Supranational law - Factbites

Supranational law - Factbites
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Topic: Supranational law

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	WINDOWS\DESKTOP\Schumanweb\fed
		Supranational law is a law binding democratic states by majority vote of democratic government ministers meeting in Council.
		The European Union (which does not have a legal personality; only the European Community does) is a mixture of supranational elements that are subject to law and proper democratic review and some intergovernmental elements which do not.
		The supranational concept and supranational law is the main basis of subsequent EU development.
	users.belgacombusiness.net /schuman/fed.htm (1740 words)

	WINDOWS\DESKTOP\jubilee
		The European Union is subject to international human rights law and enjoys the solidarity and scutiny of other member states and citizens, treated as equals.
		Today the peoples and governments manage their potential INTERNATIONAL problems through the RULE OF LAW without recourse to force.
		thanks to the world's first supranational union of states and peoples, announced by the French Government by Foreign Minister Robert Schuman on
	users.belgacombusiness.net /schuman/jubilee.htm (586 words)

	LABOUR EDUCATION 109 (109e3.htm) - Worker's activities
		However, a supranational labour law should also be developed for the purpose of regulating these new regional-level circumstances and of harmonizing respective national labour legislations in the light of new regional circumstances.
		Such a trade union strategy is based on the socio-political nature of trade unions, who claim their right to “engage in politics” while maintaining their autonomy, to forge links with political parties sympathetic to workers, and to introduce debate on supranational socio-labour topics in national parliaments.
		The promptness of their response may be attributed to the fact that the national trade union confederations were already engaged in discussions on how to adapt trade union strategies to the changes that were occurring not only in the region but throughout the world.
	www.ilo.org /public/english/dialogue/actrav/publ/109/109e3.htm (7269 words)

	Prof. Pedro A. Malavet, Comparative Law, Notes Part 12
		This is clearly visible in Europe, in the Supranational European Union and in the increasingly powerful regional governments.
		But this is challenged, or perhaps actually driven, by Supranational and Internal challenges to national supremacy.
		Supranational Authorities like the EU and the European Human Rights Convention.
	nersp.nerdc.ufl.edu /~malavet/comparat/notes/part12.htm (332 words)

	Hunton & Williams International Environmental Law
		International and European environmental law has grown significantly. Business operations and products are now subject to a complex set of domestic and international norms. The Firm's international and European environmental attorneys—who lecture and publish frequently—monitor the most recent international and European environmental trends to determine impacts on clients’ operations and products.
		Environmental law is a hallmark of Hunton & Williams’ International and European practices.
		The Firm's multinational team is uniquely qualified to assist global clients with environmental advice extending beyond the borders of any specific jurisdiction. The environmental lawyers in its Washington D.C., Brussels and New York City offices are trained in common and civil law jurisdictions, and are fluent in Arabic, Dutch, English, French, Spanish and German.
	www.hunton.com /practices/practice_detail.aspx?gr_H4ID=981&tab=0001 (555 words)

	European Union Law
		The European Union Law is an unique legal phenomenon developed in the process of European integration within the framework of the European Communities and the European Union; a result of the implementation of the supranational authority of the European institutions.
		The authonomy of the European Union law is affirmed by a case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Communities.
		The European Community law (the EC law) is the core of the European Union law and the European communities law.
	eulaw.edu.ru /english/papers/eu_law.htm (941 words)

	IFLR: Researching European Union Law
		The European Union (EU) is an supranational organization currently composed of 25 European countries who have decided to cooperate on a number of issues (economic, monetary, security, etc.) and adopt uniform laws.
		European Parliament is composed of Representatives directly elected by the populations of the Member States.
		European Research Papers Archive is a collection of working papers from many research institutions specializing in the area of European integration.
	www.law.berkeley.edu /library/classes/iflr/europeanunion.html (3804 words)

	Bora Laskin Law Library -Finding Legal Information on the Web - First Nations and the Law
		Focuses on the rights of indigenous peoples, and provideds links to supranational treaties, U.N. materials, laws of national regimes, and commentary.
		The law of First Nations deals with issues concerning aboriginal people such as comprehensive and specific land and property compensation claims; treaty claims and interpretation; aboriginal self-government; claims to renewable and non-renewable natural resources; hunting, fishing and trapping rights; government relations; economic development; taxation; and various public policy issues.
		All contents copyright Bora Laskin Law Library, 2004
	www.law-lib.utoronto.ca /resources/topic/first.htm (248 words)

