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Superstring theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Superstring theory is an attempt to explain all of the particles and fundamental forces of nature in one theory by modeling them as vibrations of tiny supersymmetric strings. Superstring theory is a shorthand for "supersymmetric string theory" because unlike bosonic string theory, it is the version of string theory that incorporates fermions and supersymmetry. This has been solved by the second superstring revolution in the 1990s during which the five superstring theories were discovered to be different limits of a single underlying theory: M-theory. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Superstrings   (950 words)

Superstrings   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) In contrast, in superstring theories gravity cannot be excluded, and the kind of symmetry needed for its inclusion in the theory leads to a natural prediction about the underlying symmetry that unifies the other three forces. Superstring theory can be historicals ly traced to a theory called the dual-resonance model, which was developed in the late 1960's to explain the observed features of hadrons, or particles subject to the strong force [see "Dual-Resonance Models of Elementary Particles," by John H. The requirement that superstring theory not be sensitive to such relabelings leads to strong conditions on the symmetry groups associated with the nongravitational forces of the theory. www.damtp.cam.ac.uk /user/mbg15/superstrings/superstrings.html   (9429 words)

Essay: Superstrings Superstring theory is a combination of two concepts: string physics and the mathematical structure called supersymmetry. If superstring theory is to be a theory of everything, then it must unite all the symmetry groups of the standard model, as well as gravity. The symmetry group that was chosen for superstring theory is the E8 ×E8 group [2], since it is thought to unite all of physics. www3.sympatico.ca /brianfp/topics/essays/444/html/doc.html   (1692 words)

Introduction to Superstrings and M-Theory (Graduate Texts in Contemporary Physics) by Michio Kaku [ISBN: 0387985891] - ... Superstrings and M-theory: provocative and controversial, but unarguably one of the most interesting and active areas of research in current physics. Called by some, "the theory of everything," superstrings may solve a problem that has eluded physicists for the past 50 years, the final unification of the two great theories of the twentieth century, general relativity and quantum field theory. Superstring theory has come a long way since its beginnings in the theory of the strong interaction. www.gettextbooks.com /isbn_0387985891.html   (1012 words)

String Theory and Auras Superstring theory presents a head-turning look at what the universe really is all about. Superstring theory reduces the essential building blocks of all matter and energy to things called “superstrings” and unifies all known forces and interactions. However, superstring theory has been attracting more attention as a suitable theory of everything because it provides solutions that are not available in other theories and lots of mathematicians and theorists are working way at it. www.kheper.net /cosmos/quantum_physics/superstrings_and_auras.html   (2594 words)

Superstrings   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) Superstrings was recorded and composed entirely at The University of Sheffield in 1998/1999. Superstrings resides in a world of pitched and pulsed sections and drifts from the real into the unreal. Superstrings was premiered at the SEAMUS conference 2000 at the University of North Texas in March 2000 and is available on SEAMUS CD 10 www.shef.ac.uk /~mu1ajm/docs/superstrings.html   (219 words)

Amazon.co.uk: Books: The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) Superstrings are a theory of particle physics that lays claim to being the ultimate "Theory of Everything", merging Einstein's relativity and quantum mechanics into an understanding of the physics of the very small and very large in the Universe. Superstring theory is still very much in its infancy and The Elegant Universe does not claim that all the problems have been solved; in fact a point is made of pointing out all the present deficiencies of the theory. Superstring theory may or may not be the theory of everything but this book will certainly tell you what we think we know so far. www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/0375708111   (1319 words)

Superstrings In the superstring theory, all elementary particles, such as quarks, electrons and neutrons are not points, rather, they are one dimensional objects that measure about 10-33 cm long. If the superstring theory [the theory of everything] is correct, it may provide an explanation of what space-time is made of, the nature of fl holes, and the origin of dark matter, thus enhancing our present knowledge tenfold. Superstrings are believed to exist in a ten dimensional universe, but to get from that ten to our four, we need to compact the extra six. www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/6850/strings.html   (1300 words)

