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Topic: Suppression of Enemy Air Defences

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	AIR POWER AN AUSTRALIAN APPROACH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Other principles to emerge were the use of tactical air power in contributing to the surface battle, the importance of using air power offensively for shock and decisive results, and the overriding importance of applying air power as a unified force.
		Counterair operations are the prime means for achieving control of the air and employ the offensive counterair role to destroy enemy air power on the ground and the defensive counterair role to attack intrusive enemy air power in the air.
		An example of a task is combat air patrol as part of the defensive counterair role, whereas a mission relates to the actual despatching of aircraft to accomplish one particular task that has a singular purpose and is limited in duration.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/apj/3spr91.html (4629 words)

	SEAD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		SEAD, or Suppression of Enemy Air Defences operations are military actions to suppress enemy surface-based air defence s primiarily in, but not limited to, the first hours of an attack.
		However an SEAD mission can be anything which damages or destroys a component of an air defence system, for example a Paveway LGB is not a SEAD-specific munition but when used to destroy a radar antenna it achieves the objective of Suppression of Enemy Air Defence.
		Sead Informiert über die Angebotspalette rund um Vermessungen, Grenzen, Gebäude, Grundstücksbewertung und Geoinformationssysteme.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-SEAD.html (221 words)

	Air Force Technology - X-45 J-UCAV - Joint Unmanned Combat Air System, USA
		The X-45A air vehicle is of a swept wing stealthy design and composite construction using foam matrix core and a composite fibre reinforced epoxy skin, with a wingspan of 10.31m and overall length 8.03m.
		The air vehicle is fitted with fully retractable tricycle landing gear for conventional autonomous take-off and landings.
		The air vehicle is capable of operating at an altitude of 10,670m (35,000ft) and has a cruise speed of Mach 0.75.
	www.airforce-technology.com /projects/x-45-ucav (1179 words)

	SEAD - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		SEAD (pronunciation: see-add), or Suppression of Enemy Air Defences operations are military actions to suppress enemy surface-based air defences (SAMs and AAA) primarily in, but not limited to, the first hours of an attack.
		In particular the US JSOW is an effective weapon for attacking SAM sites due to its fairly long standoff range which allows the lauching aircraft to avoid being threatened by all but the longest range missiles and its relatively large area of destruction against soft targets.
		These aircraft were nicknamed "Wild Weasels," and often used themselves as bait for enemy defences.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/SEAD (253 words)

	Airpower and Strategy.
		Air superiority missions, and its ultimate goal, air supremacy, are designed to remove threats to the operation of friendly aircraft and therefore allow the performance of other airpower missions.
		Air defence guns of all calibres have proven to be very effective against ground targets.
		Battlefield air interdiction is defined as that category of air interdiction that is flown in the battlefield area and can have a direct effect on the enemy's ability to continue operations.
	www.angelfire.com /art/enchanter/airpower.html (7213 words)

	Encyclopedia: SEAD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		An anti-radiation missile is a missile which is designed to detect and home in on the emissions of an enemy radar installation.
		Wild Weasel is a semi-official nickname for aircraft tasked with the Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses (or SEAD) mission.
		The MiG-25 is a Russian interceptor that was the mainstay of the Soviet air defence.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/SEAD (720 words)

	Counter Air
		SEAD assets are either tied directly to a strike package (fighter escort) or can operate detached in close proximity of the strike package.
		SEAD is a role in which specialised weapons and systems are employed to exploit inherent weaknesses in an enemy’s ground-based air defences.
		While offensive suppression of enemy air is preferred, the reality is that we must be prepared for enemy air attacks as they prosecute their own operations.
	www.defence.gov.au /RAAF/organisation/info_on/operations/counter_air2.htm (602 words)

