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Topic: Supreme War Council (Japan)

	Chapter 31
		President Wilson persuaded the public for war by declaring his twin goals of "a war to end war" and a crusade "to make the world safe for democracy." He argued that America only fought to shape an international order in which democracy could flourish without fear of dictators and militarists.
		Japan demanded China's Shandong Peninsula and the German islands of the Pacific, which it had seized during the war.
		After Japan threatened to walk out, Wilson accepted a compromise in which Japan kept Germany's economic holdings in Shandong and pledged to return the peninsula to China at a later date.
	www.apnotes.net /ch31.html (2171 words)

	Prelude to Intervention: The Decision of the United States and Japan to Intervene In Siberia, 1917-1918
		In this telegram the Supreme War Council outlined its proposal for an Allied intervention in Russia and Siberia.
		In response to the July 3 appeal by the Supreme War Council for an intervention in Siberia, the White House convened a conference on July 6 to discuss the situation.
		Japan’s formal declaration of its intent to intervene in Siberia was forwarded to the acting Secretary of State, Frank L. Polk, on August 2.
	secretwar.hhsweb.com /prelude_to_intervention.htm (6006 words)

	War against Japan, 1942-45
		Japan was supplying its troops in Burma by ships on a two thousand mile journey southward around the Malay Peninsula, and it was losing those ships to attacks by U.S. submarines.
		Japan was flooded with anti-Semitic literature, which had some influence on attitude toward the Jews, but, during the war, expressions of hostility to the Jewish center in Japan came in the form of only one hostile telephone call.
		Admiral Kantaro Suzuki's report on Japan's material deprivations was released to the Supreme Council for the Conduct of the War, a body consisting of the prime minister, the foreign minister and the top four military chiefs.
	www.fsmitha.com /h2/ch23ja.html (4749 words)

	Supreme War Council - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Supreme War Council was a central command created by British Prime Minister David Lloyd George to coordinate Allied military strategy during World War I.
		Lloyd George had grave concerns regarding the strategy of Sir William Robertson, chief of the Imperial General Staff and Sir Douglas Haig, the Commander in Chief of the British Expeditionary Force, in response to the Allied losses at the Somme and at Passchendaele.
		Following the Italian defeat at the Battle of Caporetto, in which the Germans and Austro-Hungarians surprised the Italian forces, Lloyd George proposed the formation of the Supreme War Council.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Supreme_War_Council (236 words)

	United States Strategic Bombing Survey: Summary Report (Pacific War)
		Japan's merchant shipping fleet, was not only a key link in the logistical support of her armed forces in the field, but also a vital link in her economic structure.
		Had the war continued, and had the raw material situation been such as to warrant their restoration, it is estimated that the dockyard could have been in a position to produce at 80 percent of its full capacity within 3 to 4 months; that the steel works would.
		Japan's geographical situation determined that the Pacific war should in large measure be a war for control of the sea, and to insure control of the sea, for control of the air over it.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/AAF/USSBS-PTO-Summary.html (20350 words)

	Japan (11/06)
		Manchukuo was dissolved, and Manchuria was returned to China; Japan renounced all claims to Formosa; Korea was occupied and divided by the U.S. and the U.S.S.R.; southern Sakhalin and the Kuriles were occupied by the U.S.S.R.; and the U.S. became the sole administering authority of the Ryukyu, Bonin, and Volcano Islands.
		Japan's relations with Russia are hampered by the two sides' inability to resolve their territorial dispute over the islands that make up the Northern Territories (Southern Kuriles) seized by the U.S.S.R. at the end of World War II.
		Japan's economic engagement with its neighbors is increasing, as evidenced by the conclusion of an EPA with Singapore and the Philippines, and its ongoing negotiations for EPAs with Thailand and Malaysia.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ei/bgn/4142.htm (5052 words)

	Constitution of Japan - Wikisource
		The Supreme Court is vested with the rule-making power under which it determines the rules of procedure and of practice, and of matters relating to attorneys, the internal discipline of the courts and the administration of judicial affairs.
		The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Judge and such number of judges as may be determined by law; all such judges excepting the Chief Judge shall be appointed by the Cabinet.
		This Constitution shall be the supreme law of the nation and no law, ordinance, imperial rescript or their act of government, or part thereof, contrary to the provisions hereof, shall have legal force or validity.
	en.wikisource.org /wiki/Constitution_of_Japan (4247 words)

	Interwar Japan
		