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	PLANET - LoveToKnow Article on PLANET (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		At superior conjunction the illuminated hemisphere of the planet is presented to the earth so that it presents the form of a full moon.
		The positions of the planets at ten-day intervals; their actual position on the 1st of January 1910 at noon, of their nodes and nearer apses, and the points when they are farthest distant north and south of the ecliptic, are also given.
		The greater the distance of a planet from the sun the less is the speed with which it moves in its orbit.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PL/PLANET.htm (3857 words)

	Astronomy Answers: Planetary Phenomena
		A superior planet is in opposition to the Sun if the difference between the geocentric ecliptical longitude of the planet and of the Sun is closest to 180 degrees, so it is less just before and just after that moment.
		The elongation is roughly equal to the distance, in the sky, of the planet from the Sun, measured in degrees.
		The greatest possible elongation of a superior planet is always 180 degrees, when the planet is in opposition and therefore as far as possible from the Sun in the sky.
	www.phys.uu.nl /~strous/AA/en/verschijnselen.html (1674 words)

	Conjunction (astronomy) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In an inferior conjunction, the superior planet is "in opposition" to the Sun as seen from the inferior planet.
		The terms "inferior conjunction" and "superior conjunction" are used in particular for the planets Mercury and Venus, which are inferior planets as seen from the Earth.
		A planet (or asteroid or comet) is simply said to be in conjunction, when it is in conjunction with the Sun, as seen from the Earth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Conjunction_(astronomy) (975 words)

	Astronomical Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A planet is said to be at conjunction when it is at the same ecliptic longitude as the Sun, and so approximately in line with it.
		The planets Mercury and Venus can form such a line by being between the Earth and the Sun, when they are said to be at inferior conjunction, or behind the Sun as seen from the Earth, an alignment called superior conjunction.
		Since the orbits of the other planets are inclined to the ecliptic plane by only very small angles, their observed positions in the sky are always close to the ecliptic.
	g3.tmsc.org /astronomy/glossary.html (1846 words)

	Glossary for planets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		At a western elongation the planet rises before the sun so is a morning star, and at greatest elongation it is generally at its best in the morning sky.
		A superior planet always shows a more or less full phase, at quadrature the greatest departure from full phase occurs, and in the case of Mars a very appreciable gibbous phase can be seen.
		In theory for all planets with an appreciable tilt of the rotation axis relative to the normal of its orbital plane, we have the following four terms, which, however, are normally used only for the earth and occasionally for Mars, and govern the seasons.
	pegasus.as.arizona.edu /~csharp/planetexp.html (627 words)

	Cardiff Astronomical Society -Planetary Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A superior planet is "in conjunction" when it is on the opposite side of the Sun from the Earth.
		There is no equlivelant of an inferior conjunction for a superior planet, as it never passes between the earth and the sun.
		A superior planet is said to be "in opposition" when it is directly on the opposite side of the Earth from the Sun.
	www.astro.cf.ac.uk /cas/planet_terms.html (176 words)

	Voyage 8
		The planets Mercury and Venus, closer to the Sun than the Earth, are called the inferior planets while planets farther from the Sun than the Earth are termed the superior planets (Mars, Jupiter, and so on).
		Because the planet is closest to the Earth, at opposition, it is at its brightest.
		At western quadrature and eastern quadrature, a superior planet is 90 degree west or east of the Sun, respectively, and exhibits a gibbous phase.
	www.physics.emich.edu /jwooley/chapter8/Chapter8.html (1737 words)

	vik dhillon: phy105 - celestial mechanics - ptolemy, copernicus and galileo
		A planet can be at an eastern elongation or a western elongation, depending on whether the planet lies to the east or west of the Sun as seen from the Earth.
		Full phase, when the entire sunlit hemisphere of a planet is visible from the Earth, occurs when a planet is in opposition and so can only ever be observed on a superior planet (the inferior planets at superior conjunction also show a full phase, but this is lost in the glare of the Sun).
		When the Earth and another planet pass each other on the same side of the Sun, the planet appears to retrace its path for a short while (which is known as retrograde motion) and then continue in its original direction (which is known as prograde motion).
	www.shef.ac.uk /physics/people/vdhillon/teaching/phy105/phy105_ptolemy.html (1302 words)

