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Topic: Superluminal motions

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	Astron. Astrophys. 344, 61-67 (1999)
		(1981) clearly established the existence of superluminal motions in this object.
		In Table 1 we summarize the main information for the different superluminal features for which high-quality data are available.
		Superluminal components in the VLBI jet in 3C 273.
	aa.springer.de /papers/9344001/2300061/sc2.htm (448 words)

	Personal Notes
		This vexing theoretical interpretation problem of quasar energy generation and superluminal motion is primarily a conseqence of a the bogus distance overestimation made by Schmidt (1965) based on his erroneous assumption that the emission spectra was redshifted.
		The main consequence of superluminal motion is that all quasar jets must be pointed towards us, which is shear nonsense, the theory is so full of holes that it doesn't hold water.
		Superluminal motion is an illusion created by the error in the distance estimate, the jets are emitted by stars within our galaxy.
	laserstars.org /glossary/distance.html (2085 words)

	[No title]
		Being preoccupied with the world ether, the creators of the SRT became victims of a mistaken belief that, instead of building a theory of interactions between bodies, they were creating a world in which material bodies experience changes in accordance with relativistic relations.
		Motions with superluminal velocities evidently exist in nature: streams of matter and fragments of galaxies in the distant cosmic space move with velocities many times greater than the velocity of light; cosmic particles enter the Earth atmosphere at superluminal velocities.
		We badly need superluminal motions for: 1) developing new engines for interstellar explorations, 2) developing a powerful weapon for antiasteroid protection, 3) creating new technologies, 4) establishing new goals and perspectives for the mankind.
	www.ikz.ru /~smulski/smul1/English1/FounPhisics/AppeGE.doc (944 words)

	Gravitation - Scientific Journal Dedicated to Discussing Problems of Gravitational Physics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		In this paper we consider the possibility of direct observation of motions with superluminal velocities.
		We show that the invariance of the interval in the special relativity theory makes observations of superluminal motions impossible.
		However, the symmetry of speeds in the classical Lorentz transformations with reference to that of light is a physical reality and manifests itself as the charge symmetry (reverse of time) and/or the symmetry of reflection.
	gravity.ezhiki.ru /english/articles/super_speeds.shtml (112 words)

	Archive of Astronomy Questions and Answers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The explanation for the apparent superluminal motions seen in the cores of some quasars is easily accounted for by special relativity.
		Because the activity occurs in a local region of space-time near the quasar, it is not necessary to worry about the cosmological red shift affect which accounts for the relative motion of the entire quasar with respect to the Milky Way.
		The superluminal motions are due to the close to the speed of light motions of plasma clouds ejected by the quasar very close to our line of sight.
	einstein.stanford.edu /content/relativity/q1434.html (139 words)

	[92.05] Determination of Superluminal Jet Sound Speeds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Where superluminal motions are detected on an expanding jet, modeling efforts based on an observed helical twist can be used to determine the jet sound speed and the sound speed in the immediately surrounding environment.
		The determination of sound speeds requires observed proper motions for both the pattern speed and the jet speed.
		We illustrate the basic intrinsic and observed behavior of a helically twisted structure and use the observed structure and motions in the inner 15~mas of the 3C\,120 jet to find sound speeds in the jet and in the external medium.
	www.aas.org /publications/baas/v35n5/aas203/232.htm (266 words)

	Galaxies and the Universe - Jets, Superluminal Motion, and Gamma-Ray Bursts
		Strong evidence for relativistic bulk motions comes from superluminal sources, in which the projected speed of motion (always outward from the core) of distinct blobs is 1-10c.
		There is a class of galactic superluminal sources, associated with strong gamma-ray emission and evidently generated by accretion onto compact objects in a genuinely small-scale counterpart to the extragalactic cases (Levinson and Blandford 1996 A&AS 120, 129).
		Such motions, and the pronounced wrapped filamentary structure seen in nearby jets such as M87 and Centaurus A, suggest an important role for motion in helical patterns.
	www.astr.ua.edu /keel/galaxies/jets.html (2301 words)

