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Topic: Suojeluskunta

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	FINNISH ARMY 1918 - 1945: RIFLES PART II
		In early 1920's Suojeluskunta made alarming observation that over large amount of about 70,000 M/91 rifles in its use had seriously worn barrels, which were in hardly in usable shape.
		Starting from year 1935 Suojeluskunta members could sent M/91-24 rifle issued to them to be replaced with M/28-30 rifle if they paid most of the expenses.
		Suojeluskunta was rightfully proud of its rifle (at the same time Finnish armed forces were very unhappy with their M/27 rifles).
	www.jaegerplatoon.net /RIFLES2.htm (3392 words)

	The Civil Guard Of Finland
		Suojeluskunta units were part of White Army, but at the same time they remained separate from recruited and drafted units, which later became the Finnish Army.
		Suojeluskunta members of Civil War can be roughly divided to three types of members: Those willing to fight both in their own local area and other parts of the country.
		Suojeluskunta Commander-in-Chief appointed the Chief of Sk District.
	www.mosinnagant.net /finland/TheCivilGuardOfFinland.asp (5431 words)

	Finland Civil Guard Tuco Introduction
		The Suojeluskunta: The history of the Civil Guard by Finnish contributor JTV.
		The Civil Guard is a very misunderstood organization by most of the world and this article helps set the record straight on the history of the "Sk".
		Suojeluskunta Oath: Suojeluskunta-oath for active Sk-members both the early and later versions.
	www.mosinnagant.net /finland/FinlandCivilGuardTucoIntroduction.asp (308 words)

	Oikeuslaitos - Lehdistötiedote 5.1.2005
		Hakija pyysi lääninhallitukselta lupaa saada perustaa Suomen Suojeluskunta ry -niminen yhdistys, jonka toimintaan kuuluu muun toiminnan ohella ampuma-aseiden käyttöön harjoituttaminen.
		Suomen Suojeluskunta -nimistä yhdistystä ei ole ollut käytössä puolustusvoimien ja suojeluskuntien tiiviin yhteistyön aikana.
		Suomen Suojeluskunta -nimen käytössä ei siten voida vedota suojeluskuntien ja puolustusvoimien väliseen historialliseen siteeseen.
	www.oikeus.fi /29453.htm (574 words)

	White Guard (Finland) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As a result, uploads have been disabled until further notice, and images may not be displayed.
		The White Guards is one translation of the Finnish term Suojeluskunta (plural: Suojeluskunnat, Finland-Swedish: Skyddskår) that has received many different translations to English, for instance: Security Guard, Civil Guard, National Guard, White Militia, Defence Corps, Protection Guard, Protection Corps and Protection Militia.
		These White Guards constituted the bulk of the victorious White Army during the Civil War in Finland (1918), and also the main forces of the Lapua Movement's failed coup d'état, the Mäntsälä Rebellion (1932).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/White_Guard_(Finland) (1240 words)

	The Lotta Svard Organization in Finland
		The first unit to use name of Lotta Svard was "Ambulance unit of Helsinki Suojeluskunta", which changed its name as "Lotta Svard-unit number 1" in January of 1919.
		Comparing the data to membership numbers of Suojeluskunta the number of Lottas started from much lower level and didn't reach Suojeluskunta membership numbers until early 1930's, but once that happened number of Lotta Svard members bypassed it easily and remained larger until abolishing of both organisations in 1944.
		After this members of SDP were welcome to join Suojeluskunta and Lotta Svard.
	www.kevos4.com /lotta_svard.htm (3594 words)

	Axis History Forum :: View topic - Italian volunteers in Winter war
		Suojeluskunta had an important role in the mobilization of reserves and territorial readiness, and its "sister organization" Lotta-Svärd was a womens's organization for national defence.
		It served Soviet aims to abolish the voluntary organizations for national defence, which were one of the explanations of the unexpected military efficiency of the Finnish Army in the Winter War and the Continuation War, hence the Fascist label for a pretext to get rid of them, like it actually happened.
		When disestablished in 1944 local Suojeluskunta's (which had their own house in practically every municipality, town and city) usually donated their property to local municipality/town/city, while property of Suojeluskunta-organisation (the organisation connecting and leading all local Suojeluskunta's) donated its property to Finnish State and Finnish Red Cross.
	forum.axishistory.com /viewtopic.php?p=494786#494786 (1834 words)

