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Topic: Supernova 1604

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	Supernova article - Supernova explosion star celestial sphere Latin prefix nova space hydrogen - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Supernovae involve the expulsion of a star's outer layers; filling the surrounding space with hydrogen and helium (along with other elements); the debris eventually forms clouds of dust and gas.
		The 1604 supernova was used by Galileo as evidence against the Aristotelian dogma of his period, that the heavens never changed.
		Supernovae tend to enrich the surrounding interstellar medium with metals (that for astronomers, are all the elements after helium).
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Supernova (1861 words)

	SN 1604 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Supernova 1604, also known as Kepler's Supernova or Kepler's Star, was a supernova in the Milky Way, in the constellation Ophiuchus.
		It was the second supernova to be observed in a generation (after SN 1572 seen by Tycho Brahe in Cassiopeia).
		The supernova remnant resulting from this supernova is considered to be one of the "prototypical" objects of its kind, and is still an object of much study in astronomy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Supernova_1604 (251 words)

	Supernova - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Supernova explosions are the main source of all the elements heavier than oxygen, and they are the only source of many important elements.
		Supernovae generate tremendous temperatures, and under the right conditions, the fusion reactions that take place during the peak moments of a supernova can produce some of the heaviest elements like californium.
		Supernovae tend to enrich the surrounding interstellar medium with metals (for astronomers, metals are all the elements after helium).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Supernova (3131 words)

	supernova 1604 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As of this writing, it is the last supernova to have been observed in our own galaxy, occurring at approximately 6 kiloparsecs from Earth.
		A "naked-eye" supernova, it was brighter at its peak than any other star in the night sky, with apparent magnitude -2.5.
		It was the second supernova to be observed in a generation (after that seen by Tycho Brahe in Cassiopeia in 1572).
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /supernova_1604.html (271 words)

	supernova. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Supernovas are the principal distributors of heavy elements throughout the universe; all elements heavier than iron are produced in supernovas.
		Supernovas also are the principal heat source for interstellar matter and may be a source of cosmic rays.
		Supernovas can occur in that small percentage of stars having a mass greater than 8 to 10 times the mass of the sun and perhaps in certain binary stars.
	www.bartleby.com /65/su/supernov.html (679 words)

	Supernova - Wikipedia
		Supernovae vom Typ Ib oder Ic durchlaufen vor der Explosion eine Wolf-Rayet-Sternphase, in der sie ihre äußeren, noch wasserstoffreichen Schichten in Form eines Sternwinds abstoßen.
		Eine Supernova in der Nähe belebter Planeten (Umkreis circa 50 Lichtjahre) hätte aufgrund der Strahlung verheerende Auswirkungen auf das dortige Leben.
		Thermonukleare Supernovae vom Typ Ia Schematische Entwicklung der Vorgänger zur SN Typ Ia Eine Supernova vom Typ Ia entsteht nach dem derzeit bevorzugten Modell nur in Doppelsternsystemen, in denen der eine Stern ein Weißer Zwerg, der andere ein roter Riesenstern ist.
	de.wikipedia.org /wiki/Supernova (2382 words)

	SPACE.com -- The Last Supernova: 400-Year-Old Explosion Imaged
		Spotting such supernovas in advance would be a boon to astronomers, who do not fully understand the death throes of a dying star.
		Kepler's supernova remnant is just one of several under study.
		Because the supernova is 13,000 light-years away, it took 13,000 years for light from the exploded star to reach Earth.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/super_photo_041006.html (1104 words)

	SUPERNOVAE - Cordell-Lorenz Observatory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		SUPERNOVA Encyclopædia Britannica Article plural supernovas, or supernovae, any of a class of violently exploding stars whose luminosity after eruption suddenly increases millions or even billions of times its normal level.
		When a star “goes supernova,” considerable amounts of its matter, equaling the material of several Suns, may be blasted into space with such a burst of energy as to enable the exploding star to outshine its entire home galaxy.
		Type I supernovas may be up to three times brighter than Type II; they also differ from Type II supernovas in that their spectra contain no hydrogen lines and they expand about twice as rapidly.
	www.sewanee.edu /Physics/OBSERVATORY/astronomy/WWW/Supernovae.htm (1062 words)

	Supernova 1604 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Supernova 1604, also known as Kepler's Supernova or Kepler's Star, was a supernova in the Milky Way, inthe constellation Ophiuchus.
		A"naked-eye" supernova, it was brighter at its peak than any other star in the night sky, with apparent magnitude -2.5.
		The supernova remnant resulting from this supernova isconsidered to be one of the "prototypical" objects of its kind, and is still an object of much study in astronomy.
	www.therfcc.org /supernova-1604-33658.html (219 words)

