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Topic: Superior colliculi

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	superior colliculi (superior colliculus)
		Synaptogenesis in the stratum griseum superficiale of the rat superior colliculus.
		Effects of aging on neurons and glial cells from the superficial layers of the superior colliculus in rats.
		Covariant maturation of nocifensive oral behaviour and c-fos expression in rat superior colliculus.
	www.arclab.org /node_pages/94.html (797 words)

	Neurological Exam: Midbrain: Anatomy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Above the central canal, the tectum is composed of inferior and superior colliculi; below are the paired cerebral peduncles composed of the tegmentum (continuous with the tegmentum of the pons), substantia nigra, and crus cerebri.
		The superior cerebellar peduncle enters the caudal midbrain; its fibers decussate in the tegmentum, pass rostrally around the red nucleus, and terminate in the diencephalon.
		Associated with the superior colliculus level is the oculomotor nerve, serving the a) inferior oblique, medial, superior, and inferior rectus muscles and b) the parasympathetic fibers to the iris and ciliary muscles.
	isc.temple.edu /neuroanatomy/lab/lesions/24.htm (367 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 805
		From the inferior end of the longitudinal sulcus, a white band, termed the frenulum veli, is prolonged downward to the anterior medullary velum; on either side of this band the trochlear nerve emerges, and passes forward on the lateral aspect of the cerebral peduncle to reach the base of the brain.
		The superior colliculi are larger and darker in color than the inferior, and are oval in shape.
		The superior colliculi are associated with the sense of sight, the inferior with that of hearing.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page805.html (640 words)

	Midbrain Encyclopedia Article @ Sorely.net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In biological anatomy, the mesencephalon (or midbrain) is the middle of three vesicles that arise from the neural tube that forms the brain of developing animals.
		The midbrain is usually sectioned at the level of the superior and inferior colliculi.
		A cross-section through the superior colliculus shows the red nucleus, the nuclei of the oculomotor nerve (and associated Edinger-Westphal nucleus), as well as the substantia nigra.
	www.sorely.net /encyclopedia/Midbrain (728 words)

	Medical Neurosciences
		NUCLEUS (C.N. The superior colliculi form the rostral two bumps (one on each side) on the dorsal aspect of the midbrain.
		The caudal two bumps are the inferior colliculi and together they (inferior and superior colliculi) comprise the TECTUM or roof of the midbrain.
		This is usually caused by a tumor of the pineal gland that compresses the superior colliculi and results in a paralysis of UPWARD gaze.
	www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu /virtualbrain/BrainStem/23Colliculus.html (527 words)

	Ophthalm-AUS - Oben's Ophthalmology Site
		Superior colliculi constitute an important pair of midbrain structures involved in the integration of visual, auditory & somatosensory systems.
		Superior colliculi are a pair of rounded elevations at the dorsal aspect of midbrain which together with the inferior colliculi constitute the tectum or corpora quadrigemina.
		Both colliculi are interconnected by commissure of the superior colliculi or posterior commissure.
	home.iprimus.com.au /oben/supcol.htm (353 words)

	Is there a morphine store in the brain of the camel?
		It is known that the superior colliculus is concerned with visual reflexes and head, neck and eye movements, of obvious importance to this animal with large eyes, head and neck, and apparent good vision.
		The superior colliculi are related to visual reflexes, whereas the inferior colliculi form part of the auditory pathway.
		The superior colliculus is composed of layers of alternating grey matter (largely composed of neuronal cell bodies) and white matter (containing mainly nerve fibres) (Figure 6).
	www.enhg.org /resources/articles/morphine/laurence.htm (1278 words)

	Viewpoint On The Brain Disorder In Autism
		Wernicke (1881) referred to the pathology caused by alcohol abuse as hemorrhagic poliencephalitis superior, and he compared the appearance of the lesions to those of the spinal cord and lower brainstem in infantile poliomyelitis.
		The superior and inferior colliculi form the midbrain tectum and are in proximity to the posterior fossa structures that appear damaged in MRI scans of individuals with autism.
		She also proposed that damage to the inferior or superior colliculi might underlie auditory or visual impairments that lead to mental retardation, and that psychological stress caused by these defects could lead to the disorder defined by Kanner (1943).
	www.conradsimon.org /AutismText.shtml (4164 words)