	Monitoring of Gamma-Ray Blazars
		We present the results of a program to monitor the structure of the radio emission in 42 gamma-ray bright blazars (31 quasars and 11 BL Lac objects) with the VLBA at 43, 22, and occasionally 15 and 8.4 GHz, over the period from November 1993 to July 1997.
		We determine proper motions in 33 sources and find that the apparent superluminal motions in gamma-ray sources are much faster than for the general population of bright compact radio sources.
		Different characteristics of stationary features close to and farther from the core lead us to suggest two different classes of stationary components: those within about 2 milliarcseconds (mas) of the core, probably associated with standing hydrodynamical compressions, and those farther down the jet, which tend to be associated with bends in the jet.
	www.bu.edu /blazars/GResults.html (921 words)

	Superluminal Quasar Jets : The Beaming "Explanation" Appear
		The conventional explanantion for the superluminal motions observed in
		If a truly superluminal jet were pointed at us the material in the jet
		Superluminal motion of up to ~9.6c has been observed
	www.groupsrv.com /science/ntopic85700.html (1811 words)

	Invitees & Attendees
		E. Recami et al.: "On the localized superluminal solutions to the Maxwell equations" [report NSF-ITF-02-93 (I.T.P., UCSB; 2002], IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol.
		E. Recami, "On localized `X-shaped' Superluminal solutions to Maxwell equations", Physica A, vol.
		M.Z. Rached, E. Recami, et al.: "New localized Superluminal solutions to the wave equations with finite total energies and arbitrary frequencies" [e-print physics/0109062], European Physical Journal D, vol.
	www.earthtech.org /forum/attendees/recami.html (438 words)

	Moses Fayngold - Projects - NJIT
		One of the goals of this book (and the offered course) is to dispel the myth that accelerated motions cannot be treated in the framework of the Special Relativity.
		Such an object possesses a kind of duality, which allows one to represent it as either superluminal, or subliminal object, depending on what physical quantities are chosen for its description.
		Intriguing and thought provoking, it can be used by students to learn basic principles of the theory of relativity, and by physics teachers to illustrate these principles and analyze their implications before any student audience.
	web.njit.edu /~fayngold/projects.html (3361 words)

	superluminal motions & H_0 - comments from Ajk - Bartek's IAP talk
		superluminal motions and H_0 - comments from Ajk - Bartek's IAP talk
		Poprzednia wiadomość: superluminal motions and H_0 - comments from Ajk - Bartek's IAP talk
		Następna wiadomość: superluminal motions and H_0 - comments from Ajk - Bartek's IAP talk
	cosmo.torun.pl /pipermail/cosmo-torun/2004-August/000262.html (568 words)

	X-ray Binaries
		While remaing a unique and fascinating source, the radio jets from SS 433 have been rather overshadowed in the past five years by the discovery of highly relativistic jets from some bright fl-hole candidate (BHC) X-ray binaries.
		In the past year a third (probable) superluminal jet source, XTE J1748-288, has been discovered in the Galactic centre (Rupen, Hjellming and Mioduszewski 1998), and it appears that maybe all transient BHC systems may produce relativistic outflows when in outburst (Kuulkers et al.
		For sources which will be resolved on the longest baselines (including SS 433, GRS 1915+105 and possibly a large fraction of new transients) the snapshots available from such a monitoring program would allow a previously unimaginable continuous sequence of observations of jet structure which evolves daily.
	www.ras.ucalgary.ca /SKA/science/node17.html (1132 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		The gammarays are thought to be produced in jets containing highly relativistic plasma, moving with roughly the same Lorentz factors required to explain the superluminal motions detected in many sources.
		The timescale of variability of the gamma-ray emission is shorter than at radio frequencies, implying that the gammarays originate in the portion of the jet that lies between the central engine and the radio jet imaged with VLBI.
		Observations of the high-energy cutoff to the gamma-ray emission from blazars will therefore allow an inference of the ambient photon field and may define the epoch of galaxy formation.
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/cgro/epo/brochures/grapwg/grapwg18.html (442 words)

