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	supermassive black hole
		The energy generated by the jets that accompany the growth of the supermassive fl hole eventually brings the in-fall of matter and the growth of the galaxy to a halt.
		If the accretion disk of the central fl hole is well supplied with matter falling in from the immediate surroundings of the galactic nucleus, then it will generate large amounts of energy together with powerful jets of radiation in both directions along the rotation axis of the fl hole.
		Supermassive fl holes and their associated accretion disks were particularly big energy producers in the early universe when galaxies were still young and their inner regions well stocked with material that could feed the central engine.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/S/supermassive_black_hole.html (619 words)

	Supermassive black hole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The process of transporting this angular momentum outwards appears to be the constraining factor in fl hole growth, and leads to the formation of accretion disks.
		Such supermassive fl holes in the center of many galaxies are thought to be the "engine" of active objects such as Seyfert galaxies and quasars.
		This manifests as a correlation between the mass of the spheroid (the bulge of spiral galaxies, and the whole galaxy for ellipticals) and the mass of the supermassive fl hole.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Supermassive_black_hole (944 words)

	Supermassive black hole (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A supermassive fl hole is a fl hole with a mass in the range of millions or billions solar mass es.
		Black holes of this size can only form in two ways: by slow accretion of matter (starting from a stellar size), or directly from external pressure in the first instants of Big Bang.
		Such supermassive fl holes in the center of many galaxies are thought to be the "engine" of active objects such as seyfert galaxies and quasar s.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Supermassive_black_hole.html (657 words)

	Supermassive Black Holes
		It is thought that the jets are powered by a gargantuan fl hole of perhaps a billion solar masses, and that the ring in the Hubble image is an accretion disk feeding the fl hole.
		It is now believed that many galaxies have supermassive fl holes at their centers, and that whether such galaxies are active galaxies is a question of whether mass is being fed into these fl holes.
		The simplest ideas for the origin of such supermassive fl holes are that they are conglomerations of many star-size fl holes that were formed during the history of a galaxy, or perhaps that galaxies formed around large fl holes that then grew by accreting matter.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr162/lect/active/smblack.html (995 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Supermassive black hole at core of skinny galaxy
		Scientists have uncovered a supermassive fl hole at the core of a svelte, spiral galaxy, a finding that questions a recently devised rule of thumb in which only galaxies with bulging cores have such fl holes.
		Supermassive fl holes typically range from millions to billions of times the mass of the Sun, dwarfing the more common stellar fl holes that are created by the runaway gravitational collapse of the cores of massive stars.
		This means that the fl hole mass/velocity dispersion relation may apply even on scales of relatively small star clusters that contain a central, relatively light, supermassive fl hole, Ho said.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0304/12blackhole (971 words)

	Skinny galaxy has supermassive black hole at core, just like bulging galaxies
		"The supermassive fl hole in NGC 4395 is the smallest one yet found in the center of a galaxy," said Filippenko.
		Supermassive fl holes typically range from millions to billions of times the mass of the Sun, dwarfing the more common stellar fl holes that are created by the runaway gravitational collapse of the cores of massive stars.
		This means that the fl hole mass/velocity dispersion relation may apply even on scales of relatively small star clusters that contain a central, relatively light, supermassive fl hole, Ho said.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-04/uoc--sgh041003.php (669 words)

	Spin of Supermassive Black Holes Measured for First Time :: University Communications Newsdesk, University of Maryland
		The fl hole for which they have the best data is found at the center of the galaxy MCG-06-30-15.
		Their analysis indicates that this fl hole is spinning very fast indeed, at least 98.7 percent of the maximum possible spin rate allowed by Einstein's Theory of General Relativity.
		Supermassive fl holes have masses that are hundreds of thousands to billions of times that of the Sun.
	www.newsdesk.umd.edu /scitech/release.cfm?ArticleID=1447 (530 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Horizon - Supermassive Black Holes
		Supermassive fl holes are so extraordinary that until recently, many people doubted that they existed at all.
		Rather than being destructive parasites, it seems that supermassive fl holes may be essential in the very creation of the galaxies they live in.
		The supermassive fl hole in our own galaxy may be the reason we exist, but recent work suggests it may also be our end.
	www.bbc.co.uk /science/horizon/2000/massivebholes.shtml (717 words)

