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Topic: Supernova 1987a

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	Supernova - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Supernova explosions are the main source of all the elements heavier than oxygen, and they are the only source of many important elements.
		The neutrinos produced by a supernova have been actually observed in the case of Supernova 1987A leading astronomers to conclude that the core collapse picture is basically correct.
		Supernovae tend to enrich the surrounding interstellar medium with metals (for astronomers, metals are all the elements after helium).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Supernova (3131 words)

	SN 1987A - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		SN 1987A was a supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a nearby dwarf galaxy.
		This was the first time neutrinos emitted from a supernova had been observed directly, and the observations were consistent with theoretical supernova models in which most of the energy of the collapse is radiated away in neutrinos.
		SN 1987A appears to be a core-collapse supernova which results in a neutron star.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Supernova_1987a (581 words)

	Supernova 1987 A
		Supernova 1987 A (SN 1987A) was the brightest supernova in Earth's night sky since Kepler's "star" of 1604.
		It was a photometically and spectroscopically, atypical type-II supernova was underluminous with a slow decline and unexpected color evolution, which may have been due to its progenitor star being from a low-metallicity stellar population (L.
		In the case of SN 1987A, astronomers have not as yet determine which type of stellar remnant was left behind because of obscuring debris from the supernova explosion.
	www.solstation.com /x-objects/sn1987a.htm (1057 words)

	Supernova remnant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		There are two possible routes to this end: either a massive star may cease to generate fusion energy in its core, and collapse inward under the force of its own gravity, or a white dwarf star may accumulate material from a companion star until it reaches a critical mass and undergoes a thermonuclear explosion.
		Perhaps the most famous and best-observed supernova remnant is SN 1987A, the newly formed remnant of a supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
		A few other well-known supernova remnants are the Crab Nebula, a remnant of a relatively recent explosion (AD 1054); Tycho, a remnant named after Tycho Brahe, who recorded the brightness of its original explosion (AD 1572); and Kepler's SNR (SN 1604), named after Johannes Kepler.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Supernova_remnant (328 words)

	Supernova 1987a (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The progenitor star is identified as being an 18 solar mass B3 supergiant that, having exhausted its nuclear fuel, imploded its core and ejected its outer layers.
		Standard models of the supernova event predict that neutrinos are emitted in a burst at the moment of core collapse when electron-positron pairs, produced by the high energy gamma rays present at such enormous temperatures and densities, are themselves annihilated.
		Because the neutrinos are emitted at the very first instant of the supernova event, the neutrino burst should precede the detection of the increase in optical luminosity, which itself takes place when the resultant shock wave travels outward through the star from the core, at a velocity less than the speed of light.
	astrosun.tn.cornell.edu /academics/courses/astro201/sn_1987a.htm (286 words)

	supernova. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Supernovas are the principal distributors of heavy elements throughout the universe; all elements heavier than iron are produced in supernovas.
		Supernovas also are the principal heat source for interstellar matter and may be a source of cosmic rays.
		Supernovas can occur in that small percentage of stars having a mass greater than 8 to 10 times the mass of the sun and perhaps in certain binary stars.
	www.bartleby.com /65/su/supernov.html (679 words)

	The XMM Newton Satellite Schoolpage
		Supernovae are one of the most energetic explosions in nature, making them like a 1028 megaton bomb (i.e., a few octillion nuclear warheads).
		Supernova 1987A is close enough to continuously observe as it changes over time thus greatly expanding astronomers' understanding of this fascinating phenomenon.
		A supernova explosion will occur when there is no longer enough fuel for the fusion process in the core of the star to create an outward pressure which combats the inward gravitational pull of the star's great mass.
	www.sr.bham.ac.uk /xmm/supernova.html (1036 words)

	SN 1987A -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		SN 1987A was a (A star that explodes and becomes extremely luminous in the process) supernova in the (The larger of the two Magellanic Clouds visible from the southern hemisphere) Large Magellanic Cloud, a nearby (Click link for more info and facts about dwarf galaxy) dwarf galaxy.
		Model studies indicate that 99% of the energy radiated by supernovae is in the form of (An elementary particle with zero charge and zero mass) neutrinos.
		Sanduleak -69° 202, the precursor to SN 1987A was a (Click link for more info and facts about blue supergiant) blue supergiant presumed to have a mass of about 20 (Click link for more info and facts about solar mass) solar masses.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sn/sn_1987a2.htm (563 words)

