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	String theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		String theory is a model of fundamental physics whose building blocks are one-dimensional extended objects (strings) rather than the zero-dimensional points (particles) that are the basis of the Standard Model of particle physics.
		String theory as a whole has not yet made falsifiable predictions that would allow it to be experimentally tested, though various planned observations and experiments could confirm some essential aspects of the theory, such as supersymmetry and extra dimensions.
		String theory was originally invented and explored, during the late 1960s and early 1970s, to explain some peculiarities of the behavior of hadrons (subatomic particles such as the proton and neutron which experience the strong nuclear force).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/String_theory (5989 words)

	Superstring theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Superstring theory is a shorthand for "supersymmetric string theory" because unlike bosonic string theory, it is the version of string theory that incorporates fermions and supersymmetry.
		The graviton (the proposed messenger particle of the gravitational force), for example, is predicted by the theory to be a string with wave amplitude zero.
		This theory is special in the sense that it is based on unoriented open and closed strings, while the rest are based on oriented closed strings.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Superstring_theory (1007 words)

	String Theory - Uncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		String theory is the theory of strings panties.
		String theory is also related to rope science that covers the practice of tying exceedingly complicated knots in them for research purposes.
		String Theory is a very, very vast and complex subject, and only monks who spend their whole life on it can reach the mysteries of knots, which lies beyond the Tao.
	uncyclopedia.org /wiki/String_Theory (1193 words)

	NOVA \| The Elegant Universe \| Watch the Program \| PBS
		String theory is radically changing our ideas about the nature of space, opening up the possibility that extra dimensions, rips in the fabric of space, and parallel universes actually exist.
		Strings provide a unified framework for viewing the universe, but for a while, confusingly, there were five different versions of string theory.
		By the mid-1980s physicists had developed five different versions of string theory, raising the question of whether it would prove to be a theory of everything or a theory of nothing.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/elegant/program.html (715 words)

	Super G-String Field Theory (figures to appear)
		Since string field theory is becoming more and more a part of everyday life (so far, no disagreement has been found with experiment [2]), we here apply this formalism to the most important string, the super G [2]-string [3].
		This includes anybody who still calls strings "dual models".) The super G-string can also be used to derive models of GUTS [5] cosmetology (gastronomy), through the use of string solitons known as "comic strings" [6], due to their comic proportions.
		In this way, the beauty of string theory is made very similar to that of classical music, as suggested by the term "G-string" (although we had a different type of beauty in mind when we invented the term).
	insti.physics.sunysb.edu /~siegel/parodies/sgsft.html (2615 words)

	Strings 2000 Conference - String theory and M-theory
		Until recently, the best hope for a theory that would unite gravity with quantum mechanics and describe all physical phenomena was based on strings: one-dimensional objects whose modes of vibration represent the elementary particles.
		In the words of the guru of string theory, Edward Witten of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, "M stands for Magic, Mystery or Membrane, according to taste." New evidence in favor of this theory is appearing daily, representing the most exciting development since strings first swept onto the scene.
		String theory and the unification of forces, Sunil Mukhi
	feynman.physics.lsa.umich.edu /strings2000/mtheory.html (417 words)

	Guide to Chaos Theory, Relativity and String Theory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Chaos theory is the theory of the unpredictable behaviour that can arise in systems obeying deterministic laws as a result of their sensitivity to variations in the initial conditions or to an excessive number of variables.
		A mathematical formulation of the special theory of relativity is based on the idea that an event is specified by four co-ordinates: three spatial co-ordinates and one time co-ordinate.
		The super-string theory of elementary particles is based on the idea that the fundamental entities are not point-like particles, but finite lines (strings) or closed loops formed by strings.
	www.scifiscience.co.uk /guide.htm (794 words)

	A Universe of at Least 10 Dimensions. Columbia University Record, March 27, 1998
		The current “master theory” of particle physics holds that all matter is composed of tiny vibrating strings, which is easier to accept than the theory’s requirement that there need to be at least six more spatial dimensions in addition to time and the three spatial dimensions that we can perceive.
		And the difference between one particle of matter and another, according to Super String Theory, is the pattern of vibration that the string is undergoing.
		String Theory may also lead to a Unified Theory in which all the principles and theories of physics can be distilled into a single overarching statement.
	www.columbia.edu /cu/record/23/18/14.html (1553 words)

	M-theory, the theory formerly known as Strings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In String Theory, the myriad of particle types is replaced by a single fundamental building block, a `string'.
		Furthermore, the string is free to vibrate, and different vibrational modes of the string represent the different particle types, since different modes are seen as different masses or spins.
		Apart from the fact that instead of one there are five different, healthy theories of strings (three superstrings and two heterotic strings) there was another difficulty in studying these theories: we did not have tools to explore the theory over all possible values of the parameters in the theory.
	www.damtp.cam.ac.uk /user/gr/public/qg_ss.html (1344 words)

