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Topic: Superior cervical ganglion

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	IX. Neurology. 7b. The Cervical Portion of the Sympathetic System. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The Medial Branches (internal branches) are peripheral, and are the larnygopharyngeal branches and the superior cardiac nerve.
		The inferior cervical ganglion (ganglion cervicale inferius) is situated between the base of the transverse process of the last cervical vertebra and the neck of the first rib, on the medial side of the costocervical artery.
		The plexus on the inferior thyroid artery accompanies the artery to the thyroid gland, and communicates with the recurrent and external laryngeal nerves, with the superior cardiac nerve, and with the plexus on the common carotid artery.
	www.bartleby.com /107/216.html (1126 words)

	Early American Manual Therapy
		The bilateral symmetrical vertical ganglionated trunk of the sympathetic is connected to the spinal cord by means of the rami communicantes, which are two bands of nerves extending from the spinal nerves to the ganglia of the trunk of the sympathetic.
		The cervical sympathetic trunk is characterized by the absence of the white rami communicantes.
		The bilateral cervical and dorsal sympathetic trunks are practically not directly united by transverse nerve cords, the bilateral lumbar and pelvic trunks are united by numerous transverse nerve cords (and plexuses).
	www.meridianinstitute.com /eamt/files/robinson/Rob1ch4.htm (2058 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 976
		Postganglionic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion pass through the internal carotid nerve and the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve to the orbit where the long ciliary nerves conduct the impulses to the eyeball and the dilator pupillæ muscle.
		Other postganglionic fibers from the superior cervical ganglion are distributed as secretory fibers to the salivary glands, the lacrimal glands and to the small glands of the mucous membrane of the nose, mouth and pharynx.
		From the celiac and superior mesenteric ganglia postganglionic fibers (inhibitory) are distributed to the stomach, the small intestine and most of the large intestine.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page976.html (651 words)

	lab6
		Superior olivary nucleus (Lower Pons, Middle Pons) - this nucleus lies medial to the forming lateral lemniscus in the caudal pons dorsal to the basilar pontine nuclei and dorsolateral to the medial lemniscus (Atlas pp.
		Brachium of the Superior Colliculus (Upper Midbrain) - this fiber bundle is a group of axons from retinal ganglion cells that leave the optic tract by passing the lateral geniculate nucleus to bring visual information to the superior colliculus in a retinotopic fashion (of course) and other midbrain structures.
		Superior Colliculus (Middle Midbrain, Upper Midbrain) - the visual colliculus is flattened anterior to posterior compared to the inferior colliculus.
	hippocrates.ouhsc.edu /showcase/Neurosciences/lab6.html (1698 words)

	cervical sympathetic chain (anatomy) - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The cervical ganglia are an extension of the thoracic paravertebral sympathetic trunk lying inferiorly.
		Thus, the cervical ganglia are not associated with white rami communicantes carrying preganglionic fibres - preganglionic fibres ascend from the thoracic part of the trunk.
		Interruption of the cervical sympathetic chain is one cause of Horner's syndrome.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-650837959.htm (242 words)

	Autonomic state in pain and correction - Page 2 - SomaSimple Forums
		The ganglion lies on or just lateral to the lateral border of the longus colli between the base of the seventh cervical transverse process and the neck of the first rib (which are posterior to it), the vertebral vessels being anterior.
		Distally it is reinforced from the superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses.
		The superior hypogastric plexus is anterior to the aortic bifurcation, the left common iliac vein, medial sacral vessels, fifth lumbar vertebral body and sacral promontory and between the common iliac arteries.
	www.somasimple.com /forums/showthread.php?p=27080 (7504 words)

	superior cervical ganglia (anatomy) - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		On each side of the neck, the superior cervical ganglion is an extension of the cervical sympathetic chain.
		The skull base lies superiorly and it is continuous with the middle cervical ganglion inferiorly.
		The superior cervical ganglia only receives preganglionic efferent fibres from the thoracic part of the sympathetic trunk.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/2134179900.htm (210 words)

	carotidynia-fay
		During operation on the sphenopalatine ganglion, the upper branch of the seventh nerve was sectioned (transzygomatic approach).
		A case of a patient operated on this week seems definitely to establish the fact that the superior cervical ganglion acts as a higher relay arc station in the transmitting of this pain to the face.
		That the superior cervical ganglion does play an important role in their transmission (cutting the fibers above the ganglion does not relieve the pain) is due either to pathologic change below or to involvement of the ganglion itself (two ganglions now being studied).
	www.baillement.com /dossier/carotidynia_fay.html (1179 words)

	Root of the Neck; Cervical Viscera
		auricular br., pharyngeal br., superior laryngeal, superior and inferior cervical cardiac brs., recurrent laryngeal n., thoracic cardiac brs., brs.
		infrahyoid br., sternocleidomastoid br., superior laryngeal a., cricothyroid br., glandular brs.
		superior and inferior subdivisions of deep cervical nodes are delineated by the crossing of the omohyoid m.
	anatomy.uams.edu /AnatomyHTML/parotidandneck.html (2360 words)