	AllRefer.com - 1Up Info > Superior (U.S. Political Geography) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		27,134), seat of Douglas co., NW Wis., on Superior Bay of Lake Superior, at the mouths of the St. Louis and the Nemadji rivers; inc. 1883.
		Superior has shipyards, flour milling, an oil refinery, and wood and machinery manufacture.
		The city grew after iron ore was discovered (1880s) in the Gogebic range.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/S/Superior.html (247 words)

	superior planet on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		planet whose orbit lies outside that of the earth.
		The superior planets are Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto.
		Planet City to Acquire Software and Services Firm.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/s1/superior.asp (212 words)

	Astronomy Hypertext: Configurations of the Planets
		Continuing to drift eastward relative to the Earth-Sun line, the superior planet's elongation decreases; it is thus approaching the Sun.
		At this point the superior planet rises at midnight and is a "morning star." Finally, the superior planet returns to opposition, its cycle of configurations complete.
		During this period of passing, the planet appears to temporarily interrupt its normal eastward motion relative to the stars and move westward.
	www.physics.gmu.edu /~jevans/astr103/CourseNotes/cyclicPhenomena_configurationsPlanets.html (776 words)

	[No title]
		However, when the planet happens to be on the part of its epicycle closest to Earth, the motion of the planet is opposite to the motion of the epicycle along the deferent and hence, the plant seems to slow down and stop and starts moving from east to west, the retrograde motion.
		The main difference between the Kepler’s model and the Copernicus model is that in Copernicus model the planets move around the Sun in perfect circles while Kepler deduced from observations that the planets move around the Sun in an elliptical orbits with the Sun at one of the focal points.
		The relation between the phase of the planet Venus and it is position with respect to the Sun left absolutely no doubt that Venus must be in orbit around the Sun exactly as the Moon is in orbit around the Earth because the phases of Venus are entirely compatible with the heliocentric model.
	www.nku.edu /~ramkumarc/AST110.HomeworkSolution-3-Fall03.doc (1339 words)

	Lesson 11 - The Positions of the Planets
		A superior planet is best seen at opposition because that is when it is at its greatest elongation and also it is at its closest approach to Earth.
		Superior planets can be in any RA (or elongation with respect to the Sun) so they are can appear in our night sky at anytime including midnight.
		Superior planets are at quadrature twice in their orbits.
	www.synapses.co.uk /astro/planets1.html (2587 words)

	superior planet concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		It is more massive than all other planets and satellites combined; if it were about 80 times more massive, it would become self-luminous due to fusion reactions.
		The heat flux to from the center to the surface is mainly convective.
		Its orbit has the highest eccentricity and highest inclination to the ecliptic of any planet and some astronomers suggest that it may be an escaped satellite of Neptune.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/superiorplanet.html (413 words)

	RedNova - Reference Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		A transit of a planet is the event of the planet passing between the Earth and the Sun in such a way that the planet appears to move across the Sun's disk.
		Superior planet refers to Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto as they have orbits larger than that of Earth's.
		He deduced this because the superior planets were often seen on the side of the celestial sphere opposite the Sun, thus implying that the Earth was between them and the Sun.
	www.rednova.com /education/reference_library?article_id=267 (560 words)

	Lesson 12 - The Motion of the Planets
		The other superior planets are so far away you would need a telescope and careful mapping data (the planet's position among the stars) to notice the retrograde motion.
		The superior planets are always moving east to west (westward) in direct motion, but as they approach opposition they do a little "retrograde dance" that is actually caused by the motion of the Earth.
		That's because the synodic period for planets is an average and we have not taken into account a complication in orbit shapes that is particularly pronounced for Mercury.
	www.synapses.co.uk /astro/planets2.html (4042 words)

	Aspects and Phases of the Planets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The aspects and phases of the superior planets differ from those of the inferior planets because of geometry: their orbits are outside that of the Earth.
		When a superior planet is at quadrature, it is on our celestial meridian at sunrise or sunset.
		Comparing with the preceding diagram for the inferior planets, we notice two basic differences: (1) The superior planets do not exhibit a full range of phases; they are always gibbous or full.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr161/lect/celestial/aspects.html (291 words)

