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Topic: Sunyaev Zeldovic Effect

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	Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sunyaev and Zel'dovich predicted the effect, and conducted research in 1969, 1972, and 1980.
		To distinguish the SZ effect due to galaxy clusters from ordinary density perturbations, both the spectral dependence and the spatial dependence of fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background are used.
		Current research is focused on modelling how the effect is generated by the intra-cluster plasma in galaxy clusters redshifts, in using the effect to estimate the Hubble constant and to separate different components in the angular average statistics of fluctuations in the background.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sunyaev_Zeldovic_Effect (560 words)

	Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect - LearnThis.Info Enclyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		This Compton effect between the photons and electrons alters the CMB spectrum observed, though current detectors are not sensitive enough for the small scale SZ effect.
		When investigated, the Compton effect between the "photons" and the "electrons" alters the spectrum observed by the detectors, though the detectors are not sensitive enough for the small scale SZ effect.
		Current research is focused on the distinctive type of angular fluctuations from the effect in the microwave background, due to plasma galaxy clusters redshifts, to measure the scale of the universe.
	encyclopedia.learnthis.info /s/su/sunyaev_zeldovich_effect.html (516 words)

	Sunyaev Zeldovic Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Sunyaev Zeldovic effect (also refered to as the SZ effect or Sunyaev Zeldovic theory) is the phenonomena that radiant cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) interacting with "electron" clouds distorts the spectrum of the radiation.
		The Sunyaev Zeldovic effect is a chief astrophysical and cosmological interest.
		Current research is focused on the distinctive type of angular fluctuations from the Sunyaev Zeldovic Effect in the microwave background, due to plasma galaxy clusters redshifts, to measure the scale of the universe.
	www.icyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/su/sunyaev_zeldovic_effect.html (814 words)

	Cosmic background radiation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It comes from the effects of interplanetary dust, and interstellar matter.
		Its discovery and detail observations of its properties are considered one of the major confirmations of the Big Bang.
		The Sunyaev Zeldovic theory shows the phenomena of radiant cosmic background radiation interacting with "electron" clouds distorting the spectrum of the radiation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cosmic_background_radiation (200 words)

	CONK! Encyclopedia: Compton_effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In quantum mechanics, the Compton scattering or Compton effect, observed by Arthur Compton in 1923, is the increase in wavelength (decrease in energy) which occurs when X-ray (or gamma ray) photons with energies of around 0.5MeV to 3.5MeV interact with electrons in a material.
		In a material where there are free electrons, this effect will occur at all photon energies and hence all wavelengths.
		The effect is important in scientific terms because it demonstrates that light cannot be explained purely as a wave phenomenon.
	www.conk.com /search/encyclopedia.cgi?q=Compton_effect (517 words)

	Jahrbuch-CD der MPG 2003 - Simulating the Sunyaev-Zeldovic
		We present results on the thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effects from a sequence of high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations of structure formation, including cooling, feedback, and metal injection.
		Four simulations were performed, at two different resolutions with and without radiative effects and star formation.
		The effect of the additional physics is to suppress the mean Comptonization parameter by 20% and to suppress the angular power spectrum of fluctuations by just under a factor of 2 in this model, while leaving the source counts and properties relatively unchanged.
	www.mpg.de /forschungsergebnisse/wissVeroeffentlichungen/archivListenJahrbuch/2002/25/publZIM38.html (230 words)

	Rec Fresh : Article 'Meissner effect' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Meissner effect is the total exclusion of any magnetic flux from the interior of a superconductor.
		The Meissner effect is one of the defining features of superconductivity, and its discovery served to establish that the onset of superconductivity is a phase transition.
		The exclusion of magnetic flux is brought about by electrical "screening currents" that flow at the surface of the superconducting metal and which generate a magnetic field that exactly cancels the externally applied field inside the superconductor.
	www.rec-fresh.net /DisplayArticle68029.html (328 words)

	Compton effect - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Compton effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Compton effect, observed by Arthur Compton in 1923, is the increase in wavelength which occurs when X-ray photons with energies of around 0.5MeV to 3.5MeV interact with electrons in a material.
		In other materials, it is only observed only with high-energy photons; photons of visible light, for example, do not have sufficient energy to eject the bound electrons.
		Compton used a combination of three fundamental formulas representing the various aspects of classical and modern physics, combining them to describe the quantum behaviour of light.
	www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Compton-effect.html (579 words)