	AIR POWER ROLES – Explanation of Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The aim of these operations is to nullify the enemy’s ability to conduct a meaningful air campaign, thus helping own air force to establish the desired degree of control of the air.
		Air Interdiction involves application of air power against enemy lines of communications well beyond the battlefield, to cut and disrupt the flow of supplies to land forces.
		Air Interdiction is an indirect form of air support and is aimed at influencing future land battles.
	www.pafcombat.com /air-powers-role.htm (539 words)

	Opinion
		Air superiority is the degree of dominance in the battle by the air forces of one entity over another that permits the conduct of operations by the former and its related land, sea and air forces at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the opposing air force.
		At the outbreak of hostilities, the first battle shall be for air superiority and outcome of this battle shall determine the fate of battle on land and sea.
		If in the air combat or during close support, the radar or HUD electronics are damaged, then it becomes impossible to see the radar lock of the target and subsequent release of weapons.
	www.defencejournal.com /2003/july/airdefenceofpakistanpart2.htm (4303 words)

	Defence Notes
		Air defence especially for nations under threat of military aggression thus becomes a vital element in its overall defence strategy.
		Suppression of enemy air defences is carried out either by hard kill method or soft kill method.
		This can be used to an advantage in the way that friendly fighters on CAP (Combat Air Patrol) or ADA (Air Defence Alert) be instantly vectored towards the general heading of the enemy formation to intercept them well before the launch range of their weapons or the operating range of their jamming equipment.
	www.defencejournal.com /2002/oct/air_defence.htm (2765 words)

	KOSOVO: Lessons from the Crisis - Chapter 7: Air Operations - Conduct and Lessons
		Targets for air strikes were selected by the NATO Military Authorities, acting in accordance with guidance agreed by the North Atlantic Council on broad sets of targets and the requirement to minimise collateral damage.
		Possession of such a missile during the Kosovo air operation would have enabled us to target tanks, other armoured vehicles and similar targets (eg air defence assets) more effectively, and with a low risk of collateral damage as the missile is locked onto the selected target before launch.
		The first stage of the air operation was aimed at (and succeeded in) degrading the Yugoslav Integrated Air Defence System, but as a threat remained, force packages were escorted by EW and SEAD-capable aircraft to counter these threats as they arose.
	www.kosovo.mod.uk /lessons/chapter7.htm (4982 words)

	Chinese Defence Today :: FT-2000 Anti-Radiation Surface-to-Air Missile System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Although being generally regarded as the most effective means of air defence, the current high- and medium-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) systems such as the U.S. Patriot and Russian S-300 (SA-10) are still insufficient when enemy ‘leakers’ can launch their attacks by taking advantage of barrage electronic jamming tactics.
		Most current high- and medium-range SAM systems are vulnerable to disruption from S- and C-Band airborne noise and deception jammers, used for the temporary suppression of enemy air defences (SEAD) with lethal effect.
		It was reported that unknown number of the FT-2000 may have already been equipped by the PLAAF air defence forces based in Fujian Province near Taiwan Strait, where the FT-2000s are co-located along with Russia-made S-300PMU1 SAMs, but this has yet be confirmed.
	www.sinodefence.com /missile/airdefence/ft2000.asp (791 words)

	Encyclopedia: RAF Tornado GR4 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As early as 1984 the UK Ministry of Defence began studies of a Mid-Life Update (MLU) of the aircraft.
		Paveway/Storm Shadow) and Supression of Enemy Air Defence (e.g.
		The Royal Air Force (often abbreviated to RAF) is the air force branch of the UK Armed Forces.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/RAF-Tornado-GR4 (1610 words)

	Sipri Yearbook 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Suppression of enemy air defences is carried out either by hard kill method or soft kill method.
		Hard kill means actual destruction of anti-aircraft defences and soft kill means jamming or disabling the surveillance and fire control radars for a particular time-period so that a strike formation can finish its job.
		The next important aspect of our air defence system is against Ballistic Missiles because our adversary has the short and long-range Ballistic Missiles and they will certainly be used in any possible future conflict.
	www.paksearch.com /DJ/2002/Oct/air_defence.htm (2787 words)

