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Topic: Superheater

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	Superheater - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A superheater is a device in a steam engine that heats the steam generated by the boiler again, increasing its thermal energy and decreasing the likelihood that it will condense inside the engine.
		Superheaters increase the efficiency of the steam engine, and were widely adopted.
		A superheater increases the distance between the throttle and the cylinders in the steam circuit and thus reduces the immediacy of throttle action.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Superheater (450 words)

	INFORMATION SHEET
		Superheater outlet temperature is a result of the combustion gas flow in proportion to the total amount of steam flow through all ranges (0 - 120%).
		The superheater is composed of superheater headers which distribute steam to the superheater tubes or elements and direct it from the inlet to outlet piping.
		Since these boilers are uncontrolled superheat and the plant is designed to use lower temperature steam in many applications to help reduce construction and maintenance costs, the steam needed for these services must pass through a desuperheater.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/navy/docs/swos/eng/62B-203I.html (3807 words)

	Steam power plant with fluidized bed heat source for superheater and method of producing superheated steam - Patent ...
		In power plants of the type comprising a boiler with an integral superheater, a turbine and a separate superheater between the turbine and the integral superheater, it is desirable to drive the superheating of the steam as high as possible to achieve a high thermal efficiency and good heat economy.
		C, the superheaters according to the invention are provided with a separate heat source in the form of a fluidized bed located separate from the conventional boiler.
		Due to the use of a fluidized bed for superheaters 6 and 7, it is possible to achieve highly efficient heat transfer from the combustion gases via the bed material to the tubes, resulting in a superheating to 700.degree.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4085593.html (1645 words)

	Main Propulsion Plant DD445 and 692 Classes and Converted Types, Operation Manual - Section VI
		The superheater bypass valve should remain in the open position as long as the boiler is fired with the superheater outlet stop valve secured.
		The superheater safety valve consists of a piston type disc, with no stem, which is held in line by the cylinder in which it works.
		The rate of flow through the superheater i.e., the pressure differential, as represented by the position of the iron core is transmitted electrically as a ratio of the output voltages from the two secondary windings of the transformer.
	www.hnsa.org /doc/destroyer/steam/sec06.htm (11974 words)

	Denbigh's Boiler
		The superheater increased the temperature of the saturated steam that the boiler produced.
		Superheat also increases the overall thermodynamic efficiency of the steam engine because there is more heat to convert to work.
		Denbigh’s tubular superheater is broken and partially collapsed into the main body of the boiler, but it appears to be very similar to Parson’s superheater, introduced the year after Denbigh was built.
	nautarch.tamu.edu /PROJECTS/denbigh/Boiler.htm (813 words)

	Stanley Steam Car Superheater
		The superheater is another of the simpler devices in a steam car.
		Being directly exposed to the burner flame similar to the 1/4" stainless steel pipe used to construct a burner vaporizer coil, a superheater coil is generally constructed of 1/2" seamless Schedule 80, 304 stainless steel pipe.
		Thus a superheater is employed to add additional energy into the saturated steam, raise the steam's temperature, so that the steam becomes superheated steam.
	www.stanleymotorcarriage.com /Parts/Superheater.htm (1487 words)

	Superheater Surface (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The superheater is a device to increase the efficiency of a steam locomotive.
		In locomotives without a superheater (so-called saturated locomotives), the temperature of the steam entering the cylinders directly from the boiler is just at the boiling point for the given pressure (380°F or 195°C at 200psi or 14atm., for example).
		The superheater functions by returning evaporated steam back in to the boiler for additional heating (hundreds of degrees) before it is led to the cylinders.
	orion.math.iastate.edu /jdhsmith/term/Suprheat.htm (197 words)

	Refractory shields for curved and straight superheater tubes - Patent 4776790
		Straight and arcuately shaped superheater tube refractory shields are each comprised of a pair of interchangeable, interfitting and interlocking half sections or shields of identical size and semi-circular shape made of refractory material such as nitride bonded silicon carbide, alumina, zirconia, magnesia, chromia and mixtures thereof.
		6 is a view showing straight and adjoining curved sections of a superheater tube surrounded by and protected by correspondingly straight and arcuately curved refractory shields comprised of identical half shields with a lesser number of axially spaced tapered or inclined camming surface portions holding the half shields together.
		In addition to disposing of the trash and garbage the incinerator is utilized to burn and produce therefrom a source of energy such as steam to drive a turbine driven electrical generator or to merely heat a fluid used for other purposes.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4776790.html (2457 words)

