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Topic: Superconducting quench gun

	Coilgun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A coilgun (also known as Gauss gun, Gauss cannon or Gauss rifle) is a type of cannon that uses a series of electromagnets to accelerate a magnetic shell to very high velocities.
		Coilguns are often mistakenly called railguns, and while they are similar in general concept (that is, a magnetic gun), they differ in operation, as a railgun accelerates projectiles down two parallel conducting rails.
		A superconducting quench gun could be created by successively quenching a line of adjacent coaxial superconducting coils forming a gun barrel, generating a wave of magnetic field gradient travelling at any desired speed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Coil_gun (942 words)

	Wikipedia: Railgun
		A railgun, also known as a Gauss gun, is a form of gun that converts electrical energy into projectile kinetic energy, rather than the more conventional chemical energy from an explosive propellant.
		Current ship guns sit on top of a large room called a magazine, which is full of shells for the gun to fire.
		The simple reason is that the destructive power of a handgun or long gun is limited as much by recoil as anything else; we can quite happily build a handgun that fires 20mm cannon shells, but you couldn't fire it without having your hand broken.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/r/ra/railgun.html (1337 words)

	superconductivity - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about superconductivity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Some metals, such as platinum and copper, do not become superconductive; as the temperature decreases, their resistance decreases to a certain point but then rises again.
		Superconductivity can be nullified by the application of a large magnetic field.
		In 1986, IBM researchers achieved superconductivity with some ceramics at −243°C/−405°F, opening up the possibility of ‘high-temperature’ superconductivity; a year later Paul Chu at the University of Houston, Texas, USA, achieved superconductivity at −179°C/−290°F, a temperature that can be sustained using liquid nitrogen.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /superconductivity (314 words)

	Railgun - Indopedia, the Indological knowledgebase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A railgun (not to be confused with a Gauss gun, which is another name for a coilgun), is a form of gun that converts electrical energy into projectile kinetic energy, rather than the more conventional chemical energy from an explosive propellant.
		Current ship guns store their explosive shells in a large magazine underneath the gun.
		The simple reason is that the destructive power of a handgun or long gun is limited as much by recoil as anything else; we can quite happily build a handgun that fires 20 mm cannon shells, but you couldn't fire it without having your hand broken.
	www.indopedia.org /Rail_gun.html (1663 words)

	Studies of ultra-thin Bi films quench-condensed on solid inert gas and other substrates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Apart from stabilizing the amorphous phase in Bi, the Ge underlayer is found to nucleate superconductivity when the Bi was quench-condensed at 15 K. The macroscopic properties of the film are dependent both on the underlayer as well as the deposition temperature.
		This is because in two dimensions, a superconducting transition is barely possible since it is a manifestation of long-range coherence between electron pair states, and preventing this coherence is localization which occurs even for weak disorder.
		Quench condensing the films at a lower temperature of 4 K did yield superconducting films, albeit with lower transition temperatures.
	www.ias.ac.in /currsci/sep25/articles21.htm (5101 words)

	Coilgun - Indopedia, the Indological knowledgebase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A coilgun (or Gauss gun) is a type of cannon that uses a series of electromagnets to accelerate a magnetic shell to very high velocities.
		Coilguns are often mistakenly called railguns by many sources, and while they are similar in general concept (that is, a magnetic gun), they differ in operation, as a railgun accelerates projectiles down two parallel conducting rails.
		Coil guns are a popular device in science fiction, espcially sci-fi role playing and video games, where they go under such names as Gauss cannon or Gauss rifle (e.g., in Battletech, Syndicate).
	www.indopedia.org /Coilgun.html (943 words)

	de Railgun A railgun not to be confused with a Gauss...
		de:Railgun A "railgun" (not to be confused with a Gauss gun, which is another name for a coil gun coil gun), is a form of gun gun that converts electrical energy energy into projectile projectile kinetic energy kinetic energy, rather than the more conventional chemical chemical energy from an explosive explosive propellant propellant.
		Current ship guns sit on top of a large room called a magazine magazine, which is full of shells for the gun to fire.
		The simple reason is that the destructive power of a handgun handgun or long gun long gun is limited as much by recoil recoil as anything else; we can quite happily build a handgun that fires 20mm cannon shells, but you couldn't fire it without having your hand broken.
	www.biodatabase.de /railgun (1464 words)