	Supernovae
		These supernovae occur at the end of a massive star's lifetime, when its nuclear fuel is exhausted and it is no longer supported by the release of nuclear energy.
		The last nearby supernova explosion occurred in 1680, It was thought to be just a normal star at the time, but it caused a discrepancy in the observer's star catalogue which historians finally resolved 300 years later, after the supernova remnant (Cassiopeia A) was discovered and its age estimated.
		Supernova 1987A, which is shown at the top of the page, is close enough to continuously observe as it changes over time thus greatly expanding astronomers' understanding of this fascinating phenomenon.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/science/know_l2/supernovae.html (1211 words)

	Hubble Heritage
		On the night of October 9, 1604, sky watchers looking at a rare clustering of Mars, Jupiter and Saturn, were amazed by the appearance of a "new star" as bright as the planets.
		There is a fast-moving shell of iron-rich material surrounded by the primary shock wave from the supernova, expanding at 4 million miles per hour (2000 kilometers per second) that is sweeping up gas and dust from the surrounding medium.
		There are two different types of supernovas: one formed by the thermonuclear explosion of an accreting white dwarf star, and the other formed by the rebound explosion following the collapse of the core of a massive star.
	heritage.stsci.edu /2004/29/caption.html (531 words)

	Supernova 1604 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As of this writing it is last supernova to have been observed in own galaxy occurring at approximately 6 kiloparsecs from Earth.
		A "naked-eye" supernova it brighter at its peak than any other in the night sky with apparent magnitude -2.5.
		It was the second supernova to be in a generation (after that seen by Tycho Brahe in Cassiopeia in 1572).
	www.freeglossary.com /Kepler%27s_Star (573 words)

	Supernova 1604 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Supernova, USS The USS Supernova is the prototype of the new Supernova class strike carrier, based on the Nebula class ships.
		TV Guide Online: Supernova Includes a brief review as well as cast and crew information.
		Metacritic.com - Supernova A cross-section of reviews from the country's top critics, crystallized in a metascore.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Supernova_1604.html (345 words)

	supernova -> Distribution of Supernovas on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Une supernova Une équipe internationale d'astrophysiciens a pu, grâce au télescope spatial américain Hubble, établir un li.
		This X-ray image of the supernova remnant E0102-72 shows an expanding multimillion degree ring of oxygen that was created deep inside a massive star and hurled into space by the explosion of the star.
		The red, green, and blue regions in this Chandra X-ray image of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A show where the intensity of low, medium, and high energy X rays, respectively, is greatest.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/supernov_distributionofsupernovas.asp (663 words)

	supernova (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		of Kepler's Supernova, SN 1604.]] A supernova is a type of stellar explosion which appears to result in the creation of a new star upon the celestial sphere.
		The farthest single object ever detected in the universe (galaxies or globular clusters do not count) was a Type Ia supernova located billions of light-years away.
		1604 – Supernova (Kepler's Star) in Ophiuchus, observed by Johannes Kepler; last supernova to be observed in the Milky Way
	33beat.com /supernova.html (2301 words)

	Supernova Remnant (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		There are two possible routes to this end: either a massive star may cease to generate fusion energy in its core, and collapse inward under the force of its own gravity, or a white dwarf star may accumulate material from a companion star until it reaches a critical mass and undergoes a similar collapse.
		Perhaps the most famous and best-observed supernova remnant is Supernova 1987a, the newly formed remnant of a supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
		A few other well-known supernova remnants are the Crab Nebula, a remnant of a relatively recent explosion (AD 1054); Tycho, a remnant named after Tycho Brahe, who recorded the brightness of its original explosion (AD 1572); and Kepler's SNR (Supernova 1604), named after Johannes Kepler.
	www.wikiverse.org /supernova-remnant (424 words)

	Science News: Explosive tales: a modern look at two old supernovas
		The 1604 explosion remains a landmark, even though modern telescopes have observed the birth of dozens of supernovas.
		In the vicinity of the remnant of the 1604 supernova, the dense pockets of gas ejected during the star's lifetime play the role of vinegar, while the oil is played by the lower-density material propelled into space by the supernova explosion itself.
		A white dwarf becomes a supernova by pulling in a fresh supply of hydrogen gas either from an aging, bloated companion star or from another white dwarf with which the core has merged.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_24_166/ai_n12417199 (1480 words)

	Supernova
		While many supernovae have been seen in nearby galaxies, they are relatively rare events in our own galaxy.
		There are, however, many remnants of Supernovae explosions in our galaxy, that are seen as X-ray shell like structures caused by the shock wave propagating out into the interstellar medium.
		The set of small GIF images used to create the supernova inline animation is available.
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/snr.html (244 words)