	BBC - Science & Nature - Horizon - Supermassive Black Holes
		The properties were clearly related: the bigger the fl hole, the faster the speed of the stars at the edge of the galaxy.
		This would cause the gas around the fl hole and its newly formed quasar to condense into stars, which means, in effect, that the fl hole could have helped to trigger the birth of the galaxy.
		Supermassive fl holes are really the fundamental constituent of galaxies and they have to be taken into account.
	www.bbc.co.uk /science/horizon/2000/massivebholes_transcript.shtml (5377 words)

	[No title]
		Astronomers believe that supermassive fl holes (affectionately dubbed "monsters") are feeding on unwary stars and gas that pass too close to the centre.
		Supermassive fl holes in galaxy centres are a different breed from fl holes discovered a few years ago by other DAO astronomers.
		Supermassive fl holes are remnants of the evolution of clusters of stars.
	chandra.as.utexas.edu /~kormendy/m31-bh.html (574 words)

	Discovery Channel :: News : Huge Black Holes on Collision Course (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The billion-star devouring fl holes are the first to be found on such a cosmically cataclysmic death spiral and may help explain how the most monstrous fl holes in the universe are created: by cannibalism.
		Both fl holes are so large they could only have been created at the centers of two galaxies, just like the supermassive fl hole at the center of the Milky Way.
		The two fl holes would stay apart and theoretically orbit each other forever if it were not for the many stars in their midst, he said.
	dsc.discovery.com /news/briefs/20060417/blackhole_spa.html (620 words)

	Supermassive black hole
		This assumes, however, that the singularity at the center of a supermassive fl hole is not a zero-dimensional object.
		By putting a fl hole into a familiar environment like a desk, one may experience what `curvature of space' means in a new way, understanding the cosmological effects of light bending and gravitational lenses from this playground.
		Article on the "fl hole" in the first part of the Book of Mormon, and concludes that by even LDS definitions there is irrefutable proof that the Book of Mormon is not the ancient text it claims to be.
	www.omniknow.com /common/wiki.php?in=en&term=SMBH (2004 words)

	Chapter 31: Black Holes
		Black holes are objects so dense and with a gravitational potential so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape the pull if it ventures too close.
		Black holes are invisible, yet the gas and dust falling into a fl hole are heated to high temperatures and glow furiously.
		Perhaps counter-intuitive, however, is the fl hole theory predicting that the inner ring of an accretion disk is hotter in small, stellar-mass fl holes compared to supermassive fl holes.
	www.williams.edu /Astronomy/jay/chapter31_etu6.html (1968 words)

	Chandra :: Field Guide to X-ray Sources :: Supermassive Black Holes
		Supermassive fl holes with the mass of many millions of stars are thought to lie at the center of most large
		One idea is that an individual starlike fl hole forms and swallows up enormous amounts of matter over the course of millions of years to produce a supermassive fl hole.
		The energy generated by the jets that accompany the growth of the supermassive fl hole eventually brings the infall of matter and the growth of the galaxy to a halt.
	chandra.harvard.edu /xray_sources/blackholes_sm.html (310 words)

	Space Today Online - Sagittarius A supermassive black hole
		That led the team of astronomers to estimate that 10,000 or more fl holes and neutron stars are swarming around Sagittarius A. That central region of our Milky Way galaxy has been described as a stellar graveyard because of the dense clutch of dead and dying stars.
		The center of a fl hole is a singularity.
		Astronomers believe a fl hole forms when a supermassive object – a dying giant star – collapses in on itself to form a very small point of infinite gravity.
	www.spacetoday.org /DeepSpace/Stars/BlackHoles/MilkyWayBlackHoles.html (642 words)

	Proto supermassive binary black hole detected in X-rays
		As the two fl holes stream through the gas at supersonic velocities, the jets are bent toward the top of the image.
		Each fl hole is located at the centre of its respective host galaxy and the host galaxies appear to be merging.
		Since the bending of the jets due to this motion is in the same direction, it suggests that the two fl holes are travelling along the same path within the cluster and are therefore gravitationally bound.
	www.physorg.com /news63547401.html (764 words)

	JPL.NASA.GOV: News Releases
		Supermassive fl holes in some giant galaxies create such a hostile environment, they shut down the formation of new stars, according to NASA Galaxy Evolution Explorer findings published in the August 24 issue of Nature.
		Because bigger galaxies are known to have bigger fl holes, astronomers believe the fl holes are responsible for the lack of youthful stars.
		Black holes are monstrous heaps of dense matter at the centers of galaxies.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /news/news.cfm?release=2006-101 (667 words)

