| | Surface Anatomy, Vertebral Column and Musculature |
 | | Primary distinguishing characteristic: massive bodies lacking costal facets; vertebral foramina vary from oval to triangular; bodies are kidney-shaped; spinous processes are oblong and stubby |
 | | superior articular facets of the atlas are cancave and kidney-shaped to receive the occipital condyles of the skull |
 | | Distinguishing feature is the dens (odontoid process), a tooth-like structure that projects superiorly from the body to articulate with the anterior arch of the atlas |
| medic.med.uth.tmc.edu /Lecture/Main/back-surf.htm (1261 words) |