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Topic: Suppletion

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	Sand Suppletion
		Suppleted sand serves as a protecting layer on the beach or on the subsurface shore for the wind and water to play with.
		The sand used for the suppletions originates from the bottom of the North Sea (from the point of 20 meters of depth seaward) and from the waterways (IJgeul and Euromaasgeul).
		Since 1990 sand suppletions have after all been the main means of executing the policy of dynamic preservation.
	www.rikz.nl /thema/kust_en_veiligheid/Beheer/zandsuppleties_e.html (457 words)

	Suppletion
		In linguistics and etymology, suppletion is the use as an inflected form of a word of an entirely different word that is not cognate to the uninflected form.
		In English, the past tense of the verb go is went, which comes from the past tense of the verb wend, archaic in this sense.
		Indeed, the verb "to go" has a variety of suppletive forms in Romance languages.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/su/Suppletion.html (289 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Suppletion
		In linguistics and etymology, suppletion is the use of one word as the inflected form of another word when the two words are not cognate.
		Instances of suppletion in a particular language are overwhelmingly restricted to its most commonly-used lexical items.
		The imperative prefix in Seri has more than one suppletive allomorph; omitting some details, these suppletive allomorphs include c- in negative imperatives, c- when followed by a root that begins with a short low vowel, null plus a vowel change before an intransitive verb that begins with a non-low vowel, and h- elsewhere.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Suppletion (759 words)

	David Adger
		In cases where it appears that two or more factors condition suppletion, it follows that all but one of them is the product of Agree, and therefore subject to the constraints in (iii) and (iv).
		We argue that, in this case, little v is the goal of a probe on T (as evidenced by allomorphy of the theme vowel for T), and it is adjacency to the valued little v that provides the insertion context for the verb root.
		A similar case is found in Gaelic, where certain verbs supplete for tense and for conjunct morphology (verbs are conjunct when C has certain properties).
	stl.recherche.univ-lille3.fr /archives/archivessilex/calendriers20002005/d_adger.htm (929 words)

	Suppletion Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		As part of continuing research into inflectional morphology, we intend to explore one of these boundaries, where different inflectional forms are not related phonologically.
		Suppletion is found in many inflecting languages and involves extremely frequent words.
		As yet, little is known about the range of patterns of suppletion which are attested in the world’s languages, about the universal constraints governing their occurrence, or their co-occurrence with other phenomena.
	www.surrey.ac.uk /LIS/SMG/suppletion_summary.htm (245 words)

	The Surrey Database of Suppletion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Suppletion is a relation between signs X and Y such that the semantic difference...between X and Y is maximally regular...while the phonological difference is maximally irregular.
		We look for suppletive relationships between stems, so the first step in establishing a suppletive relationship between two forms is to isolate the stems.
		We consider two (or more) stems to be in suppletive relationships if the phonological material they share is less than 50% and there are no rules that allow this formation of the stems.
	www.smg.surrey.ac.uk /Suppletion/Readmes/suppletion_theoretical.htm (462 words)

	Index (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Suppletion is a morphological phenomenon where different inflectional forms are not related phonologically.
		Suppletion is found in many inflecting languages, and "increasingly...
		The database was created for the project 'The notion 'possible word' and its limits: a typology of suppletion', funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Board under B/RG/AN4375/APN10619.
	www.smg.surrey.ac.uk /Suppletion/index.aspx (200 words)

	Department of Linguistics - University of Connecticut
		The data is drawn from a comprehensive study (in progress) of suppletion in adjectival comparatives within and beyond Indo-European.
		Although comparative suppletion is rare (though attested) outside of Indo-European, and although the data sample is small within any one language, the generalizations over the total data set are surprisingly robust.
		The superlative may use the same root as the comparative, or may be further suppletive, but will not use the basic adjectival root.
	www.linguistics.uconn.edu /llsp06bobaljik.htm (339 words)

	suppletion Information Center - suppletion is are was am
		Many suppletive forms are known to learners of languages simply as irregular.
		In English, the past tense of the verb go is went, which comes from suppletion is are was am the past tense of the verb wend, archaic in this sense.
		In English, the complicated irregular verb be / is / were has forms from several different roots: be originally comes from Indo-European bhu-; am, is and are from es-, and was and were from *wes-.
	www.scipeeps.com /Sci-Linguistic_Topics_R_-_T/suppletion.html (420 words)

	Suppletion - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Instances of suppletion in a particular language are overwhelmingly restricted to its most commonly-used lexical items.
		The imperative prefix in Seri has more than one suppletive allomorph; omitting some details, these suppletive allomorphs include c- in negative imperatives, c- when followed by a root that begins with a short low vowel, null plus a vowel change before an intransitive verb that begins with a non-low vowel, and h- elsewhere.
		The verb meaning 'arrive' has two suppletive stems: -afp when the subject is singular and -azcam when the subject is plural.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Suppletion (659 words)