	FLUG REVUE March 2003: Prowler successor sought
		Suppression of enemy air defences (SEAD) has been one of the standard tasks of the US armed forces since the Vietnam War.
		According to the US Air Force, Russian exports of equipment such as the S-300 and S-400, with their extremely long-range missiles, constitute an increasing threat.
		According to the Defence Intelligence Agency, during the entire operation Allied Force in 1999 the US forces did not succeed in ever entirely closing down the skilfully deployed Yugoslav air defences.
	www.flug-revue.rotor.com /FRheft/FRH0303/FR0303b.htm (1633 words)

	PRESS RELEASE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The exercise will be conducted by Headquarters Allied Air Forces North, Ramstein, Germany, and will involve air forces from Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States of America.
		The French air force joins the exercise as part of the normal training relations that have been established with its allies.
		The exercise will focus on practising and evaluating tactics for the use of composite air operations with emphasis on the suppression of enemy air defences and electronic warfare.
	www.shape.nato.int /structur/airnorth/text/iepr_final.htm (307 words)

	Panavia Tornado -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The UK is researching possible replacements under the Future Offensive Air System study, which could be a piloted aircraft, a UAV or a cruise missile-based system.
		Some original RAF F3s were loaned to the Italian Air Force as an interim replacement for the (Click link for more info and facts about F-104 Starfighter) F-104 Starfighter, until the (Click link for more info and facts about Eurofighter Typhoon) Eurofighter Typhoon enters service.
		Low-level missions are vulnerable to anti-aircraft artillery fire and shoulder-launched surface-to-air missiles, while runway-denial was unnecessary due to the air superiority the Allies had already established.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/p/pa/panavia_tornado.htm (1608 words)

	Read B4 Flight - Well, I couldn't type remove b4 flight, so I did READ b4 flight
		Air Defence Variant (ADV) - UK, Saudi Arabia Known as the F3 in RAF service, this aircraft have recently been modified to be able to fire the ALARM anti-radiation missile, and thus be able to take on the mission of Suppression of Enemy Air Defences or SEAD.
		Some original RAF F3s were loaned to the Italian Air Force as an interim replacement for the F-104 Starfighter, until the Eurofighter Typhoon enters service.
		Further upgrades, until early 2003 very secret, were the installation of an Emitter Location System, which is used to locate where radars are in order to allow suppression of enemy air defence missions to be flown.
	www.freewebs.com /read_b4_flight/deebestofall.htm (1411 words)

	Sead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		F-16C block 50 #94044, from the 20th FW at Shaw AFB, is one of the last F-16s delivered to the USAF and is used in the SEAD role (Sr Airman Greg L. Davis photo...
		As for the Tampines Rovers, the two goals were scored for the team by Sead Muratovic and Mirko Grabovac respectively.
		Office staff approached Bhurin Sead, then a graduating Asian-American senior, to emcee an Asian-American portion of the program, but he walked away from the...
	www.wikiverse.org /sead (234 words)

	Wikinfo \| Joseph Stalin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		However, this document was suppressed by members of the Central Committee, many of whom were also criticised by the Bolshevik leader.
		In the late 1940s, there were also attempts to suppress special and general relativity, as well as quantum mechanics on the grounds of idealism.
		It is of note that Anna Akhmatova was subjected to several cycles of suppression and rehabilitation, but was never herself arrested, although her first husband, Nikolai Gumilev the poet, had been shot already in 1921, and her son, Lev Gumilev the historian, spent two decades in the Gulag.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Joseph_Stalin (6278 words)

