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Topic: Superior vestibular nucleus

	IX. Neurology. 4e. Composition and Central Connections of the Spinal Nerves. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human ...
		The preganglionic fibers from this nucleus terminate in the otic ganglion; the postganglionic fibers from the otic ganglion pass to the parotid gland.
		The descending branches terminate in the dorsal (medial) vestibular nucleus, the principal nucleus of the vestibular nerve.
		The axons arise from the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve and pass in bundles through the posterior longitudinal bundle, the tegmentum, the red nucleus and the medial margin of the substantia nigra in a series of curves and finally emerge from the oculomotor sulcus on the medial side of the cerebral peduncle.
	www.bartleby.com /107/191.html (8263 words)

	Sylvius Neuroanatomical Reference / Glossary Index
		Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal complex, gelatinosa part
		Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal complex, interpolar subnucleus
		Spinal nucleus of the trigeminal complex, oral subnucleus
	www.sylvius.com /index (24 words)

	Vestibular Function & Anatomy
		The vestibular system is made of five sensory organs on each side of the head embedded in the petrous portion of the temporal bone.
		The superior and posterior canals are at roughly 45 degree angles to the sagittal plane.
		The nuclei are the superior vestibular nucleus, the lateral vestibular nucleus, the medial vestibular nucleus, and the descending vestibular nucleus.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/Vestibular-2004-0414/Vestibular-2004-0414.htm (1731 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Neural information carried on vestibular afferent fibers is transmitted to the four vestibular nuclei, which lie in the rostral medulla and caudal pons (12).
		The superior vestibular nucleus lies dorsally in the central pons and is bordered by the restiform body and the fourth ventricle (see Fig.12B).
		Vestibular primary afferent fibers enter the brainstem at the pontomedullary junction.
	vestibular.wustl.edu /vestibular4.html (909 words)

	eMedicine - Anatomy of the Vestibular System : Article by Steve C Lee, MD, PhD
		The superior division supplies the cristae of the superior and lateral canals, the macula of the utricle, and the anterosuperior part of the macula of the saccule.
		The ascending branches of the fibers from the superior and lateral canals terminate in the rostral part of the superior vestibular nucleus in a distribution of large and small fibers.
		Highstein SM, Holstein GR.: The Anatomy of the vestibular nuclei.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic693.htm (3311 words)

	[Frontiers in Bioscience 2, d552-577, November 15, 1997]
		Cells of the medial vestibular nucleus which respond to stimulation of the posterior canal project to the contralateral superior oblique and inferior rectus subdivisions of the oculomotor complex in both the rabbit and the cat (124).
		The cells of the medial vestibular nucleus that participate in these projections are excitatory as indicated by the polarity of averages of field potentials recorded in the oculomotor complex and triggered from spikes of vestibular cells (126).
		The projection that originates in the superior vestibular nucleus is inhibitory and the one that originates in the medial vestibular nucleus is excitatory as indicated by the fact that the electrical stimulation of these nuclei evokes monosynaptic IPSPs and EPSPs, respectively, in NIC neurons (141, 142, 136).
	www.bioscience.org /1997/v2/d/moschov/5.htm (6211 words)

	Superior olivary nucleus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The superior olivary nucleus (or superior olive) is a small mass of gray substance situated on the dorsal surface of the lateral part of the trapezoid body.
		The superior olivary complex is located in the pons and receives projections predominantly from the anteroventral cochlear nucleus, although the posteroventral nucleus projects there as well, via the ventral acoustic stria.
		The projections of the ipsilateral medial superior olive terminate densely in the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Superior_olivary_nucleus (1327 words)

	Article 1
		These regions are found among the precerebellar nuclei which include the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis, the dorsomedial pontine nucleus, the vestibular com- plex, and the inferior olivary complex.
		It has been generally agreed that when the eyes were displaced by stimulating the superior colliculus [32, 35, 36, 38], thalamic medullary lamina complex [34], frontal eye fields [32-34], and supplementary eye fields [34], the monkeys compensated for the stimulation-induced perturbation by looking to the position of the target in space.
		Noda, H., and Ikeda, Y. (1989) Pathways of axons of oculomotor neurons in the fastigial nucleus of macaque monkey.
	www.opt.indiana.edu /Noda/article1.html (5117 words)

