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	Supersonic transport - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A supersonic transport (SST) is a civil aircraft designed to transport passengers at speeds greater than the speed of sound.
		In practice all supersonic transports have used essentially the same shape for subsonic and supersonic flight, and a compromise in performance is chosen, often to the detriment of low speed flight.
		There was a good argument for supersonic speeds on medium- and long-range flights at least, where the increased speed and potential good economy once supersonic would offset the tremendous amount of fuel needed to overcome the wave drag.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Supersonic_transport (2367 words)

	Aviation and the Global Atmosphere
		For supersonic propulsion systems, the cruise bypass ratio of choice is now in the range of 0.5—1.0, whereas for the Concorde and for the U.S. supersonic transport of the 1970s it was zero.
		The overall pressure ratio of a supersonic propulsion system, including the intake pressure rise and the remaining turbomachinery pressure ratio, is in the range of 130—140, calculated as a ratio of the compressor exit total pressure divided by the inlet static pressure.
		Supersonic transports will also be subject to LTO cycle emissions rules and potential climb/cruise emissions rules in common with other air traffic.
	www.pnl.gov /aisu/pubs/eemw/papers/ipccreports/specialreports/aviation/113.htm (1842 words)

	NASA Quest > Aerospace Team Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Concorde jet is currently the world's only supersonic transport, and its operating costs are so high that it is not commercially viable.
		To give you an idea of how important drag is for a supersonic transport, it was found that the added fuel needed to make up for a 0.5% (one-half percent!) error in drag prediction required the removal of 18 passengers to meet the same take-off weight limit.
		One thing that happens at supersonic speeds is that shock waves form from the nose of the airplane, and from the wing leading edges.
	quest.arc.nasa.gov /people/journals/aero/ssmith/super.html (872 words)

	High-Speed Research: The TU-144LL
		U.S.-Russian Supersonic Flight Tests Began With Russian SST Roll-Out: A modified Russian supersonic passenger jet was rolled out of its hangar at the Zhukovsky airfield in March 1996 to symbolize the start of a joint six-month flight research program between NASA, a U.S. industry team and the Russian aeronautics establishment.
		The Tu-144 was originally designed as a supersonic transport for service in the Russian airline industry.
		Supersonic airplanes are more difficult for pilots to handle than current passenger aircraft, due to their slender wings and arrow-like shape.
	oea.larc.nasa.gov /PAIS/TU-144.html (1340 words)

	Concorde Encyclopedia @ LaunchBase.com (Launch Base) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		It was suggested in France and the United Kingdom that part of the American opposition to Concorde on grounds of noise pollution was in fact orchestrated or at least encouraged by the United States Government out of spite at not being able to propose a viable competitor.
		Due to the heat generated by the compression of the air as Concorde traveled supersonically, the fuselage would extend by as much as thirty centimetres, the most obvious manifestation of this being a gap that would open up on the flight deck between the flight engineer's console and the bulkhead.
		Although the engines were quite capable of pushing the airframe supersonic without reheat, it was discovered operationally that it burnt more fuel that way, since the vehicle took much longer to accelerate through the transonic region even though reheat is quite inefficient.
	www.launchbase.com /encyclopedia/Concorde (3601 words)

	Supersonic Transport Technology Readiness & Development Risks
		With the next generation supersonic transport this uncertainty is magnified to unprecedented levels due to the increased technical challenges.
		This leads to the essential issue of overland flight, which is the "Achilles’ hill" of supersonic transports as they are prohibited from such operations due to their sonic boom loudness level.
		At supersonic cruise altitudes, the dose is double that of a subsonic airliner flying at 40,000ft., but because the trip time is halved the total radiation dosage for passengers is roughly the same.
	users.forthnet.gr /ath/saounatsos/hsct.htm (8558 words)