	EFA-2000 Eurofighter
		Deliveries to the Royal Air Force began in June 2002 and are scheduled to run until the year 2014.
		As of August 1995 delivery of the first aircraft to the Royal Air Force was scheduled for December 2000, some three years later than planned at the start of the development phase.
		In a statement released 05 December 2002, British Defence Minister Lewis Moonie said the decision to push back delivery of the fighter is the result of minor design problems and the slow pace of gathering performance and flight-safety data by industry ahead of the aircraft’s acceptance into service.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/europe/eurofighter.htm (1472 words)

	BBC - Norfolk Features - RAF Marham flies out its Tornados
		Among their armaments is the air launched anti-radiation missile (ALARM), which is used to destroy or suppress the use of enemy ground-based air defence radar systems.
		Again, their role is the suppression of enemy air defences.
		When the Queen visited RAF Marham (of which she is Honorary Air Commodore) at the beginning of her Golden Jubilee year, a Canberra was painted up in its original livery for her to see.
	www.bbc.co.uk /norfolk/features/raf_marham.shtml (663 words)

	AGM-88 HARM
		During the Desert Storm campaign the Coalition's ability to saturate Iraqi air defences with ARM fire during the opening hours of the air war was a decisive factor in the overwhelming defeat of Iraq's IADS.
		The situational awareness advantage is not confined to SEAD aircraft alone, as the Rivet Joint may also broadcast general advisories to combat aircraft operating in the area, as well as coordinate standoff jamming operations by the EF-111A and EA-6B.
		The upside, for smaller air forces, is that this situation has produced both a Conops and a generation of equipment which would allow a smaller air force to acquire a very potent and credible electronic combat capability at a modest cost indeed, in a short timescale.
	www.ausairpower.net /API-AGM-88-HARM.html (5323 words)

	Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle (UCAV)
		The Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle vision is an affordable weapon system that expands tactical mission options for revolutionary new air power as an integrated part of a system of systems solution.
		The HPM would be used to suppress enemy air defences, and disable command-and-control nodes and other electronic equipment.
		The platform will also have the ability to conduct land-based suppression of enemy air defenses; intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance missions; and other missions, while demonstrating advanced target detection, interoperability, and advanced command and control techniques.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/aircraft/ucav.htm (2026 words)

	Kosovo Crisis - Jane's Defence (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		As NATO air operations were stepped up last week to target a broad array of Yugoslav targets, Serb forces adopted a "defensive and concealed posture" hiding main battle tanks near civilian houses and slowing military activity in order to conserve resources.
		Yugoslav air defence forces have expended the majority of their stocks of radar-guided surface-to-air missiles (SAMs), according to US Air Force (USAF) commanders at Aviano Air Base, Italy, responsible for suppression of enemy air defence (SEAD) missions.
		The NATO air campaign over Yugoslavia was into its fourth week as JIR went to press, with UK Prime Minister Tony Blair among others identifying the removal of Serb leader Slobodan Milosevic as the ultimate objective.
	www.janes.com /defence/news/kosovo/misc990301_01_n.shtml (1559 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Ireland
		As the proctors of the clergy refused to agree to this measure, the irate monarch deprived them of the right of voting, and in revenge confiscated church lands and suppressed monasteries, in some cases shed the blood of their inmates, in the remaining cases sent them forth homeless and poor.
		The children of the poor, avoiding the Protestant schools, met in the open air, with only some friendly hedge to protect them from the blast; but they met in fear and trembling, for the hedge-school and its master were proscribed.
		The Association was suppressed in 1825 by Act of Parliament; but O'Connell merely changed the name; and the New Catholic Association with its New Catholic rent continued the work of agitation as of old.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/08098b.htm (18270 words)

	berlin wall defences -- berlin wall defences (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Given the sea's importance ('Which serves it in the office of a wall, /Or as a moat defensive to a house', as John of Gaunt has it in Richard II), historical scholarship on ships and the navy is...
		defences in the UK in 1940 a network of defences was hastily built all over the British Isles...
		substances, the organism is short on its defences and falls victim to the infection.
	www.djberlin.com /berlinwalldefences (3393 words)

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