	CD Baby: SUPER- STRING-THEORY: Principles of Transformation - from eermusic
		Super String Theory is a high energy, progressive, instrumental rock-fusion band.
		Super String Theory has won over hundreds of people in the area at live events opening for such acts as King's X, Eric Sardinas, Bobby Rock and Jeff Scheetz.
		Super String Theory's follow up to 2003's "Swimming In The Dutch Mordant" is called "Principles Of Transformation".
	www.cdbaby.com /cd/superstringtheory/from/eermusic (178 words)

	Superstring Theory
		Construction of the superstring theory starts with the "Action Principle", which confines the movement of the string such that the world sheet sweeps out a minimum area (similar to the shorest distance for the case of point particle).
		In the open string case, the left- and right-mover oscillator terms are not independent, having been linked by the boundary condition, and a separation into left and right movers is not particularly useful.
		It was found in the 1960s that the spin (or angular momentum) of a family of resonances (short-lived elementary particles) is related to the square of mass by a simple line on a graph, which is known as Regge trajectory.
	universe-review.ca /R15-18-string.htm (8142 words)

	pa20 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A mathematical model for the unification of all known natural forces (electromagnetic, weak, strong and gravitational interaction) is believed found by means of the Super string theory [17], p.
		According to the Super string theory, the first symmetry fractioning separating the gravitation as the first force from the remaining natural forces, took place at the Planck time, when the universe was about 10
		Which string theory and if one of them at all is capable to serve as a model for describing the real world, we do not know until today.
	www.cosmictime.de /pa20.html (287 words)

	TOE: The Holy Grail of Modern Physics
		String theory promises a unified description of all forces, even gravity, all particles, space and time, free of arbitrary parameters and infinities.
		At the beginning of the twentieth century, Einstein formulated his theory of relativity and showed that Newton’s theory of gravitation was embedded somehow in his theory and was a special case of the theory of general relativity.
		Their theory was placed on a very sound footing by t’Hooft who showed in the 1970’s that the Salam-Weinberg theory was indeed renormalizable (free of irksome infinities).
	www.infidels.org /library/modern/features/2001/gill1.html (3127 words)

	Hagelin Book
		String theories are mathematical models for the so-called unified field.
		The super-string theory is the physicists' model for the "Theory of Everything." Since Einstein's day, mathematical inconsistencies had kept these string models grounded.
		Hagelin's theory was derived from super-string theory and linked super-string models to the standard model of physics, which is our everyday understanding of how life fits together.
	fairfield.freehosting.net /97nov/hagelin.html (1367 words)

	Imagining the Tenth Dimension - A Book by Rob Bryanton
		In string theory, physicists tell us that the subatomic particles that make up our universe are created within ten spatial dimensions (plus an eleventh dimension of "time") by the vibrations of exquisitely small "superstrings".
		While Einstein’s theories treated space and time as an entity, the more common approach in string theory and physics has been to treat time as an aspect which is separate from the other spatial dimensions.
		His theory explains that an observer is not necessary because all possible states do actually exist simultaneously, and the act of observation is not “collapsing” a particle, it is merely “observing” a part of a wave in one of its simultaneously existing states.
	www.tenthdimension.com /flash2.php (6519 words)

	Super String Theory - In Simple Terms
		The super-string theory of elementary particles is based on the idea that the fundamental entities are not point-like particles, but fuiite lines (strings) or close loops formed by strings.
		This theory may be a more useful route to a unified theory of fundamental interactions than quantum field theory because it probably avoids the infinities that arise when gravitational interactions are introduced into field theories.
		Superstring theories involve the idea of higher dimensional spaces: 10 dimensions for fermions and 26 dimensions for bosons.
	www.zianet.com /springtime/chris/physics9.htm (225 words)

	USC College : College Magazine : February 2004 : Clifford Johnson
		String theory is a revolutionary field in contemporary physics as it attempts to unify gravity, electromagnetism, the strong nuclear force and the weak nuclear force—the four forces of nature—within a single mathematical framework.
		Born in London and raised for ten years on the Caribbean island of Montserrat, Johnson “always wanted to be a scientist.” He decided when he was nine that he would specialize as a physicist (he looked it up in the dictionary) and claims that he’s been “boringly single-minded” ever since.
		Up until 1989, studies of string theory were largely perturbative, meaning the strings were interacting weakly, if at all.
	www.usc.edu /schools/college/college_magazine/february_2004/clifford_johnson.html (756 words)