	Encyclopedia: Sunyaev Zeldovic Effect
		Myers, A. Shanks, P. Outram, W. Frith, and A. Wolfendale, "Evidence for an Extended SZ Effect in WMAP Data (http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0306180)".
		Birkinshaw, Mark, "The Sunyaev Zeldovich Effect (http://nedwww.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Birkinshaw/Birk_contents.html)", Department of Physics, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
		Hu, Jian, and Yu-Qing Lou, "Magnetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect in galaxy clusters (http://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0402669)".
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Sunyaev-Zeldovic-Effect (431 words)

	Compton effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Compton effect, observed by Arthur Compton in1923, is the increase in wavelength which occurs when photons with energies of around0.5MeV to 3.5MeV interact with electrons in a material.
		In amaterial where there are free electrons, this effect will occur at all photon energies and hence all wavelengths.
		The Compton Effect has on occasion been proposed as an alternative explanation for the phenomenon of the Redshift by opponents of the Big Bang theory,although this is not generally accepted because the influence of the Compton Effect would be noticeable in the spectral lines of distant objects and this is not observed.
	www.therfcc.org /bbs1/messages/compton-effect-32401.html (271 words)

	Home Page von Peter Erni
		Doppler broadening, caused by movements within the emitting gas, pressure broadening (or Stark effect), due to collisions between atoms and molecules, and the Zeeman effect, due to a strong magnetic field.
		Sunyaev-Zeldovic Effect (SZE): The Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (SZ effect or Sunyaev-Zeldovich theory) is due to high energy electrons distorting the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) through the inverse Compton effect, in which some of the high energy of the electrons is transferred to the low energy photons.
		Proximity Effect: Lower Lya absorption in the vicinity of the quasar.
	www.astro.uni-bonn.de /~perni/science/glossary.html (7371 words)

	Cosmic background radiation -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		It's discovery and detail observations of its properties are considered one of the major confirmations of the ((cosmology) the cosmic explosion that is hypothesized to have marked the origin of the universe) Big Bang.
		The (Click link for more info and facts about Sunyaev Zeldovic theory) Sunyaev Zeldovic theory shows the phenomena of radiant cosmic background radiation interacting with "electron" clouds distorting the spectrum of the radiation.
		There is also background radiation in the (The infrared part of the electromagnetic spectrum; electromagnetic wave frequencies below the visible range) infrared, (Click link for more info and facts about x-ray) x-rays, etc., with different causes; most of these are ultimately attributable to unresolved individual sources.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/c/co/cosmic_background_radiation.htm (474 words)

	CARA Science: CMBR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		This CMB dimming is known as the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE).
		By carefully mapping both the x-ray emission and the SZE we can determine the distance to the cluster which allows us to determine the expansion speed of the universe.
		The cluster, known as A3667, is the first to be mapped in SZE using the Viper telescope.
	astro.uchicago.edu /cara/research/cmbr/cmbrfigs.html (685 words)

	Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Using the Sunyaev-Zeldovich theory, research on very large scale velocity fields has been carried out, and future CMB detection experiments will have to account for the contributions from this effect.
		Current research is focused on the generation of the effect by plasma in galaxy clusters, in part to measure the scale of the universe.
		Observations are difficult due to the relative size of the effect.
	www.free-definition.com /Sunyaev-Zeldovic-effect.html (477 words)

	non-standard cosmology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Also, discordant redshifts do not debunk Alfven's model, even though his model can still be used to predict a locally expanding universe.
		In some non-standard cosmology this is not regarded as a general expansion of space time, but rather as result of physical effects of ambiplasma (explainable via concepts in the Sunyaev Zeldovic Effect).
		Also, some non-standard cosmology may attribute the redshift to physical effects of photons or it may assert that the universe is expanding but that this expansion is not the result of space's expansion itself (i.e.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Non-standard_cosmology.html (658 words)

	Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		(Click link for more info and facts about Sunyaev) Sunyaev and (Click link for more info and facts about Zeldovich) Zeldovich predicted the effect, and conducted research in 1969, 1972, and 1980.
		The Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect is of major (Click link for more info and facts about astrophysical) astrophysical and (Click link for more info and facts about cosmological) cosmological interest.
		It can help determine the value of the ((cosmology) the ratio of the speed of recession of a galaxy (due to the expansion of the universe) to its distance from the observer; the reciprocal of the Hubble constant is the age of the universe) Hubble constant.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/su/sunyaev-zeldovich_effect1.htm (558 words)

