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Topic: Supinator muscle

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	Encyclopedia: List of muscles of the human body (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In anatomy, the obliquus capitis inferior muscle, the larger of the two oblique muscles, is one of the muscles of the neck.
		Bulbospongiosus is one of the superficial muscles of the perineum.
		The pectineus muscle is a muscle in the inner thigh, by the femur.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/List-of-muscles-of-the-human-body (1492 words)

	Supination Dr.Rahul Nath
		Supination is one of the most misunderstood concepts in arm movement, especially in the context of brachial plexus injury.
		The term supination describes the rotation of the wrist and forearm such that the palm of the hand is facing upward (toward the ceiling).
		The opposite movement to supination is pronation, the downward rotation of the palm to face the floor.
	www.ubpn.org /awareness/A2003supination.html (640 words)

	Tibialis Posterior Tendon Dysfunction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The tibialis posterior muscle originates from the posterior aspect of the interosseous membrane, the superior two thirds of the postero medial aspect of the fibula and the superior aspect of the posterior surface of the tibia (Landorf, 1995, Myerson, 1993, Roukis et al, 1996, Blake et al, 1994).
		The function of tibialis posterior as a supinator of the subtalar joint and an adductor of the midtarsal joint results in it having an antagonistic relationship with the peroneal muscles, especially peroneus brevis (Landorf, 1995 Mann and Thompson, 1985).
		The tendon is released from the muscle belly proximally to distally around the medial malleolus and the insertion point on the navicular.
	podiatry.curtin.edu.au /encyclopedia/pt (3277 words)

	Encyclopedia of anatomy:M - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		latissimus dorsi cranialis - humeral flexor and adductor muscle
		Supinator - muscle that supinates and flexes the forearm
		tibialis cranialis - muscle that flexes the tarsometatarsus
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Encyclopedia_of_anatomy:M (236 words)

	Coventry Pain Clinic - Nerve Pain - Entrapment Neuropathy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The motor (deep) branch supplies the extensor muscles of the forearm, and is often known as the posterior interosseus nerve.
		Supinator Syndrome occurs when the radial nerve is compressed by the supinator muscle during repeated pronation/supination movements of the forearm.
		The medial compartment is deep in the leg and contains muscles which move the foot upwards and the toes downwards away from you (tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor hallucis longus), and the posterior tibial nerve (sensory to the sole of the foot).
	www.coventrypainclinic.org.uk /nervepain-entrapmentneuropathy.htm (3336 words)

	Interactive Chapter Summary
		muscles act on that region through their tendons but are located outside it-for example, muscles of the forearm that act on the fingers.
		muscle elevates the larynx to prevent choking; this action is felt as the bobbing of the "Adam's apple" during swallowing.
		The anterior surface of the scapula is occupied by the [67]
	www.mhhe.com /biosci/ap/saladin2e/student_demo/olc/chap11ssg.mhtml (1629 words)

	Lab Manual - Forearm & Wrist
		Separate the superficial muscles of extensors and flexors as related to the extensor retinaculum and the palmar carpal ligament.
		Identify supinator crest, posterior border, and interosseous crest of ulna.
		The muscles of the deep layer arise collectively from the posterior surface of the radius and ulna and the intervening interosseous membrane.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/limbs/forearm.html (1489 words)

	Nirschl Orthopedic Sportsmedicine Clinic
		A rapid eccentric contraction of a muscle firing at a high level is implicated in the pathology of tendons, as the rapid contraction does not allow for reflex relaxation of the muscle.
		This is because as a muscle fatigues, greater stresses are absorbed by the tendons.
		Supine sleeping is encouraged with pillows used to support the involved arm.
	www.nirschl.com /elbowten.htm (4924 words)