	Medical Neurosciences
		The axons in the vestibular nerve are the central processes of neurons that lie in the vestibular or Scarpa’s ganglion which lies in the internal auditory meatus.
		Once vestibular input from the semicircular canals and otolith organs has reached the vestibular nuclei, the information is used to maintain balance and to stabilize the visual image on the retina during head movements.
		Cells within the medial vestibular nucleus possess axons that descend bilaterally (the ipsilateral projection is denser) in a position just off the midline near the dorsal surface of the pons and medulla.
	www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu /virtualbrain/BrainStem/13VNAN.html (3760 words)

	Responses of Primate Caudal Parabrachial Nucleus and Kolliker-Fuse Nucleus Neurons to Whole Body Rotation -- Balaban et ...
		1-3 and the spinal trigeminal nucleus (Feil and Herbert 1995
		Vestibular nucleus projections to the parabrachial nucleus in rabbits: implications for vestibular influences on autonomic function.
		Connections of the parabrachial nucleus with the nucleus of the solitary tract and medullary reticular formation in the rat.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/88/6/3175 (7576 words)

	eMedicine - Vestibuloocular Reflex Testing : Article by Manali S Amin, MD
		This description of vestibular dysfunction highlights the role of the vestibuloocular reflex in the stabilization of objects on the retina during brief head movements.
		Excitation of the superior canal results in contraction of the ipsilateral superior rectus and contralateral inferior oblique muscles and relaxation of the ipsilateral inferior rectus and contralateral superior oblique muscles, which results in an upward torsional eye movement.
		The nucleus prepositus hypoglossi is crucial for the maintenance of a steady gaze, while the cells within the paramedian tracts are responsible for relaying information to the vestibulocerebellum, specifically the flocculus.
	www.emedicine.com /ent/topic482.htm (3248 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		A second population of vestibular neurons sends excitatory signals to the me dial rectus subdivision of the ipsilateral odulomotor nucleus.
		Neurons in the left vestibular nuclei then excite both the contralateral abducens mo tor neurons and interneurons, which, in turn, produce contraction in the right lateral rectus and the left me dial rectus muscle (see Fig.
		Typically, in patients com plaining of dizziness or vertigo, the function of ±e vestibular labyrinth is assessed by administering a ca loric test.
	vestibular.wustl.edu /vestibular5.html (931 words)

	Migraine-anxiety related dizziness (MARD): a new disorder? -- Furman et al. 76 (1): 1 -- Journal of Neurology, ...
		ventrolateral medulla, nucleus of the solitary tract, nucleus
		the locus ceruleus (LC) and the adjacent nucleus subceruleus.
		Afferents to the central nucleus of the amygdala and functional subdivisions of the periaqueductal gray: neuroanatomical substrates for affective behavior.
	jnnp.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/76/1/1-a (4566 words)

	[Frontiers in Bioscience 2, d552-577, November 15, 1997]
		The participation of secondary vestibular neurons is indicated by the fact that bilateral MLF lesions cause vertical gaze nystagmus in the monkey (24).
		This nucleus lines the floor of the fourth ventricle from the midline to the medial vestibular nucleus laterally and from the abducens nucleus rostrally to the hypoglossal nucleus caudally.
		It is inactivation of this second nucleus (again with lidocaine injections) which has been shown to abolish the velocity storage integrator of the vestibular system (dramatically reducing the VOR time constant to a value much lower than the cupular one) without interfering while the horizontal velocity to position integrator.
	www.bioscience.org /1997/v2/d/moschov/d538-562.htm (15192 words)

	[No title]
		As you learned in the Canal Mechanics lecture, the dynamics of the SCC are such that the vestibular apparatus is fundamentally an angular accelerometer that acts as a velecity transducer in the physiological range of sinusoidal rotations.
		The star of this lecture is the vestibular nucleus, its afferents, its efferents, and its role in control of eye movements.
		There may be an inhibitory interneuron from VIII to the type 1 cell projecting to the abducens nucleus, AND there may be a projection across the commisure from the right VN, to a type 2 cell that goes to a IN neuron that projects to the type 1 going to abducens.
	www.engin.brown.edu /courses/en122/arch/vor00.html (1938 words)

	The expression of ccn3 (nov) RNA and protein in the rat central nervous system is developmentally regulated -- Su et ...
		cova, ventral cochlear nucleus, anterior part; sp5, nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve; sp5o, nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve, oral part; sv, superior vestibular nucleus; lv, lateral vestibular nucleus; 7, facial nucleus; 4v, fourth ventricle; pnc, pons reticular nucleus, caudal part.
		trigemal nucleus, and the ventral and dorsal horn of the spinal
		PL, pyramydal layer of the hippocampus; BST, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis; GP, globus pallidus; VP, ventral pallidus; FN, facial nucleus; SP, nucleus of the spinal tract of the trigeminal nerve; SU, suprafacial nucleus.
	mp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/54/3/184 (4018 words)