What are Superstrings? Superstrings, or superstring theory is an exciting field of physics sometimes called The Theory of Everything. Until superstrings came along, scientists had two opposing theories for how the laws of nature behaved: Einstein's General Theory of Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. Mathematically, the theory of superstrings again worked beautifully and finally put forth a plausible explanation for the weakness of gravity while uniting it with the other three forces. www.wisegeek.com /what-are-superstrings.htm   (975 words)

dimensions Superstrings are one of the most exciting discoveries of the last 30 years, giving us a greater understanding of the beginnings of our cosmos. Superstrings are the only way that quantum mechanics (the study of the particles of the atom), and the Theory of Relativity (the study of cosmic motion, time and matter) can both be combined under one theory. Superstrings, show us that a fundamental property of our universe are the dimensions of which they and the universe are composed. homepages.ihug.co.nz /~brandon1/resources/dim9.htm   (2379 words)

CERN Courier - Superstrings, black holes and gauge theories - IOP Publishing - article In superstring theory, the graviton (the carrier of the force of gravity) and all other elementary particles are vibrational modes of a string (figure 1). Superstring theory says that we live in 9+1 space-time dimensions, six of which are small and compact, while the time and three spatial dimensions have expanded and are infinite. Superstring theory employs the Kaluza­Klein mechanism to unify gravitation and gauge interactions using higher dimensions. www.cerncourier.com /main/article/39/3/11   (1274 words)

Superstrings Superstring theory can be historicals ly traced to a theory called the dual-resonance model, which was developed in the late 1960's to explain the observed features of hadrons, or particles subject to the strong force [see "Dual-Resonance Models of Elementary Particles," by John H. Schwarz; SciENTiFic AMERICAN, February, 1975]. And today's superstring theo ries, which view the fundamental build ing blocks of matter as four-dimensional manifestations of tiny pieces of vibrating "string", require a total of 10 dimensions. In 1990, he was trying to solve a complex problem in superstring theory, and realised that the problem could be solved with large extra dimensions that had just such characteristics. www.dhushara.com /book/quantcos/supstr/supers.htm   (12072 words)

Superstrings Superstring Theory is often construed to have been formally initiated in physics in 1970 by Yoichiro Nambu. Modern Superstring theories are based on generalizing the notion of a point particle to that of a string-like object. In order for the superstrings to represent particles with mass, the strings vibrate and rotate such that they generate a series of energy levels, just as a violin string has a series of notes. www.halexandria.org /dward163.htm   (940 words)

Directory - Science: Physics: Quantum Mechanics: Quantum Field Theory: Superstrings Interpretations of Superstring Theories  · iweb · cached · An overview of current superstring theories (including M Theory) and suggested paths of future research. Introduction to Superstring Theory  · These four lectures, addressed to an audience of graduate students in experimental high energy physics, survey some of the basic concepts in string theory. Introduction to Superstring Theory  · In these lecture notes, an introduction to superstring theory is presented. www.incywincy.com /default?p=210328   (675 words)

Superstrings One form of unified field theory involves explaining the basic units (quanta) of energy and matter in terms of tiny vibrating loops known as superstrings. But for the math of superstring theory to make sense it is necessary to postulate a hyperspace or higher spatial dimensions beyond the usual three. If so, the hidden superstring dimensions could be much bigger than originally thought, as much as a millimeter across. www.kheper.net /cosmos/quantum_physics/superstrings.html   (349 words)

Superstrings   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) Unlike relativity, which described the giants of the macro world, or quantum mechanics, which described the antics of unimaginably tiny particles, the theory of superstrings sought to describe it all. There is also now hope that the various versions of superstring theory that have cropped up are simply different ways of looking at the same thing. This section is important because superstring incorporates many of their insights. www.alumni.ca /~wupa4p0/pi.html   (330 words)

Open superstrings   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) (Super)String theories [1] have emerged in the last 20 years as the only candidate to describe in a unified scheme all the fundamental interactions, including gravity. This is also suggested from the recent ideas on string dualities, according to which all (super)string theories, being connected in a non-perturbative way, are different manifestations of an underlying, yet unknown, entity [2]. In order to build spectra of closed (super)string models, we have to tensorize chiral sectors of CFT (or their extension to an N=1 superconformal algebra) in such a way that they saturate the conformal anomaly [19] and give rise to a modular invariant genus-one partition function consistent with spin-statistics. www.sif.it /cimento/tocb/112.02-03/30/30.html   (4945 words)

Superstrings If the handful of physicists involved in what are called "superstring theories" (or string, for short) are correct, we live in a world weirder than you can probably imagine. It's a world of 10 dimensions, with some curled up at a microscopic level and some "big" dimensions that we perceive as "real." A world where the distinction between space and time is spurious (as taught by general relativity). In superstring theory's 10-dimensional spacetime, we still observe only a 4-dimensional spacetime. imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov /docs/science/mysteries_l2/superstring.html   (1012 words)