	Treatment of vascular and tension headache atypical facial pain allergic rhinitis and cervical muscle hyperactivity - ...
		Cervical muscle hyperactivity (spasm), is an extremely common condition with many causes, including tension, response to an inflamed or subluxed joint, arthritic changes, poor posture or work habits, trauma, systemic disease and adjacent pathology.
		The relation between the condition of cervical muscle spasm and the previously described headaches and facial pain can be demonstrated by the fact that the headache and facial pain patients do not respond as well to treatment in the presence of significant cervical muscle spasm.
		In the majority of patients with cervical symptoms and tenderness, a significant relaxation of symptoms, decreased cervical tenderness, and increased cervical range of motion during cold application was noted.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5693077.html (3892 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		ner´vi clu´nium superio´res [TA] superior cluneal nerves: general sensory nerve branches of the dorsal rami of the upper lumbar nerves, innervating the skin of the upper part of the buttocks; called also rami gluteales superiores, rami clunium superiores, and superior gluteal nerves.
		Origin, trigeminal ganglion; branches, meningeal ramus, masseteric, deep temporal, lateral and medial pterygoid, buccal, auriculotemporal, lingual, and inferior alveolar nerves; distribution, extensive distribution to muscles of mastication, skin of face, mucous membrane of mouth, and teeth; see individual branches, in this table and under ramus; modality, general sensory and motor.
		Origin, trigeminal ganglion; branches, meningeal ramus, zygomatic nerve, posterior superior alveolar rami, infraorbital nerve, pterygopalatine nerves, and, indirectly, the branches of the pterygopalatine ganglion; distribution, extensive distribution to skin of face and scalp, mucous membrane of maxillary sinus and nasal cavity, and teeth—see individual branches, in this table and under ramus; modality, general sensory.
	www.mercksource.com /ppdocs/us/common/dorlands/dorland/dmd_n_05.htm (5340 words)

	PHYSIOLOGY OF THE PINEAL GLAND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The intermediolateral axons are the presynaptic input to superior cervical ganglion cells, whose efferents travel initially with other sympathetic fibers along the carotid artery; ultimately, however, they form distinct fiber tracts, the bilateral nervi conarii, which synapse on pineal cells.
		The superior cervical ganglion is the source of the postganglionic output to the pineal.
		The neuroendocrine effects of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) can be demonstrated by ablation of the ganglion, which results in changes in prolactin release, changes in drinking behaviour, disruption of photoperiod reproductive control, and changes in thyroid and oxytocin activity.
	www.cnsclinicjordan.com /pinealomasphysiology.htm (12226 words)

	Victor May
		The principal neurons of the superior cervical ganglion (SCG) are a unique model system used extensively to examine the regulation of neuronal transmitter and peptide expression.
		SCG neurons also exhibit neurochemical plasticity, and under specific conditions, change from a noradrenergic to dopaminergic, adrenergic, or cholinergic phenotype with coordinate changes in neuropeptide expression.
		In SCG neurons, these receptors are coupled to the activation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways; we are currently characterizing the mechanisms by which PACAP activation of these second messenger pathways regulates sympathetic neuron development, function, neurophenotypic plasticity.
	www.uvm.edu /~annb/faculty/may (458 words)

	Peripheral nervous system (Anatomy 350A at UWO)
		In the cervical and upper thoracic spine there is little discrepancy between the spinal segments and the vertebrae.
		The ganglia of the sympathetic system are the chains of paravertebral ganglia that lie on the lateral aspects of the bodies of the vertebrae, and also the preaortic or collateral ganglia associated with the branches of the aorta that supply abdominal organs.
		Postganglionic fibers from the large superior cervical ganglion (C1-C4) accompany the carotid artery and its branches.
	publish.uwo.ca /~jkiernan/pns350.htm (2251 words)

	Electrophysiological and Morphological Diversity of Mouse Sympathetic Neurons -- Jobling and Gibbins 82 (5): 2747 -- ...
		neurons in the superior cervical, thoracic, and celiac ganglia
		C and D: stimulation of the superior cervical trunk (indicated by dot) evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), which were suprathreshold for the generation of an action potential in neurons with AHPs alone (Ca) and neurons with ADPs (Da).
		100% of neurons from the SCG and thoracic ganglia.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/82/5/2747 (8002 words)

	The Autonomic Nervous System
		There are usually 21 or 22 pairs of these ganglia: 3 in the cervical region, 10 to 11 in the thoracic region, 4 in the lumbar region, 4 in the sacral region, and a single, unpaired ganglion lying in front of the coccyx called the ganglion impar.
		The three cervical sympathetic ganglia are the superior cervical ganglion, the middle cervical ganglion, and the cervicothoracic ganglion (also called the stellate ganglion).
		The superior ganglion innervates viscera of the head; the middle and stellate ganglia innervate viscera of the neck, thorax (i.e., the bronchi and heart), and upper limb.
	www.becomehealthynow.com /article/bodynervousadvanced/822 (1644 words)