	The Camargo Foundation : Fellow Project Details
		However, a "synthesis," a suppletion approach, is now necessary.
		Suppletion, the lexical listing of both the "long" and "short" allomorphs of liaison, does not entail a rule of consonant deletion, which is abstract because it is necessarily accompanied by the positing of "protective schwas," a nasalization rule and underlying h-aspiré.
		Actually, the insertion and suppletion schemes may be seen as notational variants in that they underline the essential nonphonological and idiosyncratic nature of French liaison.
	www.camargofoundation.org /fellowdetails.asp?recno=94 (154 words)

	CASE SUPPLETION IN FREE 1ST AND 2ND PERSON PRONOUNS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Suppletion is an extreme manifestation of morphological irregularity.
		– In the case suppletive pronouns, there are two case suppletive roots per person/number.
		– The case suppletive pronouns draw the ‘suppletive line’ between the case of subject and the other cases.
	ling.uni-konstanz.de /pages/event/abstracts/ViktorElshik_1.htm (234 words)

	Suppletion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		I am working on a database that will show the synchronic distribution of suppletive forms in verb inflection in the languages of the world.
		The second part of the dissertation is concerned with the diachronic development of the suppletive pairs.
		Suppletion in the derivation of ordinal numerals, paper presented at the 8th Student conference in linguistics, New York, April 1996.
	www.ling.su.se /staff/ljuba/suppletion/index.html (86 words)

	Linguist List - Dissertation Abstracts
		The present work is based on a broad sample of 193 languages, and shows that, contrary to the widespread view, patterns of suppletion according to grammatical category show systematicity in several respects.
		These patterns of suppletion can be correlated with particular geographical areas, language families, and specific lexemic groups.
		Historical data indicate that diachronically suppletive forms in paradigms result from a variety of processes which have different motivations.
	linguistlist.org /pubs/diss/browse-diss-action.cfm?DissID=3189 (307 words)

	Suppletion Bibliography
		Juge, Matthew L. On the rise of suppletion in verbal paradigm.
		The Origin and Development of the es vs. wes Suppletion in the Germanic copula: From a Non-Brugmannian Standpoint.
		Suppletion for suppletion, or the replacement of eode by went in English.
	www.surrey.ac.uk /LIS/SMG/Suppletion_BIB/WebBibliography.htm (828 words)

	Amazon.com: suppletion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Suppletion in Verb Paradigms: Bits And Pieces of the Puzzle (Typological Studies in Language) by Ljuba N. Veselinova (Hardcover - Aug 31, 2006)
		Suppletion for suppletion, or the replacement of eode by went in English (1).: An article from: Studia Anglica Posnaniensia: international review of English Studies by Jerzy Welna (Jul 28, 2005)
		Suppletion, spatial correlatives and the boundary concept (Slavic and East European Studies.
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=suppletion&index=blended&page=1 (889 words)

	LINGUIST List 11.1166: "Give" and Person Suppletion
		For the 1sg, 2sg and pl verbs one can see the outlines of an etymology consisting of a monosyllabic stem and a clitic pronoun, but this is not so clear that one can reconstruct earlier forms.
		Such suppletion seems to be found in a number of other Madang languages.
		Suppletion for first/second person versus third person seems particularly widespread, but at least in New Guinea richer suppletion is found, perhaps reflecting an origin in frozen pronominal affixes and a zero or minimal stem.
	linguistlist.org /issues/11/11-1166.html (940 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In this paper, an interpretation is offered of this nonactive voice suppletion in Albanian both with regard to the occurrence of suppletion itself and with regard to the use of the active endings in the Albanian past nonactive.
		The transformation of this original suppletive system in both Balto-Slavic and Greek, moreover, is explained as the result of analogical resolution of the suppletion in different directions in these two branches of Indo-European.
		Finally, the role of contact between Albanian and Greek is explored as a possible basis for the re-constitution of nonactive voice forms in later Greek with a new set of active endings compared with the Ancient Greek paradigm.
	home.olemiss.edu /~mldyer/balk/joseph.html (238 words)

	CAT.INIST (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		I am especially concerned with semantically 'canonical' suppletions, where there is no possibility that what is involved is a kind of lexicalization of a morphosyntactic distinction having particularly high 'relevance' to the suppleting lexeme, since there is simply no difference of meaning between the alternants.
		I suggest that one of a number of possible reactions to synonymy (something generally disfavoured in the lexicon) is to map semantically vacuous lexical distinctions onto semantically vacuous paradigmatic distinctions.
		In conclusion, I propose that studies of suppletion in all languages might benefit from asking more often why suppletions have the paradigmatic distributions they have, and being prepared to accept the possibility that an answer may lie in synchronically abstract and highly idiosyncratic aspects of paradigmatic structure.
	cat.inist.fr /?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=16349060 (323 words)