	Issue #15: August, 1997
		Although international law has long been state-centric, new actors, including individuals, NGOs, transnational corporations, supranational institutions, and transnational networks of individuals, groups, corporate entities and government bureaucrats, are playing an ever increasing role in the development of international law and the international system.
		Professor William R. Slomanson Thomas Jefferson School of Law 2121 San Diego Avenue San Diego, CA 92110 Geneva, 5 June 1997 Dear Mr.
		We would be happy if you and other American law professors will encourage your students to attend.
	www.lawschool.cornell.edu /library/asil/15LETTER.htm (248 words)

	CONTEMPORARY STATE SOVEREIGNTY UNDER THE MICROSCOPE
		Typi-cally, both types of intervention by states or supranational institutions are explained and justified in terms of support for human rights, or some other principle that all states are assumed to support, or perhaps as action requested by some relevantly situated internal minority group or national minority.
		The international law model suggests that the member states of the eu retain full sovereignty and that their internal legal structures retain final authority for determining disputes and disagreements, including, ultimately, disagreements regarding the extent and implications of the treaties that frame the eu and its political institutions.
		The complexity of organization that characterizes the modern state is intelligible only in the light of a formidable body of public law authorizing people to act and investing their acts with the quality of being valid state-actions.
	www.utpjournals.com /product/utlj/522/522_milde.html (248 words)

	The Societas Europaea (European Company) as a New Corporate Vehicle
		The proposed European Company is an effort to mould a supranational company, a creature of Community law which is to a significant extent autonomous of MS laws.
		Under the new company law regime, existing EU companies would be able to combine or reorganize their business structure and set up a working structure which, in theory, would be able to take full advantage of the single market, together with the facility to transfer its seat from one MS to another with greater ease.
		Companies operating at Community level are presently required to sustain superfluous and expensive divisions in their structures and organisations to meet the conditions imposed under national corporate legislation.
	www.chetcuticauchi.com /mcc/research/european-company-statute-1.htm (3245 words)

	The Peace of Westphalia
		National sovereignty became a recognized part of international law, because in the treaty, the state, not supranational institutions, like the ones the Emperor or the Pope led, was declared to be the highest authority on national and international law.
		Furthermore, it was stressed, for the first time in an official state-to-state treaty, that cooperation among independent states, not supranational force, should be the foundation for international law.
		The peace also established forgiveness as a principle of international law: that debts as well as war crimes should be forgiven, if it were in the interest of the peace and the future development of mankind.
	www.aboutsudan.com /democracy/peace_process/westphalia.htm (5404 words)

	The Peace of Westphalia
		National sovereignty became a recognized part of international law, because in the treaty, the state, not supranational institutions, like the ones the Emperor or the Pope led, was declared to be the highest authority on national and international law.
		Furthermore, it was stressed, for the first time in an official state-to-state treaty, that cooperation among independent states, not supranational force, should be the foundation for international law.
		But the content of this treaty, which is credited with establishing the sovereignty of the nation-state, as opposed to the era of empires, has been a matter of agitated debate among international political leaders.
	www.aboutsudan.com /democracy/peace_process/westphalia.htm (5404 words)

	Recent Faculty Scholarship
		Creating European Rights: National Values and Supranational Interests, 11 Columbia Journal of European Law (forthcoming 2005).
		Admissibility of Fruits of Breached Evidentiary Privileges: The Importance of Adversarial Fairness, Party Culpability, and Fear of Immunity, 81 Washington University Law Quarterly 473-489 (2003).
		Bayh-Dole Reform and the Progress of Biomedicine, 66 Law and Contemporary Problems 289-315 (Winter/Spring 2003) (with Rebecca Eisenberg).
	www.law.duke.edu /fac/facpub.html (5404 words)

	Sovereignty and Inequality
		State sovereignty as a normative concept is increasingly challenged, especially by a functional view in which the state loses its normative priority and competes with supranational, private, and local actors in the optimal allocation of regulatory authority.
		For mainstream writers sovereignty is at once the architecture for the present and future international legal system, an obstacle to a deepening rule of law system, a legitimation of morally dubious state conduct or social practices, a bulwark against the iniquities of dominance by powerful external forces, and a basis for identity and democratic decision-making.
		The system of sovereignty has hitherto had the effect of fragmenting and diverting demands that international law better address inequality, but if sovereignty were to be displaced as a foundational normative concept for the structure of international law, an alternative means to manage inequality would become essential.
	www.ejil.org /journal/Vol9/No4/ab1.html (5404 words)