	TSPS Engineering Manual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Protection against excessive superheater temperature while lighting off and bringing the boiler up to pressure is provided by means of a 1" superheater vent line, which permits the circulation of steam through the superheater to atmosphere through a root and throttle valve connection.
		The superheater outlet temperature was maintained by diverting steam from the inlet of the fourth superheater pass, through a superheating coil located in the boiler steam drum and then back to the inlet of the fifth superheater pass.
		The superheat temperature must be watched closely and may be controlled to a certain extent by using three factors: excess air, feedwater temperature, and which burners we use.
	weh.mma.mass.edu /campus/tsps/Manual/boilers.html (2498 words)

	Locomotive Boilers and Engines
		A superheater consists of a series of tubes and headers usually placed in the smoke-box, through which steam passes on its way to the cylinders, thus raising its temperature.
		In installing the superheater, the boiler tubes are first set in place in the superheater and then placed in the boiler, the smoke-box tube plate being left off for this purpose.
		A gauge at the bottom indicates the degree of superheat of the steam in the throttle valve chamber.
	www.sdrm.org /faqs/boilers/page65.html (1932 words)

	Confused person's steam locomotive questions - Trains.com Forums
		The superheater elements have the steam on the inside and the hot gases on the outside.
		The superheater elements are connected to the boiler by the "header", a big steel casting in the shape of a box (more or less), which is divided in two inside.
		The boiler is designed to operate with the superheater in place, and will not operate correctly without it, as the gas flow through the flues without the elements in place would be too fast, and heat would not be transferred into the water correctly.
	www.trains.com /TRC/CS/forums/1/124429/ShowPost.aspx#124429 (579 words)

	Boiler Forum and Steam Forum - Superheater problem
		the superheater of this boiler is located at radiation area of the furnace directly, material is AS 209-Ti, we use fuel oil (no 6) as a fuel.
		The superheater of this boiler is subjected to damage (tube failuer and bulging)after 1 year operation and replaced with a new one (material A 213-T22 and A 213-T91 for the outermost raw facing flame)
		1- the water carryover in from upper drum into superheater becouse u said 60 ton/h at 280 so i think that ur supper may be plugged due to water bubbles in steam from drum so, you have to check your
	www.firecad.net /boilerforum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=64 (429 words)

	Lewis Karrick: US Patent # 1,832,219 ~ Superheater
		By this process of superheating, the combustion zone temperatures may be kept at high heat and the coke steam ratio varied to govern the exit temperature of the fluids and the temperature of the metal walls.
		It is the object, obviously, to convert as much as practicable of the steam to water gas of the latter form because of its greater fuel value, but primarily because of the greater economy in use of steam for carbonizing coal in which steam functions as the heat transferring fluid.
		The hot steam and gases from the superheater may also be used in a heat exchanger while under pressure to generate another supply of steam at lower pressure for use in another similar superheater, or to superheat steam instead of using combustion gases as a source of heat.
	www.rexresearch.com /karrick2/1832219/1832219.htm (2045 words)

	Stanley Steam Car Drip Valve
		While this means the firing up process takes longer, it is better for the car since the boiler and the superheater are not subjected to extreme heat but rather are heated gradually.
		The steam running through the superheater acts to cool the superheater and thus protects the superheater from damage.
		To protect the superheater keep a small amount of steam passing through the line, which is enough moisture to protect the superheater.
	www.stanleymotorcarriage.com /Parts/DripValve.htm (1073 words)

	Arc Machines, Inc., Utilities - Carolina Power & Light Co.
		The superheater tubes were 2" in diameter with a.420" wall thickness on 4" centers.
		By utilizing the automatic welding process, we were able to complete all of the superheater dissimilar welds in the penthouse.
		Due to the reheater and superheater jobs being similar in scope, the information compiled from the manual reheater process was utilized for the superheater.
	www.arcmachines.com /appPages/cpl02.html (758 words)

	Peak efficiency solar energy powered boiler and superheater (US3927659)
		A frustoconical reflecting surface extends radially outward of the enclosure and away from the window to reflect fringe solar radiation into the chamber.
		One or more cylindrical superheater heat exchanger coils may protrude axially towards the window from the rear end of the chamber.
		The frustoconical reflecting surface and the window are cooled by further heat exchangers which preheat the feed water entering the boiler heat exchanger.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn10=US03927659 (245 words)

	JS Online:Alliant failed to replace balky superheater at Columbia
		Chris Schoenherr, a spokesman for the utility, expressed satisfaction at the report's conclusion that the utility had taken steps to alleviate the worst problem - a series of leaks that escalated after the company installed a water cannon to clean the walls of the power plant's boiler.
		Of 25 plant shutdowns, 13 were traced to leaks caused by the water cannon and nine were related to the superheater, the commission said.
		But the regulators also said that "low capital expenditures in the early 1990s" plus the delay in replacing the superheater "may have contributed" to the plant's drop in performance.
	www.jsonline.com /bym/news/aug03/165952.asp (695 words)