	[No title]
		The more posterior portion of the midbrain consists of the superior (visual) and inferior (auditory) collicululi which are directly related to the thalamus, and the red nucleus which receives motor fibers from the cerebellum and frontal and parietal lobe.
		Given that reptiles, amphibians, and fish are devoid of higher cortical centers, it thus appears that the colliculi evolved so as to detect the presence of prey (or predators) and to guide orienting reactions and thus movement related to escape or food procurement.
		These are the superior olivary complex, the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, and, as noted, the inferior colliculi.
	brainmind.com /Midbrain.html (4253 words)

	11-01: Anatomy & Physiology
		Neurons conducting impulses from the structures of the Inner Ear to the Brain, all synapse in the Inferior Colliculi.
		Fibers from the Superior Colliculi project to Cranial Nerve Nuclei and to the Superior Cervical portion of the Spinal Cord where, they stimulate Motor Neurons involved in turning the Eyes (Oculomotor, Trochlear, and Abducens Cranial Nerves) and the Head (the Accessory Cranial Nerve and Superior Cervical Cord Levels).
		Impulses reaching the Superior Colliculi from the Cerebrum are involved in the Visual tracking of moving objects.
	www.geocities.com /thjuland/11-01.html (1479 words)

	[No title]
		Mesencephalon--the embryonic midbrain; the part associated with the second cephalic dilataion of the neural tube; it includes the cerebral peduncles, porpora quadrigemina (superior and inferior colliculi) and cerebral aqueduct.
		The vermis of the cerebellum is a midline ridge.
		The flocculus is viewable on the inferior surface.
	www.med.unc.edu /~kimplera/classes/anatomy/hn6.doc (870 words)

	v414lab11.html
		Those dark dots are trochlear fibers in the anterior (or superior) medullary velum descending towards their decussation; after decussating, the trochlear fibers loop into the anterior medullary velum, execute their cross to the side opposite their origin and then come out onto the surface.
		(superior) cerebellar peduncle in the tegmentum (aka, the brachium conjunctivum); the cerebellum is served by three pairs of peduncles (big tract formations): inferior, middle and the superior, tagged here.
		The superior cerebellar peduncle carries the cerebellum's output to the thalamus and from there to the output parts of the cerebral cortex.
	www.indiana.edu /~pietsch/v414lab11.html (5840 words)

	Superior Colliculi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Each superior colliculus contains a layer of cells receiving information from the retinas of the eyes and this information is distributed across the visual layers of the colliculus so that it forms a map of visual space around the animal.
		Another layer of the superior colliculus beneath the visual layer contains a somatic map representing the body surface and receiving information from the skin receptors.
		So, the superior colliculus is a miniature biological computer that works out the locations of visual, auditory and somatic stimuli and then computes the movements of head and eyes needed to view these stimuli (Middlebrooks and Knudsen, 1984).
	core.ecu.edu /psyc/grahamr/DW_3311Site/LectureF/Lecture2.1.2/SupCol_note.html (378 words)

	v414optic08.html
		Those dark dots are trochlear fibers in the anterior (superior) medullary velum descending toward their decussation; after decussating, they loop into the anterior medullary velum to execute their cross to the side opposite their origin.
		This a section of the midbrain (mesencephalon) at the level of the, inferior colliculi, and denotes the tectum or the tegmentum.
		The superior cerebellar peduncle carries the cerebellum's output to the thalamus and from there to the output part of the cerebral cortex (in the posterior part of the front lobe).
	www.indiana.edu /~pietsch/v414optic08.html (2528 words)

	4-14: Transverse section through upper midbrain at the level of the superior (cranial) colliculi (Weigert stained) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The superior colliculi are a pair of ovoid masses composed of alternating layers of gray and white matter.
		The large nucleus of the medial geniculate body is lodged between the superior colliculus and the basis pedunculi, and receives the fibers of the brachium of the inferior colliculus.
		The motor nucleus of the oculomotor nerve is located in the ventral part of the central gray substance, and the fibers of the medial longitudinal fasciculus form a fringe on its ventrolateral side.
	www.tripdatabase.com /spider.html?itemid=230536 (357 words)

	Ans : brainstem 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		SC, IC : Superior and inferior colliculi forming the tectum of the midbrain.
		In the upper corners the medial and lateral geniculate bodies (nuclei) are visible.
		It is difficult to appreciate the continuity between the inferior peduncles and the medulla.
	www.lab.anhb.uwa.edu.au /hb207/NSPict/007zAns.htm (137 words)

	Neuroananatomy_Exam_II
		The axons from the superior cerebellar peduncle cross at the level of the superior
		The spiral ligament is connected to the basilar membrane in the organ of Corti.
		The pretectal area of the brain stem is caudal to the superior colliculi.
	www.mc.edu /~sbaldwin/Neuroanatomy_Exam_II.html (1428 words)