	European Union - free-definition
		The "European Community" is one of the three pillars of the European Union, being both the most important pillar and the only one to operate primarily through supranational institutions.
		As a result of this European Union Law is increasingly present in the systems of the Member States.
		A common EU competition law controlling anti-competitive activities of companies (through antitrust law and merger control) and Member States (through the State Aids regime).
	www.netlexikon.akademie.de /European-Union.html (3346 words)

	The Rome Convention
		Unlike the Rome Convention, parties are also allowed to stipulate supranational law to govern the contract.
		In these cases the Convention determines the applicable law by choosing the municipal law of one of the jurisdictions in question, whereby renvoi is excluded, art.15.
		Provisions of the Mexico City Convention are very similar to those of the Rome Convention: Parties are free to express a choice of law, art.7(1); choice can be made impliedly, art.7(1); freedom of choice is limited by mandatory rules, art.11, and public policy, art.18.
	ruessmann.jura.uni-sb.de /rw20/people/rschu/public/rome.html (2224 words)

	Amazon.de: English Books: Arbitration in Air, Space and Telecommunications Law: Enforcing Regulatory Measures (Permanent Court of Arbitration/Peace Palace Papers)
		In this publication, experts examine the international instruments in air, space, and telecommunications law and the need for a mandatory supranational dispute settlement mechanism.
		This seminar, which was organized in co-operation with the European Organization for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL), addressed the topic of the role of dispute resolution mechanisms in the fields of air and space law and telecommunications activities.
		Arbitration in Air, Space and Telecommunications Law: Enforcing Regulatory Measures (Permanent Court of Arbitration/Peace Palace Papers)
	www.amazon.de /exec/obidos/ASIN/9041117733 (2224 words)

	European Union Legal Materials
		Columbia University does not have a subscription to this fee database published by the European Union Office of Publications because much of the content is available through other databases, such as Westlaw or Lexis, or in the print collection.
		The European Union is a supranational organization whose members include most countries of Western Europe (referred to as Member States).
		European Union Law Reporter (formerly known as the Common Market Law Reporter).
	www.law.columbia.edu /library/Research_Guides/internat_law/eu (2224 words)

	MPIfG Working Paper 03/1, Fritz W. Scharpf: Problem-Solving Effectiveness and Democratic Accountability in the EU
		The policies of negative integration that can be imposed in the supranational-centralized mode are either supported by broad consensus or covered by the blanket legitimacy of (national) judicial systems and a general belief in the rule of law.
		The legitimacy of EU policies adopted in the supranational mode is originally rooted in the intergovernmental agreement on the relevant Treaty provisions.
		In other words, when European law is applied in national courts, European judicial legislation is immunized against political challenges by its parasitic relationship with the legitimacy of the national legal order (Burley and Mattli 1993; Dehousse 1998; Alter 2001).
	www.mpi-fg-koeln.mpg.de /pu/workpap/wp03-1/wp03-1.html (11290 words)

	Guide to European Union Research
		CELEX: Access to European Union law CELEX is a comprehensive and authoritative source of EC law offering full-text coverage of a wide range of legal acts from the founding treaties, to enacted and proposed legislation, international agreements and the decisions of the European Courts before Dec. 31 2004. For Jan. 2005 forward, use Eur-Lex.
		History of Europe as a Supranational Region Lists and links to every key historical document in European integration beginning with the 1957 Treaty of Rome.
		Eur-Lex (European Union Law) Initially, EUR-Lex provides free public access to issues of the Official Journal of the European Communities (both L and C series) published in the last twenty days, the Treaties, consolidated versions of existing legislation and recent judgments by the Court of Justice.
	www.library.cornell.edu /olinuris/ref/EUInternet.htm (1849 words)