	BONUS (Boiling Nuclear Superheater) _ Nuclear Pictures - NukeWorker.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The decommissioned Boiling Nuclear Superheater (BONUS) reactor, located northwest of Rincón, Puerto Rico, was developed as a prototype nuclear power plant to investigate the technical and economic feasibility of the integral boiling-superheating concept.
		This small-scale nuclear reactor produced saturated steam in the central portion of the reactor core, superheated it in four surrounding “superheater” sections of the same core, and then used the superheated steam in a direct loop to drive a turbine generator.
		The reactor was designed to be large enough to evaluate the major features of the integral boiling-superheating concept realistically without the high construction and operating costs associated with a large plant.
	www.nukeworker.com /pictures/thumbnails.php?album=43 (496 words)

	Arc Machines, Inc., Industrial - Unit Superheater Engineering, Ltd.
		The 0.75in diameter, 12BWG tubes of ASTM A249 material were welded into the 1225mm diameter, 208mm thick ASTM 182 tubesheets using a 2-pass procedure, with filler wire.
		The welding was completed in advance of Texaco's deadline and met or exceeded their strict quality requirements.
		This partnering of a reliable, technologically forward-thinking company like Unit Superheater Engineering and state of the art orbital welding equipment from Arc Machines, Inc. can make difficult jobs with strict performance requirements possible.
	www.arcmachines.com /appPages/use01.html (171 words)

	NDE Associates, Inc. - NDT in Non-Nuclear Power Generation: Pressure Vessels, Piping, Turbines
		These welds are present in high temperature sections of the boiler, including the superheater and reheater sections.
		The DMW cracking occurs along or near the fusion line between the low alloy steel and the weld.
		ID oxide scale can be produced when tubes in the reheater and superheater have experienced high temperatures for extended periods of time.
	www.nde.com /paper55.htm (3485 words)

	Modelling Superheater tubes
		Hii friends, i ahve to model superheater tube bundles in a steam furnace considcering the radiation view factors also.i already have the combustion analysis of flue gases inside the furnace.
		i am unable to conceptualize the design of the superheaters inside the furnace.
		How shal i incorporate the tubes inside the furnace model in Ansys ICEM, also during analysis using CFX 5.7 i am not able to understand how to consider the domain and sub domains in the model.
	www.cfd-online.com /Forum/cfx_archive.cgi?read=13805 (165 words)

	SuperHeater Design : Coal boiler,hrsg,waste heat,wood boilers,oil,gas boilers
		FireCAD SuperHeater design module is a windows based user friendly design software.
		Using this module, Engineers can design SuperHeater for Fired Boilers, Waste Heat Boilers, HRSGs and for other hot gas sources of Chemical plants.
		A database of Industrial standard Fins and Gills has been provided so that users can directly select Fin or Gill of thier choice to use in design.
	www.firecad.net /boiler/Superheater.aspx (228 words)

	Superheater Steam Flow (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		During a new boiler start-up we are experiencing the following: (D-Type boiler) At < 25,000 lbs steam/hr we have normal superheated steam temperature at the superheater outlet.
		Drum pressure is 225 PSIG and steam temperature is 585 - 600 degrees F. At > 25,000 lbs steam/hr our drum pressure increases steadily and our outlet steam temperature begins to approach saturated temperature.
		It appears to me that the superheater is restricted.
	www.steamforum.com /_discstm/00001317.htm (118 words)

	Chemical plant design & operations - steam superheater
		Anyone have experience specifying a superheater to supply steam to a process evaporator?
		Specifically, this plant runs their main boilers at 150 psig to meet the sporadic (2-4 times per hour for a few minutes) demand of the evaporator.
		Superheat is sensible heat, and you'll have to use THAT up before you get to where the real action is - the latent heat given up when the saturated steam condenses.
	www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=46710 (299 words)

	Superheater Elements Supplier,Air Preheater Supplier,Steam Boiler Components,Boiler Components India
		Superheater Elements Supplier,Air Preheater Supplier,Steam Boiler Components,Boiler Components India
		Trust Well Engineers is a reputed organization that manufactures and exports superheater elements, air preheater, steam boiler components
		Trust Well Engineers came into being under the able guidance of Mr.V.B. Ambekar, who has a 35 years of experience in the field of boilers.
	www.indiamart.com /trust-well-engineers (313 words)

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