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Topic: Superior laryngeal nerve

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	Cranial Nerves
		The nerve descends in the neck adjacent to the pharynx and splits to form the internal and external laryngeal nerves.
		The external laryngeal nerve supplies the inferior constrictor muscle before piercing it to supply the cricothyroid muscle which is involved in the controlling the movements of the vocal folds.
		The internal laryngeal nerve pierces the thyrohyoid membrane and is a sensory nerve of the larynx.
	info.med.yale.edu /caim/cnerves/cn10/cn10_8.html (79 words)

	Nerve - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The optic nerve passes through the optic foramen in the skull into the orbit, where it is penetrated by the central artery of the retina, and eventually pierces the scelerotic just internal to the posterior pole of the eyeball.
		Between the two ganglia the accessory part of the eleventh nerve joins the tenth, and it is from this communication that the motor twigs to the pharynx, larynx, alimentary and respiratory tracts are derived, as well as the inhibitory fibres of the heart.
		The anterior tibial nerve is chiefly muscular, innervating the muscles in front of the tibia and fibula as well as the extensor brevis digitorum pedis on the dorsum of the foot, though it gives one small cutaneous branch to the cleft between the first and second toes.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /N/NE/NERVE.htm (5117 words)

	Vagus Nerve (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The vagus nerve is the longest of the cranial nerve.
		The superior laryngeal nerve branches distal to the pharyngeal branch and descends lateral to the pharynx.
		The viscerosensory component of the vagus are derived from nerves that have receptors in the abdominal viscera, esophagus, heart and aortic arch, lungs, bronchia and trachea.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/meded/grossanatomy/h_n/cn/cn1/cn10.htm (703 words)

	Superior laryngeal nerve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Superior Laryngeal Nerve arises from the middle of the ganglion nodosum and in its course receives a branch from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic.
		The internal branch (ramus internus) descends to the hyothyroid membrane, pierces it in company with the superior laryngeal artery, and is distributed to the mucous membrane of the larynx.
		superior laryngeal, recurrent laryngeal) - in the thorax (pulmonary branches, esophageal plexus) - in the abdomen (gastric plexuses, celiac plexus, gastric plexus)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Superior_laryngeal_nerve (537 words)

	carotidynia
		A diagnosis of superior laryngeal neuralgia was suggested by several characteristic features: (1) pain along the anterior cervical triangle, with extension to the ipsilateral ear and eye, (2) hoarseness, and (3) paralysis of the ipsilateral cricothyroid muscle on laryngoscopy.
		Since the superior laryngeal nerve is the neural structure most contiguous to the bifurcation of the carotid artery, the superior laryngeal nerve may have become entrapped in a fibrotic process that developed after carotid endarterectomy.
		The superior laryngeal neuralgia was inferred by a trigger spot above and lateral to the thyroid cartilege, the radiation of pain, and the response to blocks or resection of the superior laryngeal nerve.
	www.baillement.com /dossier/carotidynia-oneill.html (1831 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 552 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Medial to it are the hyoid bone, the wall of the pharynx, the superior laryngeal nerve, and a portion of the parotid gland.
		Posterior to it, near its origin, is the superior laryngeal nerve; and higher up, it is separated from the internal carotid by the Styloglossus and Stylopharyngeus, the glossopharyngeal nerve, the pharyngeal branch of the vagus, and part of the parotid gland.
		The branches to the gland are generally two in number; one, the larger, supplies principally the anterior surface; on the isthmus of the gland it anastomoses with the corresponding artery of the opposite side: a second branch descends on the posterior surface of the gland and anastomoses with the inferior thyroid artery.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page552.html (499 words)

	Parasympathetic innervation of canine tracheal smooth muscle -- Valic et al. 90 (1): 23 -- Journal of Applied Physiology
		to the canine trachea arise from the superior laryngeal, recurrent
		Note that the recurrent laryngeal and pararecurrent nerves have separate origins from the vagal trunk and that there are numerous small branches sprouting from the pararecurrent but not the recurrent, laryngeal nerve.
		nerve indicate that this is the pathway for parasympathetic nerves
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/90/1/23 (2881 words)

	Vocal Cord Paralysis
		The nucleus ambiguus is the motor nucleus of the vagus nerve.
		The cricothyroid muscle is considered to be an extrinsic muscle of the larynx because it is innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.
		Laryngeal framework surgery was first introduced by Payr in 1915 with the development of a thyroid cartilage flap.
	www.otohns.net /default.asp?id=15324 (3727 words)

	eMedicine - Complications of Thyroid Surgery : Article by Pramod K Sharma, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) innervates all of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx with the exception of the cricothyroid muscle, which is innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN).
		Thyroid tissue in the region of the ligament of Berry is meticulously dissected of the trachea, carefully ligating traversing vessels; this exposes the RLN as it enters the larynx.
		Twenty-two percent of the superior parathyroid glands were on the posterior surface of the upper lobe of the thyroid.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic649.htm (6870 words)