	Distributed Morphology
		Suppletive allomorphy occurs where different Vocabulary items compete for insertion into an f-morpheme.
		Traditionally it is often thought that there is a gradient between suppletion and other types of more phonologically regular allomorphy, and that no reasonable grounds can be given for how to divide the two or if they should be divided at all.
		The class of f-morphemes is as a result considerably enriched, but since the class of f-morphemes is circumscribed by Universal Grammar, it is also predicted that true suppletion should be limited to universal syntactico-semantic categories.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /~rnoyer/dm (5136 words)

	Clancy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Role of Polysemy and Suppletion in the Renewal and Development of BE and HAVE Constructions
		In this paper, the processes of polysemization and suppletion are identified as the sources of semantic change and renewal of constructions for BE and HAVE.
		In the process of suppletion, a given concept may augment, develop, and/or replace itself by including another lexical item or construction in its expression.
	aatseel.org /program/aatseel/2000/abstract-198.html (391 words)

	[No title]
		In the case of reduplication in morphology, for example, two adjacent morphemes may end up having the same form by rule, thus exemplifying intentional repetition (the reduplicative morpheme is phonologically incomplete and takes its form, partially or wholly, from its host).
		Haplology and suppletion, however, involve accidental repetition: the relevant morphemes happen to have the same form and happen to surface next to each other.
		In section 3 we turn to cases of haplology and suppletion involving morphemes that express identical features but are different in form.
	www.phon.ucl.ac.uk /home/hans/haplology.html (3371 words)

	GURT 2007 \| Little Words
		In this paper, I introduce and discuss two cross-linguistic generalizations regarding root suppletion in the comparative degree of adjectives (good-better, bad-worse).
		These generalizations, I contend, have a variety of consequences for morphology, semantics and perhaps syntax, particularly in the areas of lexical decomposition (at whatever level this obtains) and the formal treatment of suppletion vs. irregularity.
		I argue that this generalization favours analyses in which the superlative is not merely related to the comparative (e.g., both involve degree operators), but is rather derived from the comparative: thus a 'little' word like 'least' must have the complex structure [[[LITTLE]-MORE]-EST].
	www8.georgetown.edu /college/gurt/2007/plenaries.htm (1134 words)

	Corbett (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		First noun paradigms have sufficient cells for us to tease apart the irregularity of the lexeme in its entirety, and that of one of its word-forms.
		Second, irregularity in Russian is highly varied, ranging from full suppletion to shift in stress.
		If the plural forms of an individual lexeme are compared to the frequency one would expect for a typical lexeme of the corpus, anomalies in the absolute frequency of the plural subparadigm emerge.
	eserver.org /langs/emergence/corbett.html (437 words)

	John Benjamins: Book details for Suppletion in Verb Paradigms [TSL 67]
		In addition to identifying types of suppletion which occur cross-linguistically, the study brings to light areal patterns of the occurrence of suppletive forms in verb paradigms.
		Several hypotheses as regards the diachronic development of suppletive forms are presented as well.
		The author also seeks to explore the methodological issues of evaluating the frequency of linguistic features in large language samples by introducing a method of weighting languages according to their genetic relatedness.
	www.benjamins.nl /cgi-bin/t_bookview.cgi?bookid=TSL+67 (182 words)

	SpecGram—Systematic Suppletion: An Investigation of Ksotre Case Marking—Lawrence R. Muddybanks, Ph.D.
		This is, in fact, a case of suppletion, not unlike go/went in English, or ir/va/fue in Spanish.
		Were that the end of it, the only interest of this paradigm would be the fact that the suppletion occurs in a rather unexpected place (i.e., one doesn’t usually expect to find a second stem used exclusively in the elative dual).
		So despite the peculiar nature of the suppletive elative dual forms, they appear to be here to stay.
	www.specgram.com /CLII.2/07.muddybanks.suppletion.html (1534 words)

	LINGUIST List 18.68: Usurpative Etymology of Suppletive Forms
		mechanisms of the formation of suppletive forms are unclear.
		Although the definition of suppletion is often restricted to inflectional
		Mel'čuk, I. Suppletion: Toward a logical analysis of the concept.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/18/18-68.html (965 words)

	suppletion.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In the first part of the paper, we show that suppletion is not erratic: suppletive forms tend to always appear in groups, in definite areas of verbal paradigms.
		Our analysis is based on the observation of a number of dependency relations between inflectional forms of verbs (somewhat similar to rules of referral (Zwicky 1985, Stump 1993)).
		The approach to suppletion proposed in the first part is made explicit using a combination of online type construction and default constraints on the phonology of dependent signs.
	csli-publications.stanford.edu /HPSG/2/Bonami-Boye.html (234 words)

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