	Supernova 1987A (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1987 a supernova (designated SN1987A by astronomers) was observed in a nearby galaxy called the Large Magellanic Cloud.
		This was the first "nearby" supernova in the last 3 centuries, and for the first time astronomers not only observed the light show, but also detected 19 of the elusive neutrinos (the detectors observed electron anti-neutrinos, to be more precise) produced by the collapse of the star's core.
		It is rather certain that the rings result from something that the star did before it became a supernova, probably associated with the strong stellar winds expected in such stars that emit large amounts of matter into space.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr162/lect/supernovae/sn87a.html (307 words)

	ipedia.com: Supernova 1987a Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Supernova 1987a was a supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a nearby dwarf galaxy.
		As the first supernova discovered in 1987, it was labeled "1987a." Its brightness peaked in May with a apparent magnitude of about 3 and slowly declined in the following months.
		The precursor to SN 1987a was a blue supergiant presumed to have a mass of about 20 solar masses.
	www.ipedia.com /supernova_1987a.html (574 words)

	Ejecta From Supernova 1987a Lights Up Circumstellar Ring
		Supernovae ejecta from SN1987A have finally begun to collide with a shell of gas blown out by the star some 30,000 years earlier.
		The impact of the supernova ejecta with gas in the cool ring heats the gas from approximately 5,000 degrees to 25,000, producing the emission detected by the Bouchet et al.
		Supernova 1987A is located in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), a dwarf galaxy that is a satellite to our Milky Way Galaxy, and is located at a distance of some 167,000 light years.
	www.noao.edu /outreach/press/pr0002.html (845 words)

	AAVSO: SN 1987A, March 2001 Variable Star Of The Month
		Observationally, supernovae are classified into two main types (type I and II), depending on the presence or absence of hydrogen lines in the maximum light optical spectra of the supernovae.
		Type I supernovae are found to occur in elliptical galaxies, and in the bulges and halos of spiral galaxies whereas Type II explosions are observed in the spiral arms of galaxies where massive stars are found.
		Supernova 1987A is classified as a Type II supernova.
	www.aavso.org /vstar/vsots/0301.shtml (3108 words)

	Supernovae
		These supernovae occur at the end of a massive star's lifetime, when its nuclear fuel is exhausted and it is no longer supported by the release of nuclear energy.
		The last nearby supernova explosion occurred in 1680, It was thought to be just a normal star at the time, but it caused a discrepancy in the observer's star catalogue which historians finally resolved 300 years later, after the supernova remnant (Cassiopeia A) was discovered and its age estimated.
		Supernova 1987A, which is shown at the top of the page, is close enough to continuously observe as it changes over time thus greatly expanding astronomers' understanding of this fascinating phenomenon.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/science/know_l2/supernovae.html (1211 words)

	SUPERNOVA 1987A
		In the case of Supernova 1987a we have the blossoming of the single eye, the third eye.
		This will serve to provide compelling evidence that Supernova 1987a is the same as the pineal gland of the brain, on fire, and that now is the time of Cosmic Kundalini, or the great awakening.
		I am proposing to you that Supernova 1987a is the same as the pineal gland or signal eye of the brain, and that as the pineal brings forth individual Kundalini and enlightenment, Supernova 1987a will bring forth cosmic Kundalini and enlightenment.
	hiddenmeanings.com /Supernova1987a4.html (3402 words)

	The SN 1987A Story
		Supernova 1987A exploded on 1987 February 23, in the Large Magellanic Cloud.
		As shown in the Heritage image, the supernova remnant (the almost star-like object in the center) is surrounded by inner and outer ring structures, with the whole object set within huge clouds of diffuse emitting gas.
		This three-color image was constructed from several Hubble images of the supernova and its surroundings, taken over several years and through five different color filters (B, V, R, ionized oxygen, and hydrogen-alpha) that blend together for a breathtaking view.
	heritage.stsci.edu /1999/04/sn1987anino.html (1517 words)

	Supernova 1987a Article, Supernova1987a Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Approximately three hours before the visible light from SN 1987A reached the Earth, a burst of neutrinos was observed at twoseparate neutrino observatories (Kamiokande and IMB).
		This was the first time neutrinos emitted from a supernova had been observed directly, and the observationswere consistent with theoretical supernova models in which most of the energy of the collapse is radiated away in neutrinos.
		The precursor to SN 1987A was a blue supergiant presumed to have amass of about 20 solar masses.
	www.anoca.org /neutrinos/sn/supernova_1987a.html (448 words)