	Recurrent laryngeal nerve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The nerve splits into anterior and posterior rami before supplying muscles in the voice box — it supplies all laryngeal muscles except for the cricothyroid, which is innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.
		Nerve damage can be assessed by laryngoscopy, during which a stroboscopic light confirms the absence of movement in the affected side of the vocal cords.
		recurrent laryngeal) - in the thorax (pulmonary branches, esophageal plexus) - in the abdomen (gastric plexuses, celiac plexus, gastric plexus)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve (554 words)

	Facial Neuralgia Resources: Vegal and Superior Laryngeal Neuralgia
		It is thought that compression of the upper fibers of the vagal nerve as they leave the brain stem and traverse the subarachnoid space to the jugular foramen is the cause of vagal neuralgia.
		Vagus nerve neuralgia is characterized by paroxysms of shock-like pain in the side of the throid cartilage, pyriform sinus, angle of the jaw, and, rarely, in the ear.
		Laryngeal topical anesthesia or blockade of the superior laryngeal nerve stops the pain and is useful diagnostic and prognostic procedure.
	facial-neuralgia.org /conditions/tn-vagn.html (352 words)

	GI Motility online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Figure 4 : Effect of transection of various motor nerves on the motor responses of the UES closing muscles during swallowing.
		Figure 11 : The increasing pattern of adductor responses (upper) and integrated responses (lower) by 8-Hz stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) (0.6 V, 0.1 msec) under conditions of (a) pCO2 60 mmHg; (b) pCO2 40 mmHg; and (c) pCO2 25 mmHg.
		Laryngeal and pharyngeal complications of gastroesophageal reflux disease
	origin.www.nature.com /gimo/figures/index.html (5836 words)

	Evaluation of the Hoarse Patient
		The afferent fibers of the nucleus of the tract of solitarius carry sensory fibers from the pharynx, larynx, and esophagus.
		The most superficial layer is the epithelium which is pseudostratified squamous on the superior and inferior surfaces of the cords and nonkeratinized stratified squamous on the contact surface of the cords.
		Laryngeal erythema may be noted, and is often diffuse in generalized inflammatory disorders such as GERD and laryngitis.
	www.otohns.net /default.asp?id=14057 (4617 words)

	Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Page 912
		recurrens; inferior or recurrent laryngeal nerve) arises, on the right side, in front of the subclavian artery; winds from before backward around that vessel, and ascends obliquely to the side of the trachea behind the common carotid artery, and either in front of or behind the inferior thyroid artery.
		The nerve on either side ascends in the groove between the trachea and esophagus, passes under the lower border of the Constrictor pharyngis inferior, and enters the larynx behind the articulation of the inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage with the cricoid; it is distributed to all the muscles of the larynx, excepting the Cricothyreoideus.
		It communicates with the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, and gives off a few filaments to the mucous membrane of the lower part of the larynx.
	www.bartleby.com /107/pages/page912.html (714 words)

	Newswise
		Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, which powers the vocal cords, may occur without symptoms, leading some thyroid surgeons to examine the vocal folds preoperatively, and to perform fiberoptic laryngoscopy as part of postoperative follow-up.
		Vocal fold imaging was conducted with laryngeal videostroboscopy, real-time direct assessment of the symmetry of vocal fold abduction and vibration, the amplitude and regularity of vocal fold movement, traveling (mucosal) wave characteristics, as well as glottic closure and configuration.
		The superior thyroid vessels were ligated individually on the thyroid capsule in an effort to avoid injury to the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (EBSLN).
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/29532 (1176 words)

	Laryngeal nerve identification during thyroid surgery - feasibility of a novel approach: [L'identification du nerf ...
		Laryngeal nerve identification during thyroid surgery - feasibility of a novel approach: [L'identification du nerf larynge pendant l'operation de la thyroide - la faisabilite d'une nouvelle approche] -- Hillermann et al.
		Use of the laryngeal mask airway in thyroid and parathyroid surgery as an aid to the identification and preservation of the recurrent laryngeal nerves.
		Laryngeal mask airway for preservation of the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery
	www.cja-jca.org /cgi/content/full/50/2/189 (1641 words)

	Swallowing reflex and brain stem neurons activated by superior laryngeal nerve stimulation in the mouse -- Sang and ...
		SLN stimulation at 10 Hz for 9 s elicited 2 episodes of propulsive contractions of the esophageal body and relaxation of the LES followed by an aftercontraction at 10-Hz stimulation.
		Bellingham, MC, and Lipski J. Morphology and electrophysiology of superior laryngeal nerve afferents and postsynaptic neurons in the medulla oblongata of the cat.
		Laryngeal afferent inputs to the nucleus of the solitary tract.
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/280/2/G191 (5021 words)