	Encyclopedia: Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
		The famous Mannerheims equestrian statue by the Mannerheim road in downtown Helsinki, the capital of Finland Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim (June 4, 1867 â€“ January 28, 1951) was the reputed Commander-in-Chief of Finlands Defence Forces, Marshal of Finland, an outstanding strategist and officer and was later...
		In politics, right-wing, the political right, or simply the Right, are terms which refer, with no particular precision, to the segment of the political spectrum in opposition to left-wing politics.
		He believed it to be better for Finland if the Social Democrats could be kept outside of the Cabinet.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Pehr-Evind-Svinhufvud (3239 words)

	Suomi 1917-1918 - Vuoden 1918 sota ja nälkäaika Pohjois-Suomessa
		Kemin pieni suojeluskunta lähti kuitenkin karkuun Rovaniemelle peläten Tornion punakaartilaisten hyökkäystä.
		Paikkakunnalla oli vuoden 1918 alussa sekä suojeluskunta että punakaarti.
		Tornion suojeluskunta lähetti etelän taisteluihin kolme Peräpohjolasta koottua pataljoonaa.
	www.uta.fi /laitokset/historia/suomi80/art16.htm (719 words)

	Puolustusvoimat: Lapin Sotilasläänin Esikunta
		Historiakirja Lapin alueen suojeluskunta- ja lotta- sekä sotilaspiireistä
		Historia kattaa suojeluskunta- ja lottapiirien vaiheet vuosilta 1917 - 44 sekä sotilaspiirien vaiheet vuosilta 1932 - 92.
		Lisäksi siinä kerrotaan monipuolisesti piiritason suojeluskunta- ja lottatoiminnasta sekä sotilaspiirin työstä ja tuodaan esille lukuisia Lapin puolustuskysymyksiin keskeisesti vaikuttaneita henkilöitä.
	www2.mil.fi /maavoimat/joukot/lapsle (114 words)

	Pehr Evind Svinhufvud - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-10)
		He also personally went to Saint Petersburg to meet Lenin, who somewhat hesitatingly gave his official recognition of Finnish independence.
		Svinhufvud's Senate also authorized General Mannerheim to form a new Finnish army on the basis on White Guard, the (chiefly Rightist) volunteer militia called the Suojeluskunta, thereby igniting the Civil War in Finland.
		During the Civil War, Svinhufvud went underground in Helsinki and sent pleas for intervention to Germany and Sweden.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pehr_Evind_Svinhufvud (1254 words)

	The Finnish Winter War 1939-1940
		On the 16th of January 1918, General Lieutenant Carl Gustav Mannerheim was commissioned by the Finnish senate to unite all the home guard (Suojeluskunta) units and to form an army for the new republic.
		There was a period of time during the 1930s when right-wing activity was on the rise, and part of the Suojeluskunta staff took part in right-wing activities.
		Later, there was a revolution in Mäntsälä led by right-wing activists, but the Suojeluskunta maintained order and forced their surrender.
	www.feldgrau.com /wwar.html (7528 words)

	Finnish Air Force in World War II
		Thus the regular press in the whole country published plenty of material from the front and from the units that was released through the Defence Forces.
		Hakkapeliitta was the magazine of the Suojeluskunta organisation for voluntary national defense.
		Hakkapeliittas were the Finnish cavalry of the Swedish army, a feared elite force during the 17th century during the 30 Years War.
	www.network54.com /Forum/46825/message/976303719/Pilven+Veikko (288 words)

	Valkoinen Kuolema - (Finnish language)
		In 1925, Häyhä started his compulsory military training in the Finnish Army from which he received an honorable discharge as a corporal.
		As a civilian again, he was transferred into the "suojeluskunta" in his hometown.
		This was the Finnish equivalent of the National Guard or Militia, established for the country's protection after Finland had gained independence from Russia on Dec. 6th, 1917.
	www.snipercountry.com /BVT_Reviews/ValkoinenKuolema.asp (1708 words)

	FINNISH ARMY 1918 - 1945: MACHINEPISTOLS PART I
		However, Suojeluskunta (Finnish Civil Guard) didn't have no such doubts and it bought first 1,000 Bergmann submachinegun already in year 1922.
		When Winter War begun Suojeluskunta Bergmanns were transferred to Finnish Army, which had serious shortage of automatic weapons.
		After World War 2 Suojeluskunta was disbanded and ownership of remaining Bergmann submachineguns were again transferred to Finnish Army - this time for good.
	www.jaegerplatoon.net /MACHINEPISTOLS1.htm (5331 words)