	Heliocentric (Copernican) - Planetary Retrograde Motion
		Because the earth orbits the sun faster than the outer planets (Mars, Jupiter, Saturn) the apparent position of those superior planets, viewed against the backdrop of the 'fixed stars', appears to undergo a 'looping' retrograde motion.
		Put differently, when a superior planet 'retrogrades' it appears first to move in its direct order, it then slows down and appears to stop (stationary point one).
		From an observational standpoint, when the two planets are in opposition to each other (on opposite sides of the sun) the outer planet cannot be seen from earth.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/rhatch/pages/03-Sci-Rev/SCI-REV-Home/resource-ref-read/chief-systems/08-0retro-1.htm (340 words)

	STELLAR ASTROLOGY, RETROGRADE MOVEMENT
		Sun in 365.26 days, this space of time is shorter that the used for superior planet.
		Earth is less longitudinal that the planet considered retrograde.
		As long as the retrograde influences from a superior planet with longer orbits that the Earth as Mars until Pluto comprehend (not always) changes, up date or modernizations to realize to medium and the long term.
	astrolife.netfirms.com /retrogrademovement.htm (401 words)

	Weasner's Meade ETX Site
		Like the moon, all planets have orbits that are elliptical, and all planets follow the pathway through the ecliptic, the 12 Zodiacal constellations which we observe from Earth.
		As the inferior planets stretch their limits as high as possible in the eastern and western sky, we are reminded that we are but the third planet of the sun.
		In regard to the superior planets, once their locations have been learned by even the casual stargazer, it is difficult to forget where they will appear in the sky the next season, since their motions are minor when compared to the moon, or even Venus and Mercury.
	www.weasner.com /etx/ref_guides/venus.html (3364 words)

	Factmonster Search: planets
		superior planet, planet whose orbit lies outside that of the earth.
		terrestrial planet, the earth or a planet that resembles the earth in its physical characteristics.
		inferior planet, planet whose orbit lies inside that of the earth.
	www.factmonster.com /search.php3?query=planets&x=7&y=10 (172 words)

	Chapter 2: PREDICTABLE NON-PERIODIC EVENTS-PART II
		Planets involved in mutual occultations during 4000 years reveal a tendency to occur in clusters.
		The frequency of planet-to planet conjunctions is a function of the degree of separation (in R.A.), the time period under consideration, and the number of planets involved.
		Venus' interval pairing with the Jovian planets are nearly identical.
	climate.gi.alaska.edu /Curtis/astro4.html (2478 words)

	ipedia.com: Nicolaus Copernicus Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Copernicus held that the Earth is another planet revolving around the fixed sun once a year, and turning on its axis once a day.
		All the planets move along orbits which center is the Sun, therefore the Sun is the center of the World.
		The Earth (together with its Moon, and just like the other planets) moves around the Sun, so the movements that the Sun seems making (his apparent moving during daytime, and his annual moving through the Zodiac) are nothing else than effects of the Earth's real movements.
	www.ipedia.com /nicolaus_copernicus.html (4732 words)

	Viewing the planets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		All of the superior planets can be visible at any time of night, sometime during their orbit.
		When a superior planet lies directly behind the Sun, we say it is at conjunction.
		When a superior planet lies directly opposite the Sun as viewed from the Earth, we say it is at opposition.
	astrosun2.astro.cornell.edu /academics/courses/astro201/planet_view.htm (206 words)

	English 233: Complication in the Ptolemaic Theory (Concise Version)
		(An "superior" planet in Ptolemy's scheme is one whose orbit around the Earth lies beyond that of the sun; these are Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn).
		The planet's apparent position against the fixed stars on the stellar sphere (which Copernicus postulates as motionless) slides eastward from position 1 to 7, but as Earth catches up and passes the more distant planet there will show up against the constellations a brief westward retrogression from 3 to 5.
		Ptolemaic astronomy had to postulate epicycle/deferent systems for all the inferior and superior planets (i.e., for all the theoretical planets except the Sun and the Moon).
	www.k-state.edu /english/baker/english233/Astronomy1.htm (641 words)

	Chapter5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		When the superior planets are at opposition, they are not only in the middle of a retrogression, but they are noticeably brighter and thus presumably closer to the Earth as well.
		As a planet revolves on its deferent in relation to the background stars (also moving in Ptolemy's system), the planet also revolves around its epicycle in such a way that at various times during the year it will be moving (looping) in the opposite direction of its overall eastward motion.
		Ptolemy's model for the inferior planets is consistent with Mercury being either the closest planet to the sun or the second closest to the sun.
	www.hcc.hawaii.edu:8000 /~pine/Thesis/Chapter5.htm (17718 words)

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