	Super String Theory - Science Forums and Debate
		As far as I know there are mesons, which are composed of a quark-antiquark pair, baryons, which are composed of three quarks, exotic baryons, which are composed of five quarks, leptons, which are individual strings, and bosons, which are also individual strings.
		This may be the answer to the question regarding how strings are able to affect multiple dimensions.
		HE 10 Supersymmetry between forces and matter, with closed strings only, no tachyon, heterotic, meaning right moving and left moving strings differ, group symmetry is E8 x E8 There's no secrets in living, Just keep on walking, There's no secrets in dying, Just keep on flying.
	www.scienceforums.net /forums/showthread.php?t=5099 (605 words)

	Expanding Matrix and the Unification of Dynamics, A Physics Treatise Reexamining Fundamental Assumptions about Energy, ...
		One of the best candidates in the author's view is "String Theory" as it already uses a framework based on the concept of spatial transformations to build reality.
		When attempts are made to combine the two theories based on these criteria, the Uncertainty Principal predicts so much energy in the universe, that according to the equivalence postulated for matter and energy by E=mc², the gravitational attraction inferred by general relativity would have collapsed the entire universe into a "fl hole" long ago.
		By converting the entire spatial matrix including the gravitational elements of general relativity into an expanding field with a value of the constant C representing the velocity of light, I believe the conflict between general relativity and the uncertainty principal can be resolved.
	members.tripod.com /Exmatrix/Part_1.html (3573 words)

	Classical Physics, Quantum Mechanics, Relativity, Super String Theory And Mediation
		A theory is a coherent model that guides one's thoughts, a set of perceptions that can be modified until a better theory is advanced.
		Newton's theories included his theory of gravity for which he developed the calculus to describe it, his concept of three dimensions in an infinite universe, his particle theory of light and his underlying belief incorporated into his theories that there were, in fact, straight lines in nature.
		A single packet is a quantum and Planck's ideas were soon called the "quantum theory." Planck's quanta were not like Newton's microscopic bullets of light.
	mediate.com /articles/klattj3.cfm (654 words)

	SUPERSTRINGS! Why Strings? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For example Einstein-Maxwell theory unifies the forces of electricity and magnetism into the electromagnetic force.
		These high energy scales are completely beyond the range which can be created in the particle accelerators we currently have (or will have in the foreseeable future.) Most of the physical theories that we use to understand the universe that we live in also break down at the Planck scale.
		However, string theory shows unique promise in being able to describe the physics of the Planck scale and the Big Bang.
	www.sukidog.com /jpierre/strings/why.htm (366 words)

	theories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		His third paper on special relativity led him to develop the postulates of the principle of relativity (physical laws are same in all inertial reference frames), and the invariance of the speed of light.
		In 1916, his full general theory of relativity was published; it described interaction of bodies and space time.
		This theory is worth the study and two sites which help to explain are Super String Theory web site http://superstringtheory.com/ and Super String Tutorial http://www.sukidog.com/jpierre/strings/tutor.htm Basic to these theories is harmonics.
	delightacademy.com /theories.htm (953 words)

	pe20 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A mathematical model for the unification of all known natural forces (electromagnetic, weak, strong and gravitational interaction) is believed to be found by means of the Super string theory [24], p.
		In 1984 only, the unification of all natural forces gained new impetus by a Super string model introduced by Green and Schwarz which featured enough symmetry to exclude certain anomalies of earlier string theories.
		Which string theory and if one of them at all is capable to serve as a model for descibing the real world, we do not know until today.
	www.cosmictime.de /pe20.html (319 words)

	Excerpts
		The theory of relativity represents four dimensions—three of space and fourth is "time." Time is a human concept or invention that describes "movement in space." Theorists have long sought to unite gravity with quantum field theory to create a "theory of everything."
		Once this correlation between the theory and the experiment is established, we form a "concept." This process when documented and verified by other minds becomes known as a scientific process.
		In "Phaedrus," (death scene of Socrates, in which he discusses the theory of Forms, the nature of the soul, and the question of immortality) he postulated an immortal soul that strove ever upward after gaining its freedom from the flesh.
	www.unifiedftheory.com /Exc2.htm (2529 words)

	Theory of Everything and Theory of Nothing
		As I understand it, the “Super String Theory or Theory of Everything” (TOE) is a hot topic for those of you that wish to understand how everything works.
		To the string theory faithful that means no chance divergence of the timeline into endless branching or endless options.
		For the string theory faithful you do have the branch points of chance but try to think in simple binary terms.
	quicksilver.spiraldreams.com /toeton.html (2619 words)

	String Theory--- I need more
		I loved learning about string theory and truely which there were more hours in the day so I could finish reading the books I started in the summer.
		Incorporating supersymmetry gave the string physicists suppression of tachyons, which was important to them at the time (today the view of tachyons is more nuanced), as well as providing fermions.
		I tried to express that the choice was for scientists to accept the pre super-string theory version with its tachyon although it violated relativity, or to look for away around the tachyon.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?p=346354 (819 words)

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