Superstrings   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) And the fascinating possibility is that these vibrations may actually bring together all the observed forces in the universe: gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak forces (the forces which hold an atom together). The superstring theory is controversial, and so far this is a purely theoretical matter. This is a presentation of superstrings, forming part of a class presentation. dev.hypography.com /topics/superstrings.cfm   (518 words)

fUSION Anomaly. Superstrings This is the superstring theory, which postulates that all matter and energy can be reduced to tiny strings of energy vibrating in a 10 dimensional universe. In summary, the "notes" of the superstring are the subatomic particles, the "harmonies" of the superstring are the laws of physics, and the "universe" can be compared to a symphony of vibrating superstrings. impressed by the vast new areas of mathematics opened up by the superstring theory, has said that the superstring theory represents "21th century physics that fell accidentally into the 20th century." This is because the superstring theory was discovered almost by accident. fusionanomaly.net /superstrings.html   (2331 words)

Superstrings - A Theory of Everything? - Physics_6 from Connections Through Time The superstring theory has as its goal the unification of General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics. In superstring theory, vibrating one-dimensional "strings", not point-like particles, are the fundamental constituents. Superstring theory may succeed, and has come a long way toward resolving what were two very different views of the universe. www.p-i-a.com /Magazine/Issue6/Physics_6.htm   (1071 words)

Amazon.com: Books: Superstrings and the Search for the Theory of Everything   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) In superstring theory, we're shown, matter and space-time itself are made up of infinitesimal one-dimensional strings vibrating in 10 dimensions. Though at times, the historical overview of superstring theory devolpment (about the first third of the book)gets a little...boring, the overall level of understanding for the average lay reader of this potentially revolutionary theory is high. Superstrings is not a subject that is of interest to everyone, but I suprised myself how interested I became. www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0809242575?v=glance   (1534 words)

SUPERSTRINGS! Supersymmetric Strings It may seem to be a problem to have 10 spacetime dimensions instead of the 4 spacetime dimensions that we observe, but we will see that in getting from 10 to 4 we actually find some interesting physics. This is a theory of closed superstrings which has two (N=2) supersymmetries in ten dimensions. The two gravitini (superpartners to the graviton) move in opposite directions on the closed string world sheet and have opposite chiralities under the 10 dimensional Lorentz group, so this is a non-chiral theory. www.sukidog.com /jpierre/strings/susy.htm   (695 words)

M Theory Visionists - Superstrings String theory, also known as superstring or M-theory, is one of the most recent theories of modern physics, and is actually still incomplete. Superstring theory is most relevant under extreme physical conditions such as those that existed at the time of the big bang. One primary focus of ISCAP is the search for subtle signatures of string theory that may be imprinted in the precision cosmological data that will be collected through a variety of experiments over the next decade. wc0.worldcrossing.com /WebX?14@229.6J0hbiB0Nyf.0@.1dde6988/18   (1357 words)

Cosmology and Superstrings This is a description of an evolution of a 10 dimension spacetime based on a simple superstring model. This description assumes for superstring models that these dimensions are as real as the exterior ones used for General Relativity. It should be recalled that while standard superstring theory states that all strings are on the order of the Planck length as well as the dimensions of the Calabi-Yau manifold on which they vibrate, this model assumes the these dimensions are much larger. home.att.net /~bob.rutkiewicz/cosmology_and_superstrings.htm   (2479 words)

sciforums.com - The Link Between Science and GOD!   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) One of the key ingredients to their theory is "superstrings" and "hyperspace". Superstrings are 1-dimensional strings that generate space-time around them when they vibrate(like a guitar string). Because GOD has control over the superstrings which make up everything we know of, he is capable of anything. www.sciforums.com /showthread.php?t=2103   (669 words)

Calroth's Domain: Superstrings: Supersymmetry   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07) Superstring Theory predicts the fundamental forces: gravitation, electroweak, and strong. Superstrings offers a nice tidy solution to the fabled UR particle or the one fundamental particle that makes up everything by subtle changes in its nature. Superstrings is refreshingly simple for physicists, but with the one complication: they aren't massless points, they're one-dimensional massless loops! www.alphalink.com.au /~cltan/superstrings/parse.cgi?Supersymmetry   (281 words)

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