	Russian BerdanI I
		During this conflict, newer rifles were not always available in needed numbers, so Berdans saw limited use on both sides.
		As the Finnish military was not interested in the obsolete Berdan, in 1919 some 2.500 were issued to Suojeluskunta General HQ.
		When Suojeluskunta obtained modern rifles the Berdans were returned to Finnish Army stores.
	www.militaryrifles.com /Russia/RBerdan2.htm (609 words)

	Finnish Medals
		The medal is a bronze St. George style cross with blue enamel.
		In the center of the cross is a sword, point up, atop a white enameled stylized letter S, which stands for "Suojeluskunta" (Civil Guards).
		Behind the S show the points of a stylized spruce branch.
	www.gwpda.org /medals/finmedl/finland.html (1430 words)

	Definition of Viena expedition - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-10)
		In the end the thought about joining East Karelia to Finland got some support in the White Karelian villages around Uhtua.
		Local Suojeluskunta militias were formed in over 20 villages in the area.
		In July Malm was was recalled back to Finland and in his place captain Toivo Kuisma was placed in charge of the Finnish troops.
	biocrawler.com /biowiki/Viena_expedition (583 words)

	FinnArisaka
		Now, returning to Finland's Declaration of Independence in 1917, we find a country that had no "formal" Army.
		A civil guard was formed which was known as the Organization Suojeluskunta (Protective Corps or Civil Guard, abbreviated Sk.-Org in English or Sk.Y in Finnish.)
		Following Finland's victory in the Civil War she held a motley collection of captured ex-Czarist rifles, including several thousand Arisakas.
	www.gunboards.com /sites/mrj2003/Finland/FinnArisaka.htm (1391 words)

	Encyclopedia: White Guard (Finland) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-10)
		Updated 280 days 11 hours 32 minutes ago.
		The White Guards is one translation of the Finnish term Suojeluskunta (plural: Suojeluskunnat, Finland-Swedish: Skyddskår) that unfortunately has received many different translations to English, for instance: Security Guard, Civil Guard, National Guard, White Militia, Defence Corps, Protection Guard, Protection Corps and Protection Militia.
		Neither the Red Guards, nor the White, were trained for combat.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/White-Guard-(Finland) (1049 words)

	White Guard : Suojeluskunta
		The first serious battles were in the night of January 19th, a week later followed by the Senate's declaration on January 25th transforming the White Guards into the Army of Finland, and on January 26th the order of rebellion was issued.
		Typically Suojeluskunta organisations were local, with roots in "Security Guards" established during the General Strike of 1905, but it was the svoboda of the Russian troops, which really got most of the White Guards established.
		The svoboda appeared for the Finns as the Russian military going off control.
	www.fastload.org /su/Suojeluskunta.html (971 words)

	White Guard : Suojeluskunta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-10)
		White Guard : Suojeluskunta
		The White Guards is one translation of the Finnish term Suojeluskunta (plural: Suojeluskunnat, Finland-Swedish: Skyddskår) that unfortunately has received many different translations to English, for instance: Security Guard, Civil Guard, National Guard, White Militia, Protection Guard, Protection Corps and Protection Militia.
		It uses material from the wikipedia article White Guard : Suojeluskunta.
	www.eurofreehost.com /su/Suojeluskunta.html (283 words)

	Serial Number Ranges and Year of Manufacture on 28 & 28/ - www.ezboard.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-10)
		Just for giving some idea of the 3 level system of the organisation, a few words: The main 'cell' was a local civil guard which was voluntarily formed by men of a village etc. (e.g.
		'Lapuan Suojeluskunta (Sk)' = the Civil Guard of (village) Lapua; 'Kotkan Merisuojeluskunta (MSk)' = the Marine Civil Guard of (town) Kotka; etc.).
		All the local Civil Guards in a province or a Military District formed Civil Guard Districts (eg.
	p090.ezboard.com /fcollectorguns35625frm2.showMessage?topicID=684.topic (2750 words)

	Junior Sergeant Tauno K4hFnen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-07-10)
		There is only one picture dated back to pre-Winter War times:
		This is Terijoki (now Zelenogorsk) Suojeluskunta (Home Guard), of which Mr Kähönen was part.
		SOME OF THE IMAGES ARE NOT NICE, SIGNS FOR THE PICTURES MIGHT SOUND OFFENSIVE TO RUSSIAN AUDIENCE (THEY WERE MADE DURING THE WAR, WHEN THERE WAS NO TALK ABOUT POLITICAL CORRECTNESS)
	www.mannerheim-line.com /kahonen/enterkahonen.htm (161 words)

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