	[No title]
		This was attributed to a settling of the matter of the neutron star, similar to an earthquake.
		By using an array of southern hemisphere antennas, including two at NASA's Canberra Complex, and two former DSN antennas (Hartebeesthoek and Hobart) to observe the Vela pulsar, correlations in the time variation at the various stations were analyzed to obtain information about the structure of the interstellar plasma.
		By a series of VLBI observations over a period of eight years, using telescope arrays which included NASA 70-m antennas, jets of plasma were seen to flow out of the core of Centaurus A. The behavior of this core may be typical of other, more distant active galactic nuclei.
	dsnra.jpl.nasa.gov /RA_milestones.html (797 words)

	Erasmo Recami - Some Recent Scientific Papers
		M.Z.Rached, K.Z.Nobrega, H.E.Hernandez F., and E.Recami, “Localized Superluminal solutions to the wave equation in (vacuum or) dispersive media, for arbitrary frequencies and with adjustable bandwidth”, Optics Communications 226 (2003) 15-23.
		V.S.Olkhovsky, E.Recami and G.Salesi: “Tunneling through two successive barriers and the Hartman (Superluminal) effect” [e-print quant-ph/0002022; this paper was confirmed and extended in aharonov.pdf], Europhysics Letters 57 (2002) 879-884.
		J.Jakiel, V.S.Olkhovsky and E.Recami: “On Superluminal motions in photon and particle tunnellings”, Physics Letters A 248 (1998) 156-160.
	dinamico.unibg.it /recami/scientific.htm (1170 words)

	RMSPG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		From the study of binary stars, often called microquasars, the evolution can be followed in hours to months to provide a living laboratory associated with the energy balance in energetic phenomenon.
		The astrometric precision, now approaching 10 microarcsec, gives the distances, motion and orbital parameters of many objects in our galaxy and even in nearby galaxies, and are important for establishing the cosmological distance scale.
		The space motion of hundreds of objects, including planetary systems, will be measured.
	astrosun.tn.cornell.edu /~haynes/rmspg/facs/spacevlbi_e.htm (986 words)

	[No title]
		Look closely at the apparent motion of material in jets....
		Okay, now go back to the diagram showing the motion of the jet and the observer on Earth:
		Remember, according to Special Relativity, the speed of a light ray is always the same, even if it is emitted from a rapidly moving object.
	spiff.rit.edu /classes/phys314/lectures/superlum/superlum.html (1065 words)

	superluminal motions & H_0 - comments from Ajk - Bartek's IAP talk
		witam On Fri, 27 Aug 2004, Boud Roukema wrote: > Witam wszyscy, > Andrzej Kus is sceptical about using superluminal motions for > estimating (local) cosmological parameters.
		> > Given that blobs stop and then start again, or change direction, but > are only detected when they are moving superluminally, then it would > seem to me that the true average speed is slower than estimated from > the doppler factor.
		in fact superluminality isn't a condition "sine qua non" for doing this thing.
	cosmo.torun.pl /pipermail/cosmo-torun/2004-August/000260.html (472 words)

	Catalogue Selection Page
		Superluminal motions for extragalactic sources (Vermeulen+, 1994) (
		Proper motions of 74 pulsars (Zou+, 2005) (
		Proper motions and brightness of Cas A (Anderson+ 1995) (
	vizier.u-strasbg.fr /viz-bin/VizieR?-kw.cat=14410307 (217 words)

	I. F. Mirabel: Superluminal Sources in the Galaxy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Morganti: A sample of southern CSS: radio and Up: No Title Previous: A.
		We review the recent discovery of galactic sources of relativistic jets with motions apparently faster than the speed of light.
		The study of these `microquasars' has an impact on: 1) arguments against an expanding Universe, 2) the physical interpretation of superluminal motions in quasars, 3) the models of gamma-ray bursts, and 4) a new method to determine distances in astronomy.
	www.cv.nrao.edu /~azensus/iau164/iaudir/reg/l2hab/node133.html (85 words)