	BAND-IT (Red) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Band-It is the only medically-designed device to aid in the relief of the pain of tennis elbow, carpal tunnel syndrome and other forearm and wrist pain without cutting off circulation, without causing discomfort, and without inhibiting movement.
		Band-It addresses all physiological causes of tennis elbow: Lateral Epicondylitis - Band-It compresses the extensor muscle, decreasing the tension across it and lengthening it to protect against tears.
		Supinator Muscle Strain - probably the most common source of elbow and forearm pain, due to repetitive and prolonged muscle contraction of the forearm.
	www.infotrend.com.tw /merchants/BodyTrends-Affiliate-Program/Pain-Relief/BAND-ITs{1}(Red).html (193 words)

	Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Symptoms and Repetitive Strain Injury
		Although these muscles can certainly be involved in cases of Tennis Elbow, the injury is more often caused by active Myofascial Trigger Points in the Supinator muscle due to the strain of this muscle while engaged in resisted pronation or forceful supination of the wrist/forearm.
		Supinator Muscle: The Supinator muscle acts to supinate the hand and secondarily assist in flexion at the elbow.
		Supinator activity predominates over biceps activity during un-resisted supination of the hand, and is responsible for "holding/maintaining" the hand in a supinated position.
	www.repetitive-strain.com /TENNIS_ELBOW.html (1964 words)

	Geoff Mangum's Flatstick Forum
		Supination either going back of going forward is the same as the arms and hands "coming around the feet" to the inside.
		This is a supination of both forearms, similar to what happens when in the Runyan grip the hands are rolled to the outside (about 45 degrees), supinating each arm.
		I teach that this oppositional turning of the elbows inward (which supinates each forearm) with a sense of pronating the wrists slightly to keep the grip orientation unchanged acts a little like wringing a dishrag tight with a twist -- the twist in the arms-hands setup adds stability to the triangle.
	www.network54.com /Forum/thread?forumid=52812&messageid=1104452616&lp=1104552784 (1362 words)

	BIOLOGY 03048, ANATOMY, WEEK 10: UPPER EXTREMITY I 11/3/98
		Motor innervation is to flexor carpi ulnaris and medial ½ of flexor digitorum profundus and to all of the intrinsic muscles of the hand except of the thumb ones taken care of by the median nerve, e.g., the hypothenar eminence.
		Extensor muscles originate from the lateral epicondyle and repeated use, as with a backhand stroke with a tennis racket, may cause a strain on the periosteum and tendinous muscle attachments.
		Those muscles that flex the elbow joint are members of the brachial group, and are innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve, e.g., biceps brachii muscle and brachialis muscle.
	www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/library/crone/3048/highli14.html (2170 words)

	CWCE MAGAZINE FOR WORKPLACE PROFESSIONALS - ELBOW & FOREARM PAIN & INJURIES
		Additionally, several muscles originate at the elbow and are involved in common musculoskeletal problems associated with elbow pain.
		This condition is very common and most often develops from overuse of the forearm muscles in motions that require rotation of the forearm and movements of the wrist.
		Some patients with refractory epicondylitis may actually have a radial tunnel syndrome, which is entrapment of the posterior interosseous nerve (a branch of the radial nerve) as it passes under the supinator muscle.
	www.cwce.com /feinbergarticles/elbow.htm (1559 words)

	Medical Glossary - A
		Specifically it is used to differentiate between pain arising in the cervical nerve roots, and brachial plexus, and pain arising from the muscle bursae and joint capsule in the neck and shoulders.
		This is part of the tendinous/membranous origin of the supinator muscle at the lateral epicondyle of the humerus (outer aspect of the elbow).
		The posterior interosseous nerve (a branch of the radial nerve) passes between the superficial and deep parts of the supinator muscle where it may be trapped causing pain.
	www.rsi.websitehosting-services.co.uk /medgloss2.asp?ref=1 (521 words)

	Muscles of the Forearm
		This group of muscles arises from or in line with the medial epicondyle of the humerus, which is known as the common flexor attachment.
		The superficial flexor muscles all arise from a common tendon attached to the medial epicondyle of the humerus, known as the common flexor attachment.
		The remaining nine muscles are all extensors and are all innervated by the radial nerve.
	info.med.yale.edu /anatomy/notes/upper-limb6-4.html (744 words)

