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Topic: Supernova

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Supernova 1987a

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	Supernova - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Supernovae are the main source of all the elements heavier than oxygen.
		Supernovae generate tremendous temperatures, and under the right conditions, the fusion reactions that take place during the peak moments of a supernova can produce some of the heaviest elements, such as plutonium and californium.
		For Type II supernovae, the core collapse is eventually halted by degeneracy pressure of neutrons, at a density comparable to that of an atomic nucleus (forming a neutron star).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Supernova (3829 words)

	Supernova Info - Encyclopedia WikiWhat.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A supernova is a stellar explosion which appears to result in the creation of a new star, upon the celestial sphere.
		Supernovae involve the expulsion of a star's outer layers; filling the surrounding space with hydrogen and helium (along with other elements); the debris eventually forms clouds of dust and gas.
		Supernovae tend to enrich the surrounding interstellar medium with metals (that for astronomers, are all the elements after helium).
	wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/s/su/supernova.html (928 words)

	Supernova - MSN Encarta
		Supernovas are rare phenomena—fewer than five supernovas in our Milky Way galaxy have been visible from Earth in the last 1,000 years.
		The two kinds of supernovas are called Type I and Type II and are differentiated mostly by the presence of hydrogen in their debris.
		One of the most important supernovas of the 20th century, and the brightest in the sky of the northern hemisphere since 1937, burst into view on March 28, 1993, in the galaxy M 81.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_1741500695/Supernova.html (1491 words)

	supernova - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about supernova
		Type I supernovae are thought to occur in binary star systems, in which gas from one star falls on to a white dwarf, causing it to explode.
		Supernovae are thought to be the main source of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium.
		In 1987 a supernova visible to the unaided eye occurred in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a small neighbouring galaxy.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /supernova (381 words)

	supernova in TutorGig Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Supernova explosions are the main source of all the elements heavier than oxygen, and they are the only source of many important elements.
		Supernovae generate tremendous temperatures, and under the right conditions, the fusion reactions that take place during the peak moments of a supernova can produce some of the heaviest elements like californium.
		The most commonly accepted theory of these type of supernovae is that they are the result of a carbon- oxygen white dwarf accreting matter from a nearby companion star, typically a red giant, until it reaches the Chandrasekhar limit.
	www.tutorgig.com /ed/supernova (3152 words)

	THIS SUPERNOVA JUST WON'T FADE AWAY - Press Release
		Supernovae can outshine an entire galaxy and are often easily seen in neighboring galaxies with a backyard telescope.
		Supernovae are typically half as bright after about ten days and fade steadily after that, regardless of the wavelength.
		In X-rays, however, this supernova is still the brightest object in its host galaxy, M100, in the direction of constellation Coma Berenices.
	lheawww.gsfc.nasa.gov /users/immler/supernova_press.html (873 words)

	Introduction to Supernova Remnants
		Supernovae were named because they were objects that appeared to be 'new' stars, that hadn't been observed before in the well-known heavens.
		Of course, the name is actually a bit ironic, since supernovae are actually stars at the end of their lifecycle, stars that are going out with a bang, so to speak.
		Line emission from the radioactive isotopes generated in the supernovae contribute significantly to the total apparent brightness of the remnant in the early years, but do not significantly effect the shock wave.
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/objects/snrs/snrstext.html (2332 words)

	Supernova 1054 - Creation of the Crab Nebula
		A similar photo of this possible Supernova Pictograph was obtained by Paul Charbonneau of the High Altitude Observatory.
		The Supernova 1054 was later also assigned the variable star designation CM Tauri, a designation which is sometimes also used for the (optical) Crab pulsar.
		The remnant of this supernova is the famous Crab Nebula M1.
	www.seds.org /messier/more/m001_sn.html (873 words)