	High Speed Research
		In the first generation supersonic transports-the Concorde and the TU-144-the forward vision problem was solved by use of a mechanism that lowers-or "droops"-the forward part of the nose section for takeoffs and landings and thereby affords a clear view forward.
		In the second generation supersonic transport, the EVS could save thousands of pounds of droop mechanism weight, weight that could be used to allow increased passenger capacity or greater range.
		The tests were flown on Langley Research Center's Transport Systems Research Vehicle (TSRV), a Boeing 737 equipped with a windowless research cockpit in the passenger section in addition to the normal windowed cockpit, and in a Westinghouse BAC 1-11 avionics test aircraft.
	www.sti.nasa.gov /tto/spinoff1996/19.html (1365 words)

	What is Supersonic Transport ? @ Aviation.y2u.co.uk
		is a civil aircraft designed to transport passengers at speeds greater than the speed of sound.
		There was a good argument for supersonic speeds on medium and long-range flights at least, where the increased speed and potential good economy once supersonic would offset the tremendous amount of fuel needed to overcome the wave drag.
		Although the Concorde and Tu-144 were certainly the first aircraft to carry commercial passengers at supersonic speeds, they were not the first commercial airliners to break the sound barrier.
	aviation.y2u.co.uk /Concorde/AV0011_Supersonic_Flight.htm (1791 words)

	Supersonic jet launch 'successful' - National - theage.com.au
		Japan has hailed the test of a supersonic jet in South Australia's outback as a success.
		The model of the supersonic jet, planned to be a successor to the Concorde, was launched from a site near Woomera in SA's north about 7am CST today.
		Japan aims for the supersonic jet to carry 300 passengers, three times as many as the Concorde, and travel at Mach 2 which is twice the speed of sound.
	www.theage.com.au /news/national/supersonic-jet-launch-successful/2005/10/10/1128796434627.html (339 words)

	Back to the future: NASA flies ageing Russian supersonic jetliner
		NASA announced on Friday the Russian-built Tu-144 supersonic jetliner — which had been mothballed since the mid-80s — is their ticket to perfecting a newly designed, efficient, and environmentally-friendly, second-generation, supersonic transport on this side of the Atlantic.
		"The United States is trying to be the nation that builds the next generation supersonic transport, or as we call it, the high-speed civil transport," says NASA test pilot Robert Rivers, one of the two Americans to fly the Tu-144 last month.
		The 'next generation' of supersonic transport — at least from the United States — is still a ways off.
	www.exn.ca /FlightDeck/News/story.cfm?ID=19981016-61 (947 words)

	Unreal Aircraft - Lost Classics - Boeing 2707-200 SST
		Whilst commercial jet transports began to enter service after World War 2, aiming for a supersonic airliner was a remote dream, until Convair developed their Mach 2 B-58 bomber.
		Britain set up the Supersonic Transport Aircraft Committee in 1956, and in 1959 they favoured two main types of SST (supersonic transport).
		One was a radical Mach 1.2 transport with a double-kinked M-shaped wing plan, and the other was a longer range, larger Mach 1.8 aircraft, a slender delta design.
	www.unrealaircraft.com /classics/sst.php (1199 words)

	Aviation and the Global Atmosphere
		At this stage, there is no reliable information relating specifically to the design of supersonic propulsion combustion systems, but there is no reason to believe that the degree of inefficiency should be any different from subsonic types.
		Assessments of advanced supersonic aircraft concentrate on long-range over-water routes but do not assume that such routes will be served exclusively by supersonic services.
		As a result of low combustor operating pressures in supersonic transport applications, these concepts appear capable of achieving their full ultra-low NOx reduction potential while maintaining satisfactory durability and performance.
	www.pnl.gov /aisu/pubs/eemw/papers/ipccreports/specialreports/aviation/114.htm (717 words)