	The Constitution of The Consensus
		4.2 Such nations will come together in co-operative supranational organisations to ensure that international relations are governed by multilateral consensual Law and Justice.
		3.1 The (elected) law making Legislative branch of government, the Executive (Civil Service), the Judiciary responsible for interpreting the law and administering it, and the police/military enforcement arm are to be seperated in their powers and their administration from each other.
		Consensus members may form informal groups to promote the Consensus Essentia and Principia in localities not covered by formal affiliated Consensus Associations or to pursue a particular interest, or to develop policy.
	www.theconsensus.org /uk/constitution (1849 words)

	BUBL LINK: Political science
		It is one of the largest libraries in the world devoted exclusively to the social sciences, with particular strength in economics, government and politics, international, political, economic and social history, international law, international relations, social policy and public administration, sociology, and statistics (economic, political, and social).
		Following multivariate analyses, it is concluded that political orientations have no effect on supranationalism and that supranational attitudes are affected by an interaction between domestic and transgovernmental experiences.
		Subjects: law enforcement, military science, political science, transportation
	bubl.ac.uk /link/p/politicalscience.htm (1655 words)

	European Union - free-definition
		The "European Community" is one of the three pillars of the European Union, being both the most important pillar and the only one to operate primarily through supranational institutions.
		Autonomous decision making: Member States have granted the European Commission power to issue decisions in certain areas such as competition law, State Aid control and liberalisation.
		A common EU competition law controlling anti-competitive activities of companies (through antitrust law and merger control) and Member States (through the State Aids regime).
	www.netlexikon.akademie.de /European-Union.html (3346 words)

	European Union Legal Materials
		Columbia University does not have a subscription to this fee database published by the European Union Office of Publications because much of the content is available through other databases, such as Westlaw or Lexis, or in the print collection.
		The European Union is a supranational organization whose members include most countries of Western Europe (referred to as Member States).
		European Union Law Reporter (formerly known as the Common Market Law Reporter).
	www.law.columbia.edu /library/Research_Guides/internat_law/eu (3346 words)

	North American Free Trade Agreement - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch
		Unlike the European Union, NAFTA does not create a set of supranational governmental bodies, nor does it create a body of law which is superior to national law.
		Under United States law it is classed as a congressional-executive agreement.
		The agreement was an expansion of the earlier Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement of 1989.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /north_american_free_trade_agreement.htm (3346 words)

	Legal Topics Reference Desk : Coleman Karesh Law Library: USC School of Law
		In addition to extensive commentary and related practice areas, provides links at Hieros Gamos to supranational, multilateral, and domestic sources of trade law, including treaties, national regimes, and relevant U.S. law and agencies.
		Provides links at Hieros Gamos to legal sources on immigration law and migration in the ordinary course of movement of peoples.
		Provides links at Hieros Gamos to online sites related to women and the law.
	www.law.sc.edu /library/online/legal.shtml (3734 words)

	President - Subsidiarity Principle
		Of particular interest is the emergence of the principle of subsidiarity as a political means to curb the supranational trend of the European Community, while at the same time it serves the European Court of Justice as a justiciable principle of Community law.
		The scholarly literature on subsidiarity contains arguments admonishing the Court to exercise judicial restraint while generally affirming the efficacy of subsidiarity as a justiciable principle of Community law whether interpreting procedural or substantive legal issues.
		The purpose of this paper is to examine the principle of subsidiarity as it appears in The Treaty on European Union and The Treaty of Amsterdam.
	www.txwesleyan.edu /president/subsidiarity.htm (5002 words)

	European Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The "European Community" is one of the three pillars of the European Union, being both the most important pillar and the only one to operate primarily through supranational institutions.
		The European Union or EU is an intergovernmental and supranational union of 25 European countries, known as member states.
		European Union law comprises a large number of overlapping legal and institutional structures.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/European_Union (5002 words)

	Mercosul and Supranationality - How to Overcome Brazilian Constitutional Obstacles
		MERCOSUL remains submitted to the ruling of Public International Law, where treaties are governed by the domestic constitutions of each country.
		On the same line of thought, jurist Leonardo Greco affirms "It is necessary to have control over competencies and over the applicable law within MERCOSUL and that it is necessary to have a uniform interpretation of these norms within the entire space of the countries in the integration process.
		Therefore, aiming the effective Brazilian integration to MERCOSUL, there should be a provision, along the list of fundamental rights, where it would be established the competency of a supranational tribunal for the solution of conflicts arising from the relations between individuals and between member States.
	www.hottopos.com /harvard4/max.htm (8712 words)

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