	The Autonomic Nervous System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		preganglionic neuron and a postganglionic neuron that synapse at a ganglion.
		The superior cervical ganglion is the most superior ganglion of the body at which the preganglionic fibers can synapse on postganglionic fibers and make their way to their target organs.
		Preganglionic fibers from the superior salivatory nucleus of cranial nerve VII (facial) synapse on postganglionic fibers of the submandibular ganglion, which go on to innervate the submandibular and sublingual glands.
	www.georgetown.edu /users/rgk8/neuronr11.htm (1968 words)

	Palmer College of Chiropractic, News, Childhood Earaches and Chiropractic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Sympathetic elements, especially vasomotor, that may be impaired, include the reticular formation, especially in the upper cervical region, the lateral horn cells (intermedio lateral neurons) of cord levels T1-2, the ganglionic neurons of the superior cervical ganglion, and their fiber pathways.
		Many postganglionic elements from the superior cervical ganglion are carried by the plexus about the internal carotid artery.
		Children born with the aid of forceps and/or vacuum extraction often experience contusions on the scalp and facial bones, and alteration of the normal cranial juxtaposition may be involved.
	www.palmer.edu /News/9_17_03/OttisMedia.htm (1725 words)

	Oculomotor Nerve (Cr N III) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Fibers from the superior colliculus (via intercalated neurons) placing eye movements under control of the optic reflex centers in the colliculus and under control of eye movement centers in the cerebrum that project to the colliculus.
		• Retinal ganglion cell axons course via the optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, and brachium of the superior colliculus (bypassing the lateral geniculate body) to terminate in the pretectum.
		• Lesions below the superior cervical ganglion may not affect sweating at all, as the main outflow to the facial blood vessels and sweat glands is below the superior-cervical ganglion.
	www.ucsf.edu /nreview/02.2-Anatomy-CranialNerves/CN03-oculomotor.html (1470 words)

	Question (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		ganglion, intermediolateral nucleus of the upper thoracal spinal cord, hypothalamic paraventricular
		>cervical ganglion, intermediolateral nucleus of the upper thoracal spinal cord, hypothalamic
		> superior cervical ganglion, intermediolateral nucleus of the upper thoracal spinal cord,
	www.cyclingforums.com /t85962.html (3989 words)

	Lateral Pharyngeal and Prevertebral Regions
		This is a cross section taken through the 3rd cervical vertebra (15).
		The background for the prevertebral region is the cervical vertebral column.
		The cervical part of the sympathetic chain is found running along the prevertebral region and consist of the:
	mywebpages.comcast.net /wnor/lesson7.htm (592 words)

	SBP - Cat Nictitating Membrane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		An interactive, menu driven program which simulates experiments on the superior cervical ganglion-nictitating membrane preparation of the cat (in vivo) to teach the pharmacology of ganglionic transmission and sympathetically innervated smooth muscle.
		Tutorial: presents diagrammatic representations of the effector junction and the superior cervical ganglion.
		Methods: describes the preparation, protocols for nerve stimulation and administration of drugs to the superior cervical ganglion and the nictitating membrane, and the method of recording contractions of the nictitating membrane.
	members.aol.com /Sheffbp/products/catnict.htm (345 words)

	cervical ganglia
		Vesicular and ganglionic norepinephrine in the rat: progressive increase with age.
		The receptor-mediated activation of tyrosine hydroxylation in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat.
		The effect of age on dendrites in the rat superior cervical ganglion.
	www.arclab.org /node_pages/415.html (323 words)

	Early American Manual Therapy
		This ganglion has communication with a greater number of nerves and organs than any other; is in direct communication with three cranial and four cervical nerves, indirectly with four more cranial nerves, and enters, by its branches into the formation of a large number of plexuses.
		Through this ganglion it is that much Osteopathic work is done, and the purpose of this brief paper is to point out some of the many effects which may be produced by its stimulation or inhibition.
		Anatomically we know that the superior cervical ganglion is situated in relation to the transverse processes of the upper three cervical vertebrae.
	www.meridianinstitute.com /eamt/files/still2/st2ch20.html (734 words)

	UH head and neck
		[The transverse cervical nerve is 1 of 4 sensory branches of the cervical nerve plexus.
		Each of the first four cervical nerves is joined by a postganglionic communicating ramus from the superior cervical ganglion, hence, in addition to sensory and motor fibers, each nerve consists also of postganglionic sympathetic fibers.
		This lump is the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic trunk.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~rosenhei/head.html (11980 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The syndrome of "burning mouth" and stomatodynia are the parts of atypical orofacial pain complex.This is essentially an intraoral neuropathic pain symptom with burning sensation in the tongue or other oral sites, usually in the absence of clinical and laboratory findings.
		We have evaluated the efficacy of the blockade of superior cervical sympathetic ganglion in the group of 15 patients.
		Superior cervical ganglion block with LA/opioid mixture may be beneficial in the part of the patients suffered with stomatodynia and "burning mouth" syndrome.
	www.asra.com /Abstracts/Archives/Spring_2004/A43.final.html (369 words)

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