	Monster black hole found escaping home galaxy - space - 29 April 2008 - New Scientist Space
		In some cases, that may be enough to kick the fl hole right out of the merged galaxy.
		Quasars are extremely bright, compact objects thought to be galaxies in which a supermassive fl hole is feeding at a prodigious rate and glowing brightly as a result.
		The result is just what one would expect if the fl hole had undergone a recent merger that kicked it out of the galaxy at high speed, carrying some of the galaxy's matter along with it, they say.
	space.newscientist.com /article/dn13803-monster-black-hole-found-escaping-home-galaxy.html (1325 words)

	Black Hole Mayhem
		As it neared the enormous gravity of the fl hole, the star was stretched by tidal forces until it was torn apart.
		Supermassive fl holes in the centers of galaxies are familiar to astronomers.
		Black Hole Snacks -- (Science@NASA) NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory has spotted a curious outburst from our galaxy's core -- a sign that the Milky Way's central fl hole may be snacking on its neighbors.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2004/18feb_mayhem.htm (731 words)

	Supermassive Black Hole Group
		It has long been known that the masses of supermassive fl holes correlate roughly with the luminosities of their host galaxies - bigger galaxies have bigger fl holes, on average.
		The figure at right shows a much more striking correlation: fl hole masses are very well predicted by the velocity dispersion, or ``temperature," of the stars in their host galaxies.
		All galaxies appear to contain supermassive fl holes, and all galaxies are believed to have formed through mergers.
	www.rit.edu /~drmsps/theory.htm (184 words)

	Discovery Channel :: News :: Supermassive Black Hole Confirmed (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The existence of the fl hole at the center of Andromeda has been suspected for decades, he said.
		It's the rate of the rotation of those stars about the fl hole that helps the researchers to calculate the approximate mass of the fl hole.
		In all, there are about 35 other galaxies with suspected supermassive fl holes at their center, said Kormendy.
	dsc.discovery.com /news/briefs/20050919/andromeda.html (504 words)

	NASA - Black Hole
		The fundamental descriptions of fl holes are based on equations in the theory of general relativity developed by the German-born physicist Albert Einstein.
		The gravitational force is strong near a fl hole because all the fl hole's matter is concentrated at a single point in its center.
		To prove that a compact object is a fl hole, scientists would have to measure effects that only a fl hole could produce.
	www.nasa.gov /worldbook/blackhole_worldbook.html (794 words)

	Supermassive Black Hole Group
		Massive fl holes (100 to 1000 million times more massive than our Sun) are supposed to be fed by material whirling in flattened disks and are also believed to be lurking in the center of massive galaxies like NGC 4261...
		In galaxies without disks of gas or dust, fl holes can still be detected by their effect on the motions of stars.
		The plot shows the signature of the fl hole in the dwarf galaxy M32 as observed by C. Joseph, D. Merritt and collaborators.This is the strongest, stellar-dynamical evidence from the Hubble Space Telescope for the existence of supermassive fl holes.
	www.rit.edu /~drmsps/hst.htm (243 words)

	John Kormendy: Monsters in Galactic Nuclei
		Matter that is falling into a fl hole accelerates closer and closer to the speed of light as it approaches the horizon.
		Supermassive fl holes have now been found in elliptical galaxies and in galaxies that contain both a bulge and a disk but not in galaxies that consist only of a disk.
		The alternative -- that bigger fl holes cause a galaxy to be more collapsed -- is less likely, because bigger fl holes would power brighter quasars; their radiation would push on the protogalactic gas and would tend to make it collapse less, not more.
	chandra.as.utexas.edu /~kormendy/stardate.html (4720 words)

	NASA - Chandra Sees Remarkable Eclipse of Black Hole
		The supermassive fl hole is located in NGC 1365, a galaxy 60 million light years from Earth.
		Scientists believe that the fl hole at the center of the AGN is fed by a steady stream of material, presumably in the form of a disk.
		The disk of gas around the central fl hole in NGC 1365 produces copious X-rays but is much too small to resolve directly with a telescope.
	www.nasa.gov /mission_pages/chandra/news/07-043.html (618 words)

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