	Legend (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The nerve branches from the Ph-IX (large red arrow) and the lingual division of the IX nerve (L-IX) (small red arrows) connect with the internal superior laryngeal nerve (ISLN).
		Double arrow heads indicate the nerve branches derived from the epiglottic branch of the lingual division of the IX nerve (L-IX).
		There are two connecting nerves between the lingual branch of the IX nerve (red arrows) and the superior division of the ISLN.
	www.upperairway.com /LEGEND.htm (2383 words)

	Voiceproblem.org: Vocal Fold Paresis/Paralysis: Understanding the Disorder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Superior laryngeal nerve (SLN): Carries signals to the voice box muscle that is between the cricoid and thyroid cartilages of the voice box, hence the name, cricothyroid muscle.
		The recurrent laryngeal nerve or RLN is called such because its path "recurs," i.e., goes into the chest cavity and curves back into the neck until it reaches the larynx.
		Consistent with its longer course and corresponding higher risk for injury, the recurrent laryngeal nerve is involved in majority of cases of vocal fold paresis or paralysis.
	www.voiceproblem.org /disorders/paresis/understanding.asp (1119 words)

	cranial nerves
		A cranial nerve can be made up of a mixture of functions which are called modalities or may be made up of a single modality.
		These are icons of cranial nerves, their branches, what they supply and what foramina they use.
		You sort of have to memorize which nerves have motor or sensory or both modalities, then consider what part of the head and neck is involved with each nerve.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /wnor/cranialnerves.htm (765 words)

	Modulation of Laryngeal Responses to Superior Laryngeal Nerve Stimulation by Volitional Swallowing in Awake Humans -- ...
		The time of presentation of stimulation to the superior laryngeal nerve relative to swallow onset and offset determined the phase when the laryngeal responses were elicited relative to swallowing.
		Percent frequency of occurrence of laryngeal adductor responses to electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve presented at different times relative to the occurrence of swallowing: before swallow onset (phase A); during the swallow (phase B); during the 1st 3 s postswallow (phase C); and 3-5 s postswallow (phase D).
		Sessle, B. and Storey, A. Periodontal and facial influences on the laryngeal input to the brain stem of the cat.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/83/3/1264 (6314 words)

	[No title]
		The superior laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve which provides sensation to the mucosa lining the larynx and provides motor innervation to the cricothyroideus muscle which tenses the vocal cord muscle.
		The recurrent laryngeal nerve is also a branch of the vagus nerve and supplies most of the motor innervation of the larynx.
		Other causes of recurrent laryngeal n paralysis include tumors of the brain, tumors of the skull base where the vagus nerve exits into the neck, tumors of the throat or neck, or tumors in the chest.
	www.ofcn.org /cyber.serv/hwp/hwc/ent/news/ent011.html (908 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		For instance, the cricothyroid muscle, which happens to be the only intrinsic muscle on the external surface of the larynx, is innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve.
		The remainder of the superior laryngeal nerve is sensory and parasympathetic to interior of the larynx to the ventricle and above.
		This results in a lack of overall tenseness along the vocal ligament and consequently the patient typically complains of 'tiredness' and 'hoarseness.' The second common complication is destruction of the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
	www.utmed.com /studynotes/gross/II-LARYNX.doc (1169 words)

	ICP monitors
		Runs across the sidewall of pharynx behind internal carotid artery and divides into internal laryngeal nerve (pierces the thyrohyoid membrane to reach the piriform fossa), and a small external laryngeal nerve which runs close to the superior thyroid vessels and passes down outside the larynx to supply the cricothyroid and cricopharyngeus muscles.
		Two left sided branches: the upper nerve passes alongside the trachea to the deep cardiac plexus, the lower nerve crosses the arch of the aorta to the superficial cardiac plexus.
		The vagal fibers are distributed along the celiac artery (liver, gall-bladder, pancreas), along the superior mesenteric artery (small gut and large gut as far as the splenic flexure), and the renal arteries to the kidneys.
	www.ucsf.edu /nreview/02.2-Anatomy-CranialNerves/CN10-vagus.html (1066 words)

	Anatomy and Examination of the Larynx (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The superior largngeal nerve supplies sensation to the epiglottis and false vocal cords, as well as, motor function to the cricthyroid muscle (which serves to tense the vocal cord).
		An important anatomic consideration is the location of the left and right branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve; after leaving the vagus the right RLN loops around the subclavian artery, while the left RLN loops aroung the arch of the aorta.
		A lesion anywhere along the course of the nerve may result in paralysis of the cords, so that diseases of the brain stem, neck and mediastinum must be included in the evaluation of dysphonia due to vocal cord paralysis.
	www.pitt.edu /~crosen/voice/anatomy.html (424 words)

	Superior laryngeal nerve section alters responses to upper airway distortion in sleeping dogs -- Curran et al. 83 (3): ...
		Superior laryngeal nerve section alters responses to upper airway distortion in sleeping dogs
		The effect of SLN section on the pressure at which UA collapse occurred is shown in Fig.
		Afferent nerve fibers in the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in the cat.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/83/3/768 (4575 words)

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