		On the other hand, the old Han Dynasty examinations became more and more important to Chinese government, and from the Sung dynasty on, these examinations were really the only way to get political power in China.
		Another son of the Sung emperor ran away to southern China and in 1126 he started a new Sung Dynasty with its capital at Hangzhou.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/china/history/sung.htm (555 words)

	AllRefer.com - Sung (Chinese And Taiwanese History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		It was divided into two periods: Northern Sung (907–1126) with its capital at Kaifeng and Southern Sung (1127–1279) with its capital at Hangzhou.
		Although China was weak militarily and surrounded by strong enemies, the Sung dynasty is known for its economic, intellectual, and artistic accomplishments.
		The Southern Sung ruled until the Mongols conquered (1273–79) all of China and established the YUan dynasty.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Sung.html (455 words)

	Sung Dynasty Literature
		--Northern Sung existed with the Liao dynasty of the fierce alien Khitans,who threatened China's borders.The invasions of the Liao dynasty crumbled the Northern Sung dynasty,as it took over the northern part of China,forcing the emperor to retreat to the South,establishing Southern Sung dynasty.
		--Eventually,Liao dynasty was crushed by the alien Jurchens,who formed the Jin dynasty in the North
		--Meanwhile,Southern Sung existed along side with the Jurchens & the state of Hsi-Hsia of the alien Tanguts in the west,who were eyeing Chinese territories.The division of China into 3 separate kingdoms weakened China & Chinese authority.Later the Mongols came & conquered all 3 kingdoms to form the Yuan dynasty.
	www.angelfire.com /journal2/wen/sung.html (584 words)

	Chinese coins of the Northern Sung period.
		The Sung Dynasty, established in AD 960, saw relative stability in China, although conflict with the Tartars and Mongols continued.
		Northern Sung coins also have many variations per issue, suggesting a similar system was already in use, but unlike the Ch'ing coins, for which many official records have survived, and the code has been broken, the Northern Sung code is unlikely to be completely understood (we are told Mr.
		During the balance of the Northern Sung, 23 to 24 mm iron coins were sporadically cast at both a 5 to 6 and 3 to 4 gram standard.
	www.calgarycoin.com /reference/china/china5.htm (8745 words)

	Chinese Cultural Studies: Concise Political History of China
		In the Han Dynasty, the Huns (known as Hsiung-nu by the Chinese) threatened the expanding Chinese Empire from the north.
		Because of the barbarian occupation of northern China the second half of the Sung rule was confined to the area south of the Huai River.
		While the Sung ruling class and the imperial court indulged themselves in art and luxurious living in the urban centers, the latest nomad empire arose in the north.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /core9/phalsall/texts/chinhist.html (16949 words)

	Sung dynasty chronicles of the appearance of the Crab Nebula Supernova of 1054 AD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Sung dynasty chronicles of the appearance of the Crab Nebula Supernova of 1054 AD Sung dynasty chronicles of the appearance of the Crab Nebula Supernova of 1054 AD.
		From the Sung-shih [Annals, of the Sung Dynasty] (Astronomical Treatise, chapter 56).
		Other accounts of the same event appear in the annals of the Liao Dynasty (a nomadic tribe of north China), and in Japanese chronicles.
	super.colorado.edu /~astr1020/sung.html (372 words)

	coins, China in the Southern Sung periods.
		The bronze denominations used during this dynasty are similar to those used during the Northern Sung dynasty with the additions that there are some non-feduciary 5 and 10 cash issues, as well as one issue of feduciary 100 cash.
		Iron was only issued prolifically during the middle years of the dynasty with no iron issues during the last few reign titles, and there were regular issues of 1 and 2 cash, as well as fairly regular issues of 3 and 5 cash.
		A few reign titles cast bronze 5 and 10 cash coins, several of which are clearly marked as to their denomination, but in most cases are cast to a weight standard close to official standard (15-17 grams for a 5 cash and 30-35 grams for a 10 cash).
	www.calgarycoin.com /reference/china/china6.htm (5880 words)

	Song Dynasty -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The intervening years, known as the (Click link for more info and facts about Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms) Period of Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, were a time of division between north and south and of rapidly changing administrations.
		The northern Jin dynasty was overrun by the (A member of the nomadic peoples of Mongolia) Mongols in 1234, who subsequently took control of northern China and maintained uneasy relations with the Southern Song court.
		The Mongol (The imperial dynasty of China from 1279 to 1368) Yuan dynasty, proclaimed in 1271, finally destroyed the Song dynasty in 1279 and once more unified China, this time as part of a vast Mongol empire.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/so/song_dynasty.htm (1750 words)

