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Topic: Superphoenix

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	Breeding Disaster
		Superphoenix is not just a single nuclear plant; it is also the trump card in the French nuclear establishmentÆs international strategy and a key element in the industryÆs plans to perpetuate itself.
		With Superphoenix, the French are front-runners in the field of fastbreeders (which theoretically "breed" more fuel than they use), and fastbreeders are the nuclear industryÆs only hope of prolonging world uranium resources for more than one or two generations.
		Superphoenix houses more than 6 tons of plutonium, a human- made element that is perhaps the most toxic substance in existence.
	multinationalmonitor.org /hyper/issues/1992/04/mm0492_08.html (2613 words)

	Closure of Superphoenix
		The prototype of the thermal neutron reactor was designed during the 1970s to meet estimated greater demand for electricity, at a time when the French authorities were fearful of an increase in the price of uranium, or even of shortages.
		In 1996, the decision was taken to suspend electricity production and to use Superphoenix as a research laboratory to study the possibility of transforming it into a nuclear waste disposal site.
		As far as the CGT is concerned, "over and above the issue of Superphoenix, it is the whole energy output of our country, the treatment of nuclear waste and the upgrading of the power station network due in 2010 (...) which are at risk".
	www.eiro.eurofound.eu.int /1997/07/inbrief/fr9707160n.html (316 words)

	Circular phased array probes for inspection of Superphoenix steam generator tubes
		Circular phased array probes for inspection of Superphoenix steam generator tubes
		An ultrasonic Phased Array system for the inspection of Superphoenix steam generator tubes is presented.
		Specially designed ring arrays have been developed to fulfil the high constraints of steam generator tube inspection from the inside.
	www.ndt.net /article/v05n07/ima_p2/ima_p2.htm (1911 words)

	The Hindu Business Line : `FBTR: We had to cross many a hurdle' — Mr S.B. Bhoje, Director, Indira Gandhi Centre ...
		The Superphoenix is being shut down for political reasons.
		They had mentioned in their manifesto that they would shut down the superphoenix reactor if they came to power.
		Even the `technical' problems with the superphoenix project had little to do with nuclear technology.
	www.thehindubusinessline.com /2003/03/26/stories/2003032600280900.htm (1744 words)

	Nuclear Power : A Failed Technology
		The French superphoenix reactor alone is estimated to produce about 330 kilograms of weapons-grade plutonium each year, enough to produce about 60 bombs.
		Some of the plutonium fuel for the superphoenix has almost certainly been produced from Australian uranium.
		Spiralling costs and concerns about reactor safety and waste disposal have caused the nuclear power industry to stall in industrialised countries.
	www.sea-us.org.au /power.html (839 words)

	LET THE FACTS SPEAK
		Berry, counselling scientist for Sellafield, has commented that if workers are worried about their children manifesting leukaemia as a result of their exposure, then they should not have any.
		The Superphoenix plant was once again temporarily closed due to a new leak of about 10 to 30 litres of sodium in the second cooling circuit.
		The Superphoenix fast breeder was also in trouble with an unrelated problem of corrosion product contamination in the primary sodium coolant.
	www.prop1.org /2000/accident/facts9.htm (3592 words)

	BBC News \| Asia-Pacific \| Japan's vital but unpopular nuclear industry
		Pursing a goal of self-sufficiency, the Japanese nuclear industry originally wanted to use plutonium in fast-breeder reactors, which could generate more plutonium.
		Japan is now the only nation still developing fast-breeder nuclear reactors since France decided in 1997 to close its Superphoenix reactor following a series of problems.
		But the high costs, as well as an accident at the fast-breeder reactor Monju in 1995, forced the industry to seek an alternative in MOX fuel, a combination of uranium and plutonium recycled from spent nuclear fuel.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/asia-pacific/461943.stm (413 words)

	News Update 2/5/98
		It echoed a similar statement by 60 admirals and generals in 1996, reflecting growing support for nuclear abolition among those directly responsible for nuclear weapons.
		* And in another part of the globe, French Prime Minister Lionel Jospin and a group of his key ministers decided Monday to shut down the world's largest fast- breeder nuclear reactor, nicknamed the "Superphoenix." The reactor cost the nation billions of dollars, but furnished electricity for only six months.
		Deconstructing the Superphoenix, which has been troubled by technical problems and cost overruns since its beginning, will cost the French government $1.76 billion dollars.
	www.nuclearactive.org /news/020598.html (739 words)