	Session 6P - Superconducting Magnets 2, Control Systems X, Feedback Systems (including Beam) 2.
		The energy stored in a superconducting accelerator magnet is dissipated after a quench in the coil normal zones, heating the coil and generating a turn to turn and coil to ground voltage drop.
		Quench heaters are used to protect the superconducting magnet by greatly increasing the coil normal zone thus allowing the energy to be dissipated over a larger conductor volume.
		The superconducting ring cyclotron (SRC-6), proposed as a booster of the present RIKEN Ring Cyclotron (RRC), is composed of six superconducting sector magnets, and each sector magnet uses pole pieces at 4 K to enhance the field strength and to reduce the electromagnetic forces on the coil support structure.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/YR97/BAPSPAC97/abs/S360.html (9559 words)

	Electromagnetic Guns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The objective is to demonstrate feasibility of accelerating a 0.33 kg (.73 pound) projectile to a velocity of 3 km/s (9.8 ft/s), corresponding to a muzzle energy of 1.5 MJ.
		By successively quenching a line of adjacent coaxial superconducting coils forming a gun barrel, it is possible to generate a wave of magnetic field gradient travelling at any desired speed.
		The muzzle end of the gun is a pulsed field winding imbedded in a helical groove, which is excited with a current pulse sufficiently slow to penetrate the barrel and fill the bore with magnetic flux.
	www.oz.net /~coilgun/theory/electroguns.htm (4483 words)

	Session 3P - Superconducting Magnets 1, Superconducting RF, Control Systems W, Radiation Monitoring and Safety.
		Individual quench protection diodes were introduced in magnets interconnects and many auxiliary bus bars were added to feed in series the various families of correcting superconducting magnets.
		The useful performance range of the superconducting rf (SRF) cavities in the CEBAF accelerator at Jefferson Lab is frequently limited by electron field emission and derived phenomena.
		The superconducting synchrotron named Nuclotron based on a miniature iron-shaped field SC-magnets was put into operation at the LHE JINR in 1993.The Nuclotron Control System (NCS) project,which is still under development,started in 1992 and has provided efficient support for the machine commissioning through all its phases.This paper presents the current status of the NCS.
	flux.aps.org /meetings/YR97/BAPSPAC97/abs/S200.html (9602 words)

	free download ebooks - Stearyl alcohol (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A coilgun (also known as Gauss gun, Gauss cannon or Gauss rifle) is a type of cannon that uses a series of electromagnet s to accelerate a magnetic shell to very high velocities.
		Coilguns are often mistakenly called railgun s by many sources, and while they are similar in general concept (that is, a magnetic gun), they differ in operation, as a railgun accelerates projectiles down two parallel conducting rails.
		The Superconducting Quench Gun By successively quenching a line of adjacent coaxial superconducting coils forming a gun barrel, it is possible to generate a wave of magnetic field gradient travelling at any desired speed.
	en_top.secret.en.pdahp.org (3541 words)