	Supernovae
		These supernovae occur at the end of a massive star's lifetime, when its nuclear fuel is exhausted and it is no longer supported by the release of nuclear energy.
		The last nearby supernova explosion occurred in 1680, It was thought to be just a normal star at the time, but it caused a discrepancy in the observer's star catalogue which historians finally resolved 300 years later, after the supernova remnant (Cassiopeia A) was discovered and its age estimated.
		Supernova 1987A, which is shown at the top of the page, is close enough to continuously observe as it changes over time thus greatly expanding astronomers' understanding of this fascinating phenomenon.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/science/know_l2/supernovae.html (1211 words)

	SPACE.com -- Supernova Hunting: The Search for Exploding Stars Heats Up
		The supernova 1987a is among the most famous, because astronomers have watched it evolve since it exploded in 1987.
		A supernova is relatively easy to detect, because of the intense radiation it casts off in visible light and other wavelengths.
		Ground-based telescopes that observed the actual supernova explosions are not as accurate as Hubble, however, due to air turbulence, so the candidates require follow-up Hubble observations to see if they are in the right positions.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/supernova_hunting_030114.html (1230 words)

	X-ray Astronomy: Supernovae and their remnants - Introduction
		Supernovae (the plural of supernova) are extremely important for understanding our Galaxy.
		Indeed, there seems to be two distinct types of supernovae -- those which occur for a single massive star and those which occur because of mass transfer onto a white dwarf in a binary system.
		A supernova explosion will occur when there is no longer enough fuel for the fusion process in the core of the star to create an outward pressure which combats the inward gravitational pull of the star's great mass.
	imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/science/know_l1/supernovae.html (743 words)

	Supernovae, Supernova Remnants and Young Earth Creationism FAQ
		The Vela supernova was between 800 and 1,600 light years away (Gvaramadze 2001a)- at this distance the radiation hitting the Earth from the supernova itself is negligible (about the same as several hours normal sunshine at the surface of the Earth), mainly due to distance and the protective effects of the Earth's atmosphere
		The make-up of the local ISM that the supernova occurs in is critical to the observability of the resulting SNR (Dohm-Palmer and Jones 1996).
		Supernova are named after the year in which they are discovered and in the order they are discovered, therefore SN 1987A was the first observed supernova of that year.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/supernova (13924 words)

	Supernova Reader Magnifier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Supernova’s control panel makes all of the most common controls easy to find and more advanced features no more than two mouse clicks or key presses away.
		Installed on a network or a server, Supernova can be used from any terminal and can be switched on or off as required, giving the user the freedom to move around a building or campus.
		Supernova Reader Magnifier works with Microsoft Windows 98, Me, NT v4.0, 2000, XP Home and XP Professional, Windows Server 2000, Windows Server 2003, Citrix MetaFrame XP (FR3) and can be installed on wide and local area networks, laptops and home PCs.
	www.dolphincomputeraccess.com /products/supernova.htm (1625 words)

	Supernova
		The outer layers of the star are blown off in the explosion, leaving a contracting core of the star after the supernova.
		There are many beautiful images of supernova remnants, the expanding shell of gas made up of the outer layers of the original star.
		Supernovae last one or two years, and can shine brighter than a whole galaxy for this time.
	www.windows.ucar.edu /tour/link=/the_universe/supernova.html (228 words)

	Amazon.com: Supernova: DVD: Luke Perry,Tia Carrere,Peter Fonda,Clemency Burton-Hill,Emma Samms,Jessica Brooks ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Supernova doesn't seem to quite know what it's trying to be and as a result never quite succeeds on any level.
		Supernova is the story that starts with a astrophysicist who discovers something terribly wrong, but at the same time not uncommon or unnatural with the status of our Sun.
		SUPERNOVA is a tv miniseries that runs at almost three hours, and it's a case of less would have been more.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B000BYY0UG?v=glance (1608 words)

	Supernova
		While many supernovae have been seen in nearby galaxies, they are relatively rare events in our own galaxy.
		There are, however, many remnants of Supernovae explosions in our galaxy, that are seen as X-ray shell like structures caused by the shock wave propagating out into the interstellar medium.
		The set of small GIF images used to create the supernova inline animation is available.
	heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/snr.html (236 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Supernova poised to go off near Earth
		Most supernovae occur when large stars run out of fuel and then collapse under their own weight.
		This would not be the first time a supernova has changed the course of life on Earth.
		The timing of the supernova corresponds to an otherwise mysterious deposit of heavy isotopes in deep Earth cores and to a mass marine extinction two million years ago.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn2311 (590 words)