	Crimes Against Humanity > Free online > Agape Research Book > author Rolf A. F. Witzsche (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In parallel with the "Global Warming" attack on mankind's energy fuels, runs the psychological terrorism that is aimed at the destruction of the nuclear power industry, under the cover of an ecological front.
		A recent victory in this war against nuclear power is the 1997 official order by the government of France to shut down the country's successfully operating 1,240 Megawatt "fast" breeder reactor facility, the "Superphoenix," the largest of its kind in the world.
		The "fast" breeder technology employs a process that utilizes the high speed neutrons from the nuclear fission reaction to enrich spent reactor fuel, thereby creating more useable fuel than it consumes.
	science.rolf-witzsche.com /2v1b/2v1b-023.html (670 words)

	War & Peace - Nuclear power is no solution to climate change: exposing the myths
		With the virtual demise of the Fast Breeder research programme and no foreseeable commercial development of fusion reactors, the belief that nuclear power can supply an endless source of energy is fast disappearing.
		The Japanese Monju Fast Breeder reactor has been inactive since a serious accident in December 1995, whilst the French Superphoenix and the breeder reactor programmes in the UK have been permanently closed.
		Diminishing uranium supplies and the failure of the breeder reactor programmes mean that nuclear power will not be able to make a long-term contribution to meeting the world's energy needs.
	www.warpeace.org /article.php?story=20040104194419196 (2357 words)

	Nuclear power: not green, clean or cheap > Snake River Alliance > Articles
		The largest was the French 1,200 megawatt Superphoenix, a name that alludes to the mythical bird that burnt itself on a funeral pyre and then arose from the ashes to live again with renewed youth.
		Reality was rather different from the myth: Superphoenix commenced operation in 1985 as a “commercial industrial prototype”.
		It operated only intermittently and very rarely at full power, experiencing leaks from its cooling system and several other accidents.
	www.snakeriveralliance.org /tabid/122/ctl/ArticleView/mid/471/articleId/1173/Nuclear-power-not-green-clean-or-cheap.aspx (1762 words)

	Peak Oil News & Message Boards >> Forums >> Peak Oil Discussion >> Long term effects of peak oil in the human species (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The superphoenix houses more than six tons of plutonium (and CRII-RAD has already detected traces of it in the Rhone River).
		They are believed to be the only reactors in which there can actually be an atomic explosion.
		With its record of actual operating experience - which includes an incredible series of "impossible" accidents (two of which had officially been estimated to have a probability of occurring "not more than once in 10,000 to 100,000 years") - the DSIN safety authorities have understandably become publicly critical.
	peakoil.com /fortopic13740-0-asc-15.html (2791 words)

	Bee Gees World - Archives: The children of rock belt the blues (1967)
		Even more startling was the revelation that the Gibbs, who wrote the song, had been local show business luminaries since they were about 7.
		Now pushing 18, they left behind a string of hits Down Under to emerge triumphant - a superphoenix.
		For, despite the objections of a few partisans (before rock'n'roll came of age, we called them "fans"), "New York mining disaster 1941" was a solid hit.
	www.beegees-world.com /archives75.html (1105 words)

	The future is Green: 06/01/2005 - 06/30/2005
		It ran until 1972 when its oeprating licence renewal was denied.
		The French breeder reactor "Superphoenix" went online in 1985 but only loged 174 days at full power during its first ten years.
		In 1990 the reacter was shut down because of impurities in the sodium in its core and was not reauthorized until 1994 when it was authorized as a research reactor to determine, among other things, whether it was a "net consumer of plutonium." In 1997, the reauthorization was annulled and the reactor permanently shut down.
	greenfuture.blogspot.com /2005_06_01_greenfuture_archive.html (2539 words)

	Of achievements and challenges
		Countries such as France, the United States and the United Kingdom have not persisted with their breeder reactor programme.
		France has closed its Superphoenix fast breeder reactor.
		There are allegations that the Japanese have falsified their data with regard to their breeder reactor programme.
	www.flonnet.com /fl2202/stories/20050128001404900.htm (2263 words)

	[hpv-boats] human/screw limits/freewheel(?) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Sea Saber - 4:1, I think it was an 18 dia., but I don't know the pitch.
		SuperPhoenix - 11:1, 12x16 single prop for record run (at 140 cadence the prop is doing over 1500rpm!!).
		They've also tried 10x14 twin props forward and 9.5x15.5 twin props aft of the main foil.
	www.ihpva.org /pipermail/hpv-boats/2001q4/001390.html (270 words)

	Global Beat: Mark Hibbs' Nuclear Watch February 9, 1998
		France: Government decision to pull the plug on its fast breeder reactor will lead to major changes in French nuclear waste policy, which will have a global impact.
		Last week French premier Lionel Jospin announced that the Superphoenix plutonium-producing reactor will never be restarted.
		Industry officials say this means that France will now shift from a plutonium-based nuclear energy strategy to one centered on long-term dry storage of spent fuel, an approach increasingly favored by most nuclear nations, including the United States, Canada, Sweden, and Germany.
	www.bu.edu /globalbeat/nucwatch/nucwatch020998.html (506 words)

	Comments of the Nuclear Control Institute for the Department of Energy's Scoping Process on the Programmatic ...
		The Advanced Liquid Metal Reactor Breeder program in the United States was terminated in 1994 and FBR programs in Germany and Britain have ended as the technological problems and expense associated with breeder operation have proved insurmountable.
		France has closed its large FBR, Superphoenix, and a smaller breeder, Phoenix, is due to soon close.
		Breeder programs limp along in Russia, India and Japan, though the near-catastrophic sodium leak in 1995 at Japan's Monju breeder has resulted in the indefinite closure of the reactor.
	www.state.nv.us /nucwaste/news/nn10317.htm (2764 words)

	LETTERS
		As this technology has not been commercialised anywhere in the world, it would be premature to project very high load factors for such reactors.
		The largest fast breeder reactor, the 1,200 MWe Superphoenix I in France (it has since ceased to be a breeder, but become a mere neutron generator), has a very low lifetime load factor, of around 3 per cent.
		The lifetime PLF of our own fast breeder test reactor is modest, to say the least.
	www.hinduonnet.com /fline/fl1603/16030860.htm (2762 words)

	Re: News Advisory: Still Crazy After Oil These Years!
		Aside from one gratuitous insult about my knowledge of physics (I have taught the subject for many years, but would readily admit that Rod Adams may know more about it than me) this response was reasonable but still, I think, mistaken.
		To ignore the problems that have occured in plutonium-fuelled reactors such as the Superphoenix is typical of the rose-colored spectacled approach of many in the nuclear industry.
		If this technology was so wonderful, one would expect to have seen it adopted in countries other than the energy source desperate France and Japan.
	www.ibiblio.org /intergarden/agriculture/forums/sustainable-agriculture2/msg01415.html (325 words)

	European Tribune - Community, Politics & Progress.
		Contrary to the fusion holy grail, fast breeders and integral fast reactors are not science-fiction but a technology with well-known benefits and hurdles and which has already been seriously prototyped.
		IMHO, the technology is not currently ready - see the SuperPhoenix mess - and requires serious investments for industrial development but, as of today, it's an engineering problem, not a science problem.
		It would really punch my ass a new one if it's not ready for prime time within 20 years with a decent level of RandD money.
	www.eurotrib.com /story/2006/2/27/51218/7455 (3441 words)

	enote25.html
		Uranium and nuclear proliferation: Spent fuel from reactors contains large quantities of plutonium: The French
		Superphoenix Reactor alone is estimated to produce about 330 kilograms of weapons-grade plutonium each year,
		Can one seriously doubt that a key motivation of many governments for
	www.chem.duke.edu /~bonk/Chem8304/read2205f.html (3812 words)

	ArmsControlWonk \| an arms control weblog
		Infact, thorium has been suggested as a proliferation-resistant nuclear fuel (see www.thoriumpower.com)
		India has just started to experiment with full-scale FBR technology and will easily take decades to resolve the problems that the French faced at Superphoenix or the Japanese faced at Monju.
		So I would not get too excited about the India’s FBR program…
	www.armscontrolwonk.com /?parentid=968 (212 words)

	Nous Sommes Tous Des Casseurs
		They build flimsy houses in flood zones, or give the authorization for it.
		They play roulette with the superphoenix, sell tons of adulterated food, and sack the employee who eats fruit that was going to be thrown out, flood the beaches with explosives, etc., etc.
		The real "hooligans" are the interchangeable politicians exploiting people's gullibility to get elected as managers of "public" affairs, where they butter their bread underneath the table.
	www.geocities.com /cordobakaf/casseurs.html (20200 words)

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