	Coilgun
		A coilgun (also known as Gauss gun or Gauss rifle) is a type of cannon that uses a series of electromagnets to accelerate a magnetic shell to very high velocities.
		In common coilgun designs, the "barrel" of the gun is made up of a track that the shell rides on, with the driver coils around the track.
		However this advantage is offset by the cost and complexity of the switching system needed to supply a longer gun.
	www.archaeologics.com /Technology-CtoD/Coilgun.php (1157 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Superconductivity Research Laboratory, International Superconductivity Technology Center (ISTEC), 10-13 Shinonome 1-chome, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0062, JAPAN; telephone +81 3 3536-5711; telefax +81 3 3536-5714; e-mail egami@istec.or.jp.
		Yuval Oreg and Eugene Demler, "Fermions and Bosons in Superconducting Amorphous Wires." To be published in Electronic Correlations: From meso- to nano-physics; Proceedings of the XXXVI Rencontres de Moriond, T. Martin, G. Montambaux & J. Tran Tran Van Eds.
		N. Shah and A. Millis, "Superconductivity, phase fluctuations and the c-axis conductivity of bilayer high temperature superconductors." E-mail nayanas@physics.rutgers.edu; preprint also available at http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/0106610.
	www.iitap.iastate.edu /htcu/archive/2001June.html (11415 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Sushil K. Misra, Samih Isber, and Georges Denes, "Superconductivity in Non-Stoichiometric and Tin-substituted La2CuO4: Preparation, Characterization, Mossbauer and Microwave Absorption Studies." To be published in Physica C (in press).
		P. Sevlamani, G. Vaitheeswaran, V. Kanchana, and M. Rajagopalan, "Effect of Pressure on the Superconducting Transition Temperature of Nb-Zr and Ti-V." To be published in Physica C (in press).
		Key words: SMES, high-temperature superconducting, 20 K. Tasaki, M. Takahashi, M. Sakai, T. Kuriyama, Y. Sumiyoshi, H. Kasahara, S. Akita, and H. Sakaguchi, "Research and Development of Superconducing Magnetic Energy Storage System: Feasibility Study of a Cryocooler Cooled 15 kW h HTS-SMES." To be published in Physica C (in press).
	www.iitap.iastate.edu /htcu/archive/2001August.html (11060 words)

	MRI Facility Safety — Understanding the Risks of Powerful Attraction
		In one instance, a police officer’s gun discharged as it was sucked out of his grip; in another, a firefighter was trapped and nearly suffocated as he was drawn into the bore when the breathing apparatus strapped to his back became magnetized in the MRI room.
		Today’s superconducting MRI systems are designed to vent liquid helium via an integral duct system that releases the gas outside the building both automatically and on command.
		Although most quenches are triggered either manually or as a result of technical or environmental problems, one or two systems quench each year without any discernable cause, says Gilk.
	www.radiologytoday.net /archive/rt_103105p2.shtml (2625 words)

	Coilgun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A superconductive version of the coilgun is called quench gun.
		Resistors attached to superconductive coils heat them up and thereby change their state to normal (non-superconducting).
		A cryogenic refrigerator removing the heat would have to be so large that a quench gun cannot be seriously considered as a means of space transportation.
	www.islandone.org /LEOBiblio/SPBI112.HTM (217 words)

	The Nuclotron Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The first superconducting synchrotron named Nuclotron based on a miniature iron- shaped field SC-magnets was designed, constructed and put into operation at the LHE.
		It was the first test run of a new superconducting synchrotron constructed at the Laboratory over the period of 1987-1992.
		The "Nuclotron", a superconducting strong focusing accelerator of relativistic nuclei, was considered as a three-stage accelerating facility, consisting of: 10 MeV/u linac, 750 MeV/u booster ring (both conventional and superconducting ones were considered) and 20
	sunhe1.jinr.ru /page/nucl/nuclotron.html (3405 words)

	BMDO - 184 Phase I Selections from the 99.1 Solicitation
		Potential commercial applications include cooling of electronics, superconducting components used in telcommunications equipment (cell phone base stations), home and commercial refrigerators, heat pumps, air conditioning for homes, offices and automobiles, and virtually any place that refrigeration is needed.
		The refrigerator is intended for use with cryogenic sensors, and cold electronic devices, superconducting and semiconducting instruments, Josephson voltage standards and IR imaging cameras for both space-borne and terrestrial applications.
		A composite approach will be taken where ceramic powders having a large thermal conductivity are mixed with an organic carrier (either GE 7031 or Formvar) that cures at room temperature (elevated temperatures are avoided to protect the oxygen stochiometry of the YBCO).
	www.dodsbir.com /selections/abs991bmdo.htm (15105 words)