	Vestibular nerve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The vestibular nerve is one of the two branches of the Vestibulocochlear nerve (the cochlear nerve is the other.) It goes to the semicircular canals via the vestibular ganglion.
		It arises from bipolar cells in the vestibular ganglion, ganglion of Scarpa, which is situated in the upper part of the outer end of the internal auditory meatus.
		the superior branch passes through the foramina in the area vestibularis superior and ends in the utricle and in the ampullae of the superior and lateral semicircular ducts;
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vestibular_nerve (458 words)

	Intrinsic Firing Dynamics of Vestibular Nucleus Neurons -- Sekirnjak and du Lac 22 (6): 2083 -- Journal of Neuroscience
		cochlear nucleus and caudal to the root of the facial nerve.
		Fuchs AF, Kimm J (1975) Unit activity in vestibular nucleus of the alert monkey during horizontal angular acceleration and eye movement.
		Kawaguchi Y (1985) Two groups of secondary vestibular neurons mediating horizontal canal signals, probably to the ipsilateral medial rectus muscle, under inhibitory influences from the cerebellar flocculus in rabbits.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/22/6/2083 (8070 words)

	Purkinje Cell Synapses Target Physiologically Unique Brainstem Neurons -- Sekirnjak et al. 23 (15): 6392 -- Journal of ...
		are sparsely distributed in the medial vestibular nucleus.
		subset of neurons, presumed FTNs, in the medial vestibular nucleus.
		Sagittal (A) and coronal (B) sections indicate that GFP expression is restricted to the cerebellar cortex (CB), DCN, and vestibular nuclei in the brainstem [MVN, lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN), floccular lobe (f), and nodulus (n)].
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/23/15/6392 (4177 words)

	ISHN 2006 Annual Meeting -- Abstract 1
		Objective: The impact on neurotology of VM Bekhterev (1857-1927) as the founder of the Kazan Neurology School.
		During his work with Flechsig VMB published the paper distinguishing the anterior and posterior roots of the VIIIth cranial nerve and discovered the superior vestibular nucleus which is bearing his name (Bekhterev, 1885).
		However Sigmund Freud and Darkshevich in 1885 erroneously concluded that “vestibular nucleus of Deiters was the third acoustic nucleus” (G. Wiest and R. Baloh, 2002).
	www.bri.ucla.edu /nha/ishn/ab01-2006.htm (352 words)

	Medial Pontine Hemorrhagic Stroke -- Ruhland and van Kan 83 (6): 552 -- Physical Therapy
		nucleus of Cajal, and the superior colliculus, respectively.
		Descending pathways from the superior colliculus: an autoradiographic analysis in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).
		Cortical projections to the red nucleus and the brain stem in the rhesus monkey.
	www.ptjournal.org /cgi/content/full/83/6/552 (6772 words)

	Synaptic Control of Motoneuronal Excitability -- Rekling et al. 80 (2): 767 -- Physiological Reviews
		Noradrenergic input to the hypoglossal nucleus comes from neurons in three pontine regions, i.e., nucleus subcoeruleus, A7 and A5 cell groups (12, 14).
		ambiguus nucleus arise from the nucleus of the solitary tract
		neurons are GABAergic (superior vestibular nucleus) or cholinergic
	physrev.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/80/2/767 (8422 words)

	Molecular characterization of the sodium channel subunits expressed in mammalian cerebellar Purkinje cells -- de Miera ...
		was also found in the entopeduncular nucleus and in the amygdala.
		the nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus (Fig.
		the caudal interpeduncular nucleus and the intermediate interpeduncular
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/94/13/7059 (4071 words)

	Vladimir Mikhailovich Bechterev (1857-1927) -- HAAS 70 (6): 743 -- Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
		He associated the vestibular root with Dieter's nucleus.
		His work led to a better understanding of some components of the
		the central tegmental tract, and the superior vestibular nucleus
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/70/6/743 (231 words)

	Vertical nystagmus: clinical facts and hypotheses -- Pierrot-Deseilligny and Milea 128 (6): 1237 -- Brain
		upward vestibular signals to the third nerve nucleus.
		this structure tonically inhibits the SVN and its excitatory
		the downward vestibular system and restrain the upward vestibular
	brain.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/128/6/1237 (511 words)

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