	[No title]
		"Superluminal Variations in 3C 120, 3C 273, and 3C345".
		"The Structure and Motions of the 3C120 Radio Jet on Scales of 0.6 to 300 Parsecs" Postscript
		"Superluminal Motions and Large Scale Structure in 3C 120"
	www.aoc.nrao.edu /~cwalker/papers (2294 words)

	1993 Abstracts
		New VLBI polarization images of 1308+326, however, show both VLBI polarization structure and tentative superluminal motions that are characteristic of quasars rather than BL Lacertae objects.
		Abstract: VLBI observations of the optically bright radio-emitting star Sigma Coronae Borealis (Sigma CrB) have yielded its position relative to an angularly nearby quasar, its annual proper motion and its trigonometric parallax with formal uncertainties slightly better than 0.2 milliarcsec.
		This is the first result of the VLBI astrometric program we are conducting on 11 radio stars similar to Sigma CrB.
	www.ras.ucalgary.ca /abstracts/1993/1993.html (1255 words)

	review number 3
		measuring the positions of the stars very accurately to detect the effects of the planets' gravity on their motions
		their proper motions are smaller, making comparisons over time with other stars more accurate
		In the early 1900's it became possible to measure large numbers of RR Lyrae and Cepheid variables in the nearest galaxies because
	ircamera.as.arizona.edu /NatSci102/NatSci102/review/review3.htm (3458 words)

	Special Relativity & Motions Faster Than Light, Moses Fayngold, Roland Wengenmayr (Illustrator) - ISBN 3527403442 - ...
		Special Relativity & Motions Faster Than Light, Moses Fayngold, Roland Wengenmayr (Illustrator) - ISBN 3527403442 - ELX.com.au (Australia)
		While the theory of special relativity is often associated with the idea of traveling faster than light, this book shows that in all these cases subtle forces of nature conspire to prevent these motions being harnessed to send signals faster than the speed of light.
		The author tackles these topics both conceptually, with minimal or no mathematics, and quantitatively, making use of numerous illustrations to clarify the discussion.
	www.elx.com.au /item/3527403442 (200 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-01)
		Energy Citations Database (ECD) Document #6796177 - Possible interpretation of superluminal motions in radio galaxies
		Availability information may be found in the Availability, Publisher, Research Organization, Resource Relation and/or Author (affiliation information) fields and/or via the "Full-text Availability" link.
		Possible interpretation of superluminal motions in radio galaxies
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=6796177 (102 words)

	AGN Questions
		Superluminal - faster than light - motions result when
		Jets emerging from an active nucleus contain particles moving nearly at the speed of light because
		that is the only way to account for their apparent superluminal motions
	ircamera.as.arizona.edu /NatSci102/quiz/agnques.htm (287 words)

	MPIfR Publications 2002
		A., Zensus, J.A.: Proper motion in Cygnus A. In: Proceedings of the 6th European VLBI Network Symposium.
		Frey, S., Gurvits, L.I., Lobanov, A.P., Schilizzi, R.T., Kawaguchi, N., Gabányi, K.: Space VLBI observations of the quasar 1351-018: tentative detection of apparent superluminal motion at z=3.707.
		4C +12.50: A Superluminal Precessing Jet in the Recent Merger System IRAS 13451+1232Astrophys.J. Lobanov, A.P., Krichbaum, T.P., Graham, D.A., Medici, A., Kraus, A., Witzel, A., Zensus, J.A.: 86 GHz VLBI surveys of compact radio sources.
	www.mpifr-bonn.mpg.de /staff/wsherwood/publications02.html (6554 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		VLBI and Merlin observations of 3C 120 at 1.7 GHz - superluminal motions beyond 0.05 arcsec
		Kinematics of the parsec-scale relativistic jet in 3C 345
		Detection of superluminal motion in the core-dominated quasar 0106 + 013
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/searchresults.jsp?Author=Unwin,+S.C. (184 words)

	Moses Fayngold - Publications - NJIT
		The "electric piston" effect and particle acceleration in a superluminal focus with axial symmetry
		On the breach of total internal symmetry in superluminal motions
		(A chapter from the book: "The speed of light and superluminal velocities", prepared for publication)
	web.njit.edu /~fayngold/publications.html (347 words)

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