	"+t+"
		The cranial preputial muscle is a partially isolated portion of the.
		The muscle most closely in contact with the ventral surface of cervical vertebrae and intervertebral disks is the.
		Movement of the proximal portion of the tibia caudally, relative to the femur, is an indication of a torn:
	www.ucd.ie /vetanat/calnet/anatomy/anatomy.htm (1032 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates: Glossary Sq
		Supinator (muscle): a muscle which originates on the distal humerus, inserts on the radius and accomplishes supination (rotation of the wrist).
		Supinator process: a ridge or tuburcule on the anterodistal part of the humerus, usually just proximal to the ectepicondyle, from which it may be separated by a groove or fenestra, the ectepicondylar foramen.
		Supracoracoideus: A muscle which, in birds, is primarily involved in the recovery stroke.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Lists/Glossary/GlossarySq.html (2789 words)

	[No title]
		The two type of muscle fibres are Fats Twitch Fibres or Type II and Slow Twitch Fibres or Type I. Within an individual there are different proportions of the fibre types to be found in different muscles and evidence shows that fibre types are inherited.
		This process is an addition to the diffusion of oxygen between capillaries and muscle cells, caused by a larger concentration of oxygen in cells caused by a larger concentartion of oxygen in the haemoglobin than in the muscle cells.
		In the relaxed muscle all the bands are visable, whereas in the contracted muscle the light I band narrows then disappears, since the thin actin filaments are being drawn futher in between the thick myosin filaments.
	www.poohbah.ndo.co.uk /apmuscle.htm (1345 words)

	Radial nerve
		Posterior interosseus nerve: Extensor carpi radialis brevis and Supinator
		Supplies Extensor carpi radialis brevis and supinator before entering arcade of Froshe
		Laceration: Rare because nerve is deep to extensor muscles
	www.neuro.wustl.edu /neuromuscular/nanatomy/radial.htm (120 words)

	Virtual Hospital: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus I: Muscular System: Alphabetical Listing ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the absence of the long head, the tendon may be found arising from the bicipital groove, one of the tubercles, the capsule of the joint, or the tendon of pectoralis major.
		At the distal end of the biceps muscle, various muscular or tendinous slips have been described connecting biceps to the lower end of the humerus, the ulna, radius, antebrachial fascia, or neighboring muscles.
		The two heads of the muscle may be separate for the entire length of the muscle (Maclaister); a similar case is reported by Riverius (1545); in another case the muscle was split for three-fourths of its course;
	www.vh.org /adult/provider/anatomy/AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Text/B/02Biceps.html (2375 words)

	Muscle Of Hand and ARM :: chitogenix.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Muscle Regions of the Body: Head and neck.
		THE MUSCLES OF THE ARM and HAND **Students are responsible for information marked in red...
		The extensor carpi radialis longus is a short, flat muscle that arises from the humerus and extends down the arm.
	www.chitogenix.com /diet_eyes_in_lutein_serum_zeaxanthin/muscle_of_hand_and_arm.htm (263 words)

	Denver Colorado Personal Bodybuilding Gym
		These muscles are capable of exerting crushing grip force, or the delicate manipulations of a heart surgeon.
		The final general category of forearm muscles is the forearm extensors, or the smaller bundle of muscles on the outer sides of your forearms.
		Emphasis is on the Supinator and Pronator Muscles.
	www.guslerbodysculpting.com /forearmblast2004.htm (980 words)

	Hand University
		After the radial nerve passes under the supinator muscle, it branches out and attaches to the muscles on the back of the forearm.
		If the test shows a problem with the muscles, it may be caused by a problem with the radial nerve.
		Exercises are used to gradually stretch and strengthen the forearm and muscles.
	www.handuniversity.com /topics.asp?Topic_ID=1 (1524 words)