	Supernova 1987a (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The discovery of Supernova 1987A was a great opportunity for detailed observation of the dynamics of a supernova.
		This supernova was unusual in that it did not rise abruptly to its maximum brightness, but paused briefly before increasing its luminosity by another factor of ten.
		Almost coincident with the observation of the supernova, a burst of neutrinos were observed on the Earth, providing further information for modeling supernovae and providing another test for the mass of the neutrino.
	hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu /hbase/astro/sn87a.html (266 words)

	physics central physics in action - neutrino astrophysics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Photographed in 1987, and named 1987A, it was the first supernova visible to the naked eye since early in the seventeenth century.
		Astrophysicists have predicted that a supernova explosion would produce a sharp pulse of neutrinos, the elusive uncharged particles that move at or near the speed of light.
		The supernova described here, produced in the death of a large star, is called a Type II supernova.
	www.physicscentral.com /action/action-01-1-print.html (830 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		We have learned a great deal from supernova 1987A and it continues to be a widely researched subject.
		Supernovae light curves had long been theorized to be powered by the decay of radioactive nuclei produced in the explosion.
		SN 1987A represented the first time certain spectral lines corresponding to the radioactive decay of cobalt were detected.
	faculty.luther.edu /~wilkerje/supernova.html (432 words)

	l7body (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		This was a surprise: the supernova debris was expanding with velocities of thousands of kilometers per second; yet, the ultraviolet emission lines were narrow, indicating expansion velocities of less than 10 km/s.
		We simulated the impact of the supernova debris with the inner ring by solving the equations of gas dynamics on a supercomputer.
		In a Type I supernova, the surface explosion is powerful enough to ignite a thermonuclear explosion of the carbon/oxygen core of the white dwarf, and the entire star blows apart.
	super.colorado.edu /~astr1020/l6body.html (6688 words)

	Radio supernovae & supernova remnants (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Supernova 1987A is the only supernova visible to the naked eye to explode nearby in the 400 years since the invention of the telescope.
		Supernova remnants (SNRs) - the products of a supernova seen long after (100-100,000 years) the explosion itself - are most easily detected as a result of their radio emission.
		It is the only visible supernova to explode nearby in the 400 years since the invention of the telescope.
	www.physics.usyd.edu.au /rcfta/anrep93/node20.html (1071 words)

	Supernova 1987A in the Large Magellanic Cloud
		Supernova 1987A was the nearest observed supernova since Kepler's Supernova of 1604, which occured before the invention of the telescope.
		Supernova 1987A, peculiar and of type II, was one of the most interesting objects for the astrophysicists in the 1980s (some even say of this century).
		In the image displayed here, superimposed to the AAT image of supernova 1987A, taken shortly after its occurrance and two month before it reached its maximum brightness, is an older negative of the region immediately around the supernova, so that the progenitor star can be identified (as Sanduleak -69 202).
	www.seds.org /messier/xtra/ngc/lmc_sn1987A.html (328 words)

	Supernova 1987A
		A Type II supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) discovered on Feb. 24, 1987; it was the first naked-eye supernova since 1604 and reached a peak brilliance, on May 20, 1987, of magnitude 2.9.
		Contrary to expectations that Type II supernovae always involve red supergiants, the progenitor star of 1987A was found to be a much smaller 18-M
		One explanation for the unexpectedly small size of the progenitor is connected with the LMC’s lower abundance of heavy elements, notably oxygen.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/S/supernova_1987A.html (209 words)

	Curious About Astronomy? Supernovae
		The brightness of supernovae relative to other night sky objects is demonstrated in these "before and after" images.
		At its peak luminosity, the supernova resulting from a single star may be bright enough to outshine an entire galaxy.
		We believe that almost all of the elements in the Universe that are heavier than hydrogen and helium are created either in the centres of stars during their lifetimes or in the supernova explosions that mark the demise of larger stars.
	curious.astro.cornell.edu /supernovae.php (1005 words)

	Nearby Supernova Found in Radioactive Sea Sediments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Supernova explosions are rare; no supernovae have been seen in our Galaxy for more than 200 years.
		The key to "supernova archaeology" was found by Ellis, Fields, and Schramm (1996), who considered the impact of a supernova on the Earth.
		The new results are used to determine the supernova distance, and to probe supernova nuclear reactions, in Fields, Hochmuth, and Ellis The Astrophysical Journal 621, 902-907 (2005) [astro-ph/0410525].
	www.astro.uiuc.edu /~bdfields/NearbySN.html (1368 words)

	Supernova 1987a
		It was the most luminous supernova recorded since Kepler's star of 1604 and the first since then to have been observed in the Milky Way complex.
		We present models for the hydrodynamics of the impact of the envelope of SN 1987A with its inner circumstellar ring and for the resulting X-ray spectra and light curves.
		This demonstrates that the events surrounding Supernova 1987A took place some 167,000 years ago and YEC is therefore falsified.
	www.evolutionpages.com /SN1987a.htm (1823 words)

	supernova on Encyclopedia.com
		Une supernova Une équipe internationale d'astrophysiciens a pu, grâce au télescope spatial américain Hubble, établir un li.
		This X-ray image of the supernova remnant E0102-72 shows an expanding multimillion degree ring of oxygen that was created deep inside a massive star and hurled into space by the explosion of the star.
		Supernovae photoghraphiée par Chandra L'Univers est composé à hauteur de 75% d'"énergie noire", cette force mystérieuse qu.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/s1/supernov.asp (599 words)

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