	Facilities
		The central instrument is a Hitachi S4200 high resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with a cold field emission electron gun, digital imaging, and a thin-window energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDS).
		Higher resolution is available using the Philips CM20 transmission electron microscope (TEM) with a scanning transmission (STEM) attachment and EDS detector.
		The center is also equipped with a 9 T superconducting magnet, optical cryostats, a Fourier Transform Spectrometer, monochromators, etc. Facilities include magneto-photoluminescense, reflectivity, magneto-transmission, transport measurements, NSOM (near surface optical microscopy), ablation, materials modification, band-offsets measurements, and second harmonic generation measurements.
	vinse.vanderbilt.edu /facilities.html (995 words)

	Kathryn Cramer: Superconducting Magnet Quench
		The first two are from a "normal" collision of two gold nuclei, producing several thousand particles in the center of the detector.
		The next four show the results of a superconducting magnet quench that happened at noon on March 25, 2006.
		The quench dumped all the protons they were planning to use for the next four hours of collisions, which hit the accelerator walls and produced a flash of radiation picked up the the STAR detector.
	www.kathryncramer.com /kathryn_cramer/2006/03/superconducting.html (905 words)

	EBSD Bibliography Authors S to Z (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		In this regard, a longitudinal section of a high-purity coarse-grained niobium ingot was cold rolled to a thickness reduction of 96% followed by annealing in vacuum by 800°C for 1 hr.
		The quenching of the epsilon phase of iron, which has not been observed under a conventional shock compression, was attained using a femtosecond laser.
		The crystalline structure in a recovered iron sample was determined using an electron backscatter diffraction pattern, an electron diffraction pattern, and a synchrotron X-ray diffraction methods.
	www.edax.com /technology/EBSD/bib-pages/bibliography-s-to-z.html (16998 words)

	Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 7, 090702 (2004): Flöttmann et al. - Emittance compensation in a...
		External fields are necessary for emittance compensation and beam focusing in rf photoelectron guns.
		For rf guns with superconducting cavities two fields have been discussed up to now.
		The first field is a specially designed radial component of the rf field immediately after the cathode and the second is a static magnetic field downstream of the superconducting cavity.
	prst-ab.aps.org /abstract/PRSTAB/v7/i9/e090702 (345 words)

	Basic Energy Sciences Accomplishments \| Recent Research Highlights (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		) was discovered to superconduct at a remarkably high temperature of 40 K, double the 20 K value for the niobium-based industrial standard.
		During the past year, it was determined that the material continues to be superconducting in high fields if a small amount of carbon, about 5%, is substituted for boron.
		This device allows precise magnetic field mapping of superconducting undulator prototypes at cryogenic temperatures and measures thermal performance and quench behavior under realistic operating conditions, including simulated beam heating.
	www.er.doe.gov /bes/accomplishments/vignettes.html (12674 words)

	Science fiction concepts - Page 2
		Some of these seem to be optimized for specific designs, though.
		Since no one's designed a superconducting quench gun model yet, that could be difficult to adjust for.
		Still, looks like these are the equations I need, once I sort through the specifics to find the generalities.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?p=944973#post944973 (379 words)

	PAC97 -- Vol. 3
		Longitudinal Emittance Compensation In a Photocathode RF Gun Injector
		The Development of a Superconducting RF Gun: Status of the Drossel Collaboration
		Superconducting Cavities for the Reduced-Beta Section of a Proton Linac
	www.triumf.ca /pac97/papers/vol3.html (6767 words)

	abstracts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		A High Current, High Gradient, Laser Excited, Pulsed Electron Gun
		Diversified Technologies, Inc.; Bedford, MA Optimization and Manufacturing Qualified for Controlled Processing for
		American Superconductor, Corporation; Westborough, MA Rapid Quench Nb3Al for High Field Accelerator Applications
	www.er.doe.gov /sbir/awards_abstracts/sbir/cycle15/phase2/abstracts.htm (15672 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #6797224 - Superconducting augmented rail gun (SARG).
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		430100 -- Particle Accelerators-- Design, Development, & Operation; RAILGUN ACCELERATORS-- SUPERCONDUCTING COILS; ARMATURES;AUGMENTATION;BENDING;EFFICIENCY;ENERGY TRANSFER;MAGNETIC DIPOLES;MAGNETIC FIELDS;PROJECTILES;VELOCITY;WEAR
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6797224 (110 words)

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