	Wrist Builder FAQ's
		The Wrist Flexion Exercise works the flexor muscles which are located on the palm side (anterior) of the forearm.
		Supination is performed in the forearm by the supinator muscle, extensor carpi radialis longus and the biceps brachii of the upper arm.
		The brachial radialis muscle is considered by some anatomist to be both a pronator and a supinator form the extremes of supination and pronation.
	www.paddleball.com /paddles/Accessories/wristbuilder/faqs.htm (831 words)

	eMedicine - Radial Nerve Entrapment : Article by Mark Stern, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		After emerging from the supinator, the nerve may be compressed before it bifurcates into medial and lateral branches, causing a complete paralysis of the digital extensors and dorsoradial deviation of the wrist secondary to paralysis of the extensor carpi ulnaris.
		It follows the spiral groove of the humerus, piercing the lateral intermuscular septum (10 cm proximal to the lateral epicondyle) from posterior to anterior, and runs between the brachialis and brachioradialis to lie anterior to the lateral condyle of the humerus.
		To explore and release the nerve in the supinator muscle and surrounding area, the incision is started 20-25 centimeters above the elbow and is continued to the dorsum of the forearm.
	www.emedicine.com /orthoped/topic549.htm (4079 words)

	The Forearm: Anatomy of Muscle Compartments and Nerves -- Boles et al. 174 (1): 151 -- American Journal of Roentgenology
		The Forearm: Anatomy of Muscle Compartments and Nerves -- Boles et al.
		Deep radial nerve is within supinator muscle and not visible.
		Posterior interosseous nerve is not visible as discrete structure because its numerous branches innervate dorsal muscles (similar in appearance to filum terminale of spinal cord).
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/figsonly/174/1/151 (1465 words)

	eMedicine - Radial Mononeuropathy : Article by Elizabeth A Sekul, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In isolated posterior interosseous lesions, sensation is spared and motor involvement occurs in radial muscles distal to the supinator.
		The posterior interosseous syndrome typically occurs from compression of this division of the radial nerve as penetrates the supinator muscle within the proximal forearm.
		It is associated with repetitive supination of the forearm and hypertrophy of the supinator muscle.
	www.emedicine.com /NEURO/topic587.htm (1326 words)

	Healthopedia.com - High Arches (Pes Cavus, Supinator)
		One of the most common causes of high arches is a loss of nerve function to the muscles of the foot.
		poliomyelitis, a disorder caused by a virus that affects the whole body including muscles and nerves.
		A muscle contracture is a condition in which the muscle is tight and prevents normal mobility.
	www.healthopedia.com /high-arches (396 words)

	Lab Manual - Forearm & Wrist
		Identify the extensor and flexor compartments of the forearm and hand, the nerve and vessels supplying their contents, and the functional significance of the included muscles.
		Follow the deep radial nerve as it pierces the supinator muscle.
		The forearm flexor muscles are arranged in three layers.
	anatomy.med.umich.edu /musculoskeletal_system/forearm.html (1487 words)

	Sample Answers Part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Radio-humeral joint - joint between concave part of end of radius and the capitulum of the humerus, 1° freedom, movement is a spinning as the forearm supinates and pronates.
		Damage to either of these structures may lead to significant loss of function in the case of nerve damage or ischaemic damage to structures distal to the elbow if the brachial artery is severed.
		Other structures that might be damages are the anteriorly placed muscle groups (biceps brachii, brachialis and possibly the forearm flexors and extensors) and the anteriorly placed joint structures such as the joint capsule etc.
	www.sohp.soton.ac.uk /biosci/examfeed.htm (1419 words)

	Virtual Hospital: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus I: Muscular System: Alphabetical Listing ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Spinner (1968) has pointed out that the most proximal part of the superficial head of the supinator muscle may be tendinous and form a fibrous arch and is implicated in the paralysis of the posterior interosseous nerve.
		The posterior interosseous nerve passes in a plane between the two heads of the supinator beneath the arch forming the origin of the muscle.
		In addition to its origin from the radial notch (lesser sigmoid) notch of the ulna, the superficial head of the supinator arises from the lateral aspect of the lateral epicondyle.
	www.vh.org /adult/provider/anatomy/AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Text/S/53Supinator.html (511 words)

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