	Supernova Remnants
		Depending on the type of the supernova, there may also be a central compact remnant in the form of a neutron star.
		The classification of supernovae in types was introduced by Rudolph Minkowski (Minkowski 1941) on the grounds of their spectra: Type I supernovae show no hydrogen lines in their spectra, whereas these lines are present in those of Type II.
		Supernovae of types Ib and Ic are thought to originate from massive progenitor stars which have been stripped off their outer layers by companion stars, and thus lost their hydrogene and for Ic, also their helium.
	www.seds.org /messier/snr.html (590 words)

	Supernova Fantasy and Science Fiction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Supernova is practically the sole place in Russia promoting writers who appeared in the '80s and '90s.
		Supernova accepts SF and fantasy short stories (not horror as such) of 5-8000 words, and novelettes (10000 words), including those previously published in English or other languages during the last ten years provided the author him/herself will give us sole permission to publish the work in Russian translation.
		Unpublished unsolicited manuscripts may be sent by e-mail to the address: snova@netclub.ru.
	www.sff.net /people/supernova (264 words)

	Supernova 2006
		At Supernova 2006, we will examine how leading entrepreneurs, investors, and companies are not only coping with complexity, but taking advantage of it.
		Supernova is where the most dynamic and influential people in technology come to share their visions, network, and learn.
		Supernova 2005 speakers, sessions and workshops covered an extraordinary range for issues, including distributed business, attention in a connected world, predictive markets, the "long tail" in commerce and media, business blogging, and the future of broadband networks.
	werbach.com /supernova2005 (655 words)

	NRAO Glossary
		Supernova: An extremely violent explosion of a star many times more massive than our Sun.
		During this explosion, the star may become as bright as all the other stars in a galaxy combined, and in which a great deal of matter is thrown off into space at high velocity and high energy.
		Supernova Remnant: The expanding shell of gas from a supernova explosion.
	www.nrao.edu /imagegallery/glossary.shtml (4257 words)

	The Cosmic Distance Scale
		Then, by comparing the relative intensity of light observed from the object with that expected based on its assumed absolute magnitude, the inverse square law for light intensity can be used to infer the distance.
		Astronomers have reason to believe that the peak light output from such a supernova is always approximately equivalent to an absolute blue sensitive magnitude of -19.6.
		Thus, if we observe a type Ia supernova in a distant galaxy and measure the peak light output, we can use the inverse square law to infer its distance and therefore the distance of its parent galaxy.
	csep10.phys.utk.edu /astr162/lect/cosmology/cosmicd.html (380 words)

	Galaxy Gallery Page II
		Second Image Taken on March 12 at 8:52 UT. This supernova has brightened by 0.32 magnitudes or a factor of 1.35 relative to the previous image.
		Fifth Image Taken on March 15 at 8:18 UT. The Supernova is still rising and is now 0.28 mag brightner (30% brighter) than it was in the previous image, taken 24 hours earlier.
		Supernova 1994 I occurred in the well studied galaxy M51 on March 31, 1994.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /sn.html (632 words)

	SFMOMA \| Exhibitions \| Exhibition Overview: Supernova
		Supernova highlights more than 80 works emblematic of the decade, addressing themes such as appropriation, self portraiture, the body, and childhood imagery.
		Featured in Supernova, Taylor-Wood talks about her work and career as one of the most original and celebrated of the Young British Artists, a group of friends and classmates who took their careers into their own hands and stormed the art world in the mid-1990s.
		Supernova: Art of the 1990s from the Logan Collection is made possible by Collectors Forum, an auxiliary of SFMOMA.
	www.sfmoma.org /exhibitions/exhib_detail.asp?id=152 (1075 words)

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