	Cecil Textbook of Medicine : />
		Patients with superior oblique weakness note an increase in diplopia with head tilt toward the side of weakness and often tilt the head in the opposite direction.
		With a fully developed INO on lateral gaze away from the side of the lesion, the contralateral eye abducts and shows nystagmus, whereas the ipsilateral adducting eye does not move nasally because of failure of ascending impulses to reach the medial rectus division of the third nerve nucleus.
		Lesions involving the horizontal gaze center in the pons produce an ipsilateral paralysis of conjugate gaze and tonic deviation of the eyes to the contralateral side.
	www.merckmedicus.com /ppdocs/us/common/cecils/chapters/466_012.htm (739 words)

	Superior colliculus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Eliana Klier, Hongying Wang and Douglas Crawford 'Three-Dimensional Eye-Head Coordination Is Implemented Downstream From the Superior Colliculus ', Journal of Neurophysiology v89 (2003) 2839-2853
		David Sparks 'Conceptual issues related to the role of the superior colliculus in the control of gaze', Current Opinion in Neurobiology v6 9 (1999) 698-707
		Doreen Valentine and Cynthia F. Moss 'Spatially selective auditory responses in the superior colliculus of the echolocating bat', Journal of Neuroscience v17 5 (1997) 1720-1733
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Superior_colliculus (513 words)

	The Inferior Colliculus
		Processing of acoustic stimuli in the inferior colliculus plays a key role in representation of space, and this involves moment to moment damping of some signals to enhance focus on sounds of greater importance.
		They commented that these behavior changes were reminiscent of autistic children, and compared their findings with those of Klver and Bucy (1939) who obtained similar behavioral deficits after removing the temporal lobes of monkeys.
		Denny-Brown may have also removed portions of the inferior colliculi, or their connections with the superior colliculi in his experiments.
	www.conradsimon.org /InferiorColliculus.shtml (2620 words)

	Midbrain
		Dopamine produced in the subtantia nigra plays a role in motivation and habituation of species from humans to the most elementary animals such as insects.
		On the posterior (back) surface, there are structures called the superior colliculus and the inferior colliculus.
		The superior colliculus is involved with the pupil's response to light, the inferior is a synapsing point for sound information.
	www.mrsci.com /Central-Nervous-System/Midbrain.php (879 words)

	Commissural Excitation and Inhibition by the Superior Colliculus in Tectoreticular Neurons Projecting to Omnipause ...
		Commissural Excitation and Inhibition by the Superior Colliculus in Tectoreticular Neurons Projecting to Omnipause Neuron and Inhibitory Burst Neuron Regions -- Takahashi et al.
		Articles by Takahashi, M. Articles by Shinoda, Y. Commissural Excitation and Inhibition by the Superior Colliculus in Tectoreticular Neurons Projecting to Omnipause Neuron and Inhibitory Burst Neuron Regions
		connections between the two superior colliculi are mainly inhibitory
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/94/3/1707 (383 words)

	The Human Brain... please wait... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The tectum is located in the dorsal region of the mesencephalon, and contains two very important sensory relays, known as the colliculi:
		The tegmentum is located in the ventral region of the mesencephalon, and contains several important systems:
		The substantia nigra is an essential sensorimotor system involved in the regulation of movement, especially in relation to the initiation and smoothness of motion.
	songweaver.com /brain/mesencephalon.html (94 words)

	Inferior colliculus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Transverse section of mid-brain at level of inferior colliculi.
		It has been shown that great majority of auditory fibers ascending in the lateral leminiscus terminate in the CNIC.
		In addition, inferior colliculus receives descending inputs from the auditory cortex, medial geniculate body (MGB), superior colliculus (SC) in response.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Inferior_colliculus (807 words)

	Axonal transport of the mitochondria-specific lipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, in the rat visual system -- Blaker et al. ...
		difference between the arrival of label in the optic tract and superior
		preferentially to the nerve endings (superior colliculus and lateral
		Total phospholipid quickly established a pattern of comparable
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/abstract/89/3/579 (283 words)

	Table of contents for Library of Congress control number 98020351
		Coronal Section Through Commissure of Superior Colliculi with MRI.
		Sagittal Section Through Superior, Middle, and Inferior Temporal Gyri with Vessel Territories.
		Transverse Section Through Superior Colliculus with Vessel Territories.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/wiley031/98020351.html (580 words)

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