	China's Dynasty: Song Dynasty
		The period of the Southern Song is neither a period of power nor stability and the dynasty only controlled the area south of the Yangtze River.
		When the dynasty was newly established, instead of appointing competent people to carry out reforms and devise effective defensive strategies, Emperor Gaozong did the opposite.
		The art of the Southern Song Dynasty developed in an urban culture characterized by active foreign trade and the emergence of a merchant class eager for diversions and entertainments previously available only to the nobility.
	www.warriortours.com /intro/history/song/southern.htm (575 words)

	After Han, Ancient Chinese cast coins - Calgary Coin Gallery
		The Western Chin dynasty, with its capital at Loyang, was established by Ssu-ma Yen in AD 265 and achieved a new unification of China with the conquest of Wu in AD 280.
		The Liang Dynasty was established by general Hsiao Yen of the Southern Ch'i Dynasty, but since he was, however distantly, related to the ruling house of the Southern Ch'i, one might think of this as simply a name change of the Southern Ch'i.
		The Northern Zhou dynasty was established in AD 557 by the son (whose name we do not yet know) of a general who helped overthrow the Wei dynasty, and then overthrew the Western Wei which he had ruled through puppet emperors.
	www.calgarycoin.com /cast2.htm (1518 words)

	Sung Dynasty: Video (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Sung Dynasty is one of those Golden Ages of Chinese art and culture.
		During the Northern Sung period the court, or the court academy of painting was very important and it championed a close look at nature that is reflected in paintings that are remarkably close to the real observed world, almost scientific in their data collecting and detail.
		With the shift in the court to the South to Hang Chou, when the northern territories fall in 1127, we do see the artistic community moving south, with the court and with the bureaucracy, with the government and a kind of different patronage ensue[s].
	www.artsmia.org /arts-of-asia/China/dynasties/sung-video.cfm (389 words)

	Sung dynasty
		Donning the yellow robe, he declared himself T’ai-tsu, Emperor of the Sung.
		His dynasty would last 319 years and was one of China’s most brilliant and attractive.
		he Sung boasted a welfare state that included housing and care for the elderly, state hospitals, low-interest loans for peasants, state orphanages, free pharmacies for the poor, filled state granaries, and fire stations and libraries in the large cities.
	www.ford.utexas.edu /museum/exhibits/China_exhibit/sung.htm (407 words)

	Song (Sung) Dynasty: Ancient China Dynasties
		The Five Dynasties all aspired to the reunification of China and by 959 the Later Zhou had brought much of the country back under a single ruler.
		The changes of dynasty were due to the change of ruling family.
		When Zhao Kuangyin seized power by a coup in Chenqiaoyi in 960 he was able to consolidate and extend his control in a restrained and methodical manner.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/history/song (310 words)

	CDC - Vol. 10, No. 2 Cover, Liu Sung-nien (1174–1224), Sung Dynasty. Lohan (1207)
		He painted figures and landscapes and was honored by Emperor Ning-tsung during the Sung Dynasty (960–1279), a prosperous and culturally rich period of Chinese history.
		The Sung Dynasty embraced education and erudition and nurtured many cultural luminaries, who pondered the universe but walked among the people and had a down-to-earth accessible style.
		China at the inception of the second millennium A.D. Art and culture of the Sung Dynasty, 960–1279 [cited 2003 Dec].
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol10no2/about_cover.htm (689 words)

	Sung dynasty Pottery from Shipwrecks FOR SALE
		Despite this looting, a number of Sung dynasty ceramic wares and few hundred kilos of pottery shards were recovered together with bronze gongs.
		The main intent with applying for such permit was a desire to extend the chronology of shipwrecks already discovered, investigated or excavated by the company in West Malaysia. Another objective was to locate a Sung dynasty site that had provided antique shops in Sabah with illegally salvaged pottery.
		Based on the ceramic pieces alone it would appear that the ship was loaded with Chinese ceramics made during the Northern Sung dynasty, sometime between AD.
	www.mingwrecks.com /tgsimpang.html (1311 words)

	Sung - Sung Dynasty Culture (Rexroth)
		Patrick Sung, Ph.D. Sung, P. (1997) Yeast Rad55 and Rad57 proteins form a heterodimer that functions Sung, P. (1994) Catalysis of ATP dependent homologous DNA pairing and
		Sung Joo Kim - Korea * Born in Seoul, 1948.
		It is in the Sung Dynasty that what we consider the specifically Chinese sensibility first came to flower.
	hispider.com /?q=sung (497 words)

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