	Quasar, Redshifts and Controversies - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The bottom line of the controversy is our model of the Universe: it is generally thought that the universe is undergoing expansion, and that redshifts observed in extra-galactic objects are a confirmation of this effect.
		Quasars, in particular, are high-redshift objects thought to be very bright nuclei of very distant galaxies.
		Anomalous observations could be explained by perspective effects, these individuals argue.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Quasar,_Redshifts_and_Controversies (271 words)

	Cosmic background radiation
		When any patch of the sky is observed where no individual sources can be discerned, and the effects of interplanetary dust, and interstellar matter are taken into account, there is still radiation.
		This radiation is known as Cosmic Background Radiation.
		In the standard model, this is taken to be a remainder of the epoch when the universe, still hot, became transparent for the first time to radiation.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/c/co/cosmic_background_radiation.html (192 words)

	Astro-ph for busy people
		We examine the possible effects of UV background fluctuations on the pixel flux power spectrum and auto-correlation function of the LyA forest due to a finite number of sources in an attenuating medium.
		-Zel'dovich effect, which is generated by a previous scattering elsewhere in the cores of the local and nearby clusters.
		These two effects can, respectively, constrain the projected tangential velocity and inner density profile of the gas, if they can be separated with multi-frequency observations.
	www.camk.edu.pl /~gwar/astro-ph/2003.07.16.html (4642 words)

	Plasma cosmology - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Plasma cosmology is a non-standard cosmological view which relies on the electromagnetic effects of plasma for explaining the large-scale structure of the universe, energy storage, and energy flow between separate areas of the universe, among other things.
		The tiny measured anisotropies in the CMB correspond to the location of local galactic clusters, as predicted by Lerner's model of CMB as a local scattering effect, while the Durham researchers attribute it to the standard model's Sunyaev-Zeldovic Effect.
		One of the first and most well developed models of plasma cosmology was put forth in 1965 by Hannes Alfven.
	www.free-definition.com /Plasma-universe.html (1989 words)

	Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		2004 - The Arcminute Microkelvin Imager begins the first surveys for very high redshift clusters of galaxies using the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect
		2005 - The Sunyaev-Zel'dovic Array starts searching for very high redshift clusters of galaxies using the SZ effect
		Background radiation — Compton effect — Cosmic background radiation — Cosmic microwave background radiation — Rashid Sunyaev — Yakov Zel'dovich
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/S/Sunyaev-Zeldovich-effect.htm (648 words)

	Carnegie Mellon Astrophysics Group
		The CMU astrophysics group is involved in cutting-edge research covering the whole electromagnetic spectrum but focussed on extragalactic research and cosmology.
		The research of the CMU Astrophysics and Cosmology group covers a wide range of problems in observational cosmology.
		Viper has been used to study the Galactic center, and is now outfitted with the ACBAR receiver to search for galaxy cluster using the Sunyaev-Zeldovic effect.
	astrophysics.phys.cmu.edu /research (953 words)

	Astro 203, Intro to Cosmology, Spring 05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The general properties of galaxies: masses, sizes, stellar content, rotation, distances, motions, formation and evolution, dark matter, quasars
		Cosmic distance estimates: Hubble’s law, pulsating stars, Sunyaev-Zeldovic effect, surface brightness fluctuations, supernovae and other standard candles.
		The geometry of the Universe based on general relativity and supporting observations
	natsci.york.cuny.edu /~paglione/203/05spring.html (400 words)

	Eponym - InformationBlast
		Queen Elizabeth I of England, the "Virgin Queen"– Virginia and West Virginia
		Michael Faraday – Farad - unit of capacitance - Faraday constant, Faraday effect
		Nikola Tesla – Tesla effect, Tesla coil, Tesla - unit of magnetic flux density
	www.informationblast.com /Eponymous.html (2371 words)

	HistCite - index: Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
		STERN SA Carlstrom JE; Holder GP; Reese ED Cosmology with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect
		BROWN TM; GILLILAND RL Tohline JE The origin of binary stars
		NOVIKOV ID; ZELDOVIC YB Lecar M; Franklin FA; Holman MJ; Murray NW Chaos in the solar system
	www.garfield.library.upenn.edu /histcomp/annualreviews/annrevastrap/index-ncr-2.html (528 words)

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