	RedNova - Reference Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Supernova 1987a -- Supernova 1987a was a supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a nearby dwarf galaxy.
		This was the first time neutrinos emitted from a supernova had been directly observed, and this detection was consistent with theoretical supernova models, in which most of the energy of the collapse is radiated away in neutrinos.
		The supernova remnant formed by debris from SN 1987a is one of the most-studied astronomical objects today.
	www.rednova.com /education/reference_library?article_id=70 (392 words)

	Ophiuchus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The most important historical event in Ophiuchus was the Supernova 1604, also named Kepler's Supernova, whose explosion was first observerd on October 9, 1604, near θ Ophiuchi.
		Johannes Kepler saw it first on October 16, but studied it so extensively that the supernova was subsequently named after him.
		It occurred only 32 years after another supernova in Cassiopeia that had been observed by Tycho Brahe; the last supernova before then had occurred in 1054 (see Crab Nebula), and after Kepler's no further supernovae were observed until 1987 (see Supernova 1987a.)
	www.lighthousepoint.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Ophiuchus (963 words)

	Independent, The (London): Science & Technology: A light to guide us
		The only solitary stars that go supernova are much more massive stars than the Sun at the end of their lives - Type II supernovae.
		This is not unprecedented; of the six historical supernovae in the past 1,000 years, two others - the supernova of 1006 and Tycho's star of 1572 - have revealed no relic.
		If supernova 1604 was a Type II supernova, as van den Bergh believed, it should have left a relic - most probably a super-dense "neutron star".
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_200412/ai_n12825110 (1454 words)

	1604 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		1601 1602 1603 - 1604 - 1605 1606 1607
		As of this writing, this was the last supernova to be observed in the Milky Way.
		England concludes the Treaty of London with Spain, ending its involvement in the Eighty Years' War.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /1604.html (226 words)

	APOD: 2004 October 8 - Kepler's SNR from Chandra, Hubble, Spitzer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Explanation: Light from the stellar explosion that created this energized cosmic cloud was first seen on planet Earth in October 1604, a mere four hundred years ago.
		It was studied by astronomer Johannes Kepler and his contemporaries, with out the benefit of a telescope, as they searched for an explanation of the heavenly apparition.
		Kepler's supernova represents the most recent stellar explosion seen to occur within our Milky Way galaxy.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap041008.html (187 words)

	Supernovae, Neutron Stars & Pulsars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Type I and II supernovae can be distinguished by their light curves and spectral emission lines.
		A supernova explosion may for a short period of time shine as brightly as the hundreds of billions of stars in its galaxy.
		SN1987A was the first "nearby" supernova of the modern era and the closest supernova since Kepler's supernova in 1604.
	cassfos02.ucsd.edu /public/tutorial/SN.html (1867 words)

	SUPERNOVA 1987A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Die Supernova 1987A war die erdnaheste Supernova seit der Supernova 1604.
		Dies war die erste Neutrino-Messung an einer Supernova und bestätigte theoretische Modelle, in denen große Teile der Energie einer Supernova in Form von Neutrinos abgestrahlt werden.
		Da außerdem nur ein Observatorium ihren Zeitmesser des Detektors mit einer Atomuhr synchronisiert hatte, konnte nicht durch Vergleich der Zeitmarken beider Observatorien festgestellt werden, ob die Neutrinos mit Lichtgeschwindigkeit oder etwas langsamer reisten.
	www.toonorama.com /encyclopedia/S/Supernova_1987A (171 words)

	Space Today Online -- Chinese Astronomy
		The supernova explosion was witnessed in the area of Earth's sky where today we see an expanding gas cloud that we call Crab Nebula.
		A bright supernova explosion, visible to the naked eye in the constellation Ophiuchus in October 1604, was discovered by astronomers in China as well as in Korea and Europe.
		The 1604 supernova is referred to as Kepler's Star after the astronomer who determined its position.
	www.spacetoday.org /China/ChinaAstronomy.html (882 words)

	Supernovae in the News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Astronomers believe that about a million years before the supernova, the star lost most of its outer layers through a slow-moving wind of particles.
		Pristine mineral grains that formed in an ancient supernova explosion were among other extraterrestrial dust plucked by high-flying NASA research aircraft from Earth's upper atmosphere after they were delivered to Earth by a comet or primitive asteroid.
		Astronomers have found a bright blue companion star to an exploded supernova, a stellar survivor to one of the most violent eruptions in the universe.
	www.crystalinks.com /supernovanews1.html (429 words)

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