	Sonic Boom and the Supersonic Transport (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		As the SST operates supersonically over populated areas of the globe, a sonic boom may be created that is capable of destroying property and provoking substantial public opposition.
		If the airplane is not moving at too high a supersonic speed (the shock front is not swept back too far), this refraction may cause the direction of travel of the shock front to become parallel with the ground.
		A meaningful analysis of the damage to be expected from a supersonic transport must include the higher levels of overpressure that often occur.
	www.airpower.airuniv.edu /airchronicles/aureview/1971/jul-aug/roberds.html (4077 words)

	[No title]
		Based on projections for significant increases in transoceanic air travel, both companies concluded that there will be a market for commercial transports flying at two to three times the speed of sound (1350-2000 mph) between the years 2000 and 2015.
		A next-generation supersonic airliner could carry up to three times the passenger load of the current Anglo-French Concorde at less than one-seventh the cost per passenger mile and with about twice the Concorde's range.
		The Boeing and Douglas studies determined that substantial demand for an advanced supersonic transport will materialize only if the aircraft meets allowable standards of airport noise, has no harmful effects on the atmosphere and is economically competitive with future long-haul subsonic airliners.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/missions/status/r90-40 (718 words)

	TU-144LL EC96-43859-2: Russian Tu-144LL SST Joint NASA Flying Laboratory - Flight November 29, 1996
		The centerpiece of the research program was the Tu 144LL, a first-generation Russian supersonic jetliner that was modified by its developer/builder, Tupolev ANTK (aviatsionnyy nauchno-tekhnicheskiy kompleks–roughly, aviation technical complex), into a flying laboratory for supersonic research.
		Although actual development of such an advanced supersonic transport (SST) is currently on hold, commercial aviation experts estimate that a market for up to 500 such aircraft could develop by the third decade of the 21st Century.
		The aircraft is constructed mostly of light aluminum alloy with titanium and stainless steel on the leading edges, elevons, rudder, and the under-surface of the rear fuselage.
	www.dfrc.nasa.gov /Gallery/Photo/TU-144LL/HTML/EC96-43859-2.html (640 words)

	Ideas in Progress: The Japanese/French Son-of-Concorde vs. the Quiet Small Supersonic Transport
		Supersonic flight from LA to Tokyo would seem to have been an obviously better example to have given, and the fact that NY to Tokyo was given instead makes me wonder if the Japanese and French organizations who made the announcement are even trying to be taken seriously.
		There is also a Supersonic Aerospace International, who at least has a very pretty website that describes the concept.
		So the words ‘quiet’ and ‘small’ in phrase quiet small supersonic transport could be just as important as the word ‘supersonic.’ I think that the next generation SST is a lot more likely to be a small plane from the USA, Russia, and/or Canada than a 300+ airliner made by Japan and/or France.
	ideasinprogress.blogspot.com /2005/06/japanesefrench-son-of-concorde-vs.html (1287 words)

	NASAexplores 5-8 Lesson: (Teacher Sheets)
		The TU-144LL aircraft is a former first-generation Russian supersonic jetliner that was modified into a flying laboratory for supersonic research.
		Discuss the differences in the Supersonic Transports (the TU-144LL and the Concorde) and the SR-71.
		The Supersonic Transports were built to carry passengers and cargo.
	www.nasaexplores.com /show_58_teacher_st.php?id=030801113052 (361 words)

	Search Results for "Supersonic" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		SST A large transport airplane engineered to operate at supersonic speeds....
		...A trademark for a supersonic passenger aircraft used primarily for transatlantic flight....
		...sonic boom, shock wave produced by an object moving through the air at supersonic speed, i.e., faster than the speed of sound.
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=&query=Supersonic (237 words)

	USATODAY.com - Japan, France to jointly research new supersonic jet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		TOKYO (AP) — Japan and France are jointly researching a new supersonic passenger plane to succeed the retired Concorde, but with up to three times as many seats and the potential to fly the Tokyo-to-New York route in six hours, officials and reports said Wednesday.
		Defense contractors and engineering companies from the two countries are expected to split an annual investment of about 200 million yen ($1.84 million) for research over the next three years to build the faster-than-sound plane, Japan's Trade Ministry said in a statement.
		The French side brings experience from the Concorde, the world's first and only supersonic commercial jet operated by Air France and British Airways, which flew at twice the speed of sound.
	www.usatoday.com /travel/news/2005-06-15-supersonic_x.htm?csp=34 (668 words)

	Aeronautics - High Speed Research - TU-144LL
		The reasonfor this departure from conventional design philosophy is the fact that a supersonic transport of the baseline configuration would land nose-high -- as do the Concorde and the TU144 -- with the flight deck 45 feet above the runway and more than 50 feet forward of the landing gear.
		In the first generation supersonic transports -- the Concorde and the TU-144 -- the forward vision problem was solved by use of a mechanism that lowers -- or "droops" -- the forward part of the nose section for takeoffs and landings and thereby affords a clear view forward.
		The tests were flown on Langley Research Center's Transport Systems Research Vehicle (TSRV), a Boeing 737 equipped with awindow less research cockpit in the passenger section in addition to the normal windowed cockpit, and in a Westinghouse BAC 1-11 avionics test aircraft.
	www.allstar.fiu.edu /aero/NTTC4.htm (1496 words)

	Talk:Supersonic transport - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The article fails to mention that the TU-144 was the first supersonic passenger jet, airborne 2 months before the Concorde.
		I am sure it needs updating -- I just removed the note that it was aiming to create a reference configuration in 1999.
		Google search for "European Supersonic Research Program" returns 29 hits.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Supersonic_transport (159 words)

	Concorde.y2u.co.uk - Concorde Aircraft - History & Photos
		During the supersonic cruise, although the outside air temperature was typically -60 °C, air friction would heat the external skin at the front of the plane to around +120 °C making the windows warm to the touch and producing a noticeable temperature gradient along the length of the cabin.
		Concorde F-WTSA (102) made 314 flights (189 supersonic) and was then retired to Orly Airport in Paris on May 20, 1976, where it is on display to the public.
		G-BOAA (206) was transported to the Museum of Flight (run by the National Museums of Scotland), East Fortune, near Edinburgh over land to the Thames, then by sea to Torness, then over land again to the museum from April 8 to April 19, 2004.
	concorde.y2u.co.uk (3945 words)

	Objective 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The technology challenges for a supersonic aircraft continue to be developing and maturing technologies to enable an economically and environmentally viable supersonic transport.
		The program synergy of aeronautics and space transportation technology research will allow continued assessments to consider a broader set of technology options be to used with supersonic transport.
		During the course of the HSR Program, researchers explored the environmental impact of a supersonic transport and made significant progress in addressing technology challenges related to community noise, sonic boom, and atmospheric ionizing radiation.
	www.aero-space.nasa.gov /docs/ar99/obj6.html (2986 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Supersonic flight 'doomed'
		"No future supersonic transport will be anything other than a flop," said Richard Wiggs, co-ordinator of the Anti-Concorde Project in the late 60s and 70s and an expert on the economics of such aircraft.
		But if a significant number of supersonic jets went into service, this contribution would be far higher, said Tim Johnson, director of the Aviation Environment Federation, which monitors pollution caused by the air industry.
		Mr Johnson doubted that a supersonic aircraft could be built which could overcome both the noise and pollution problems caused by a large fleet of such craft.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/1287891.stm (775 words)

	New Scientist Breaking News - Japan to test supersonic airliner prototype
		Japan plans to test a supersonic aircraft prototype in the Australian desert as early as September.
		The UK-French supersonic commercial jet Concorde halted flights in 2003 after reduced demand for luxury travel and increased maintenance costs made the service uneconomic.
		NASA is also funding research into designing supersonic aircraft with a smaller sonic boom and less pollution in its Sonic Boom Mitigation Project, based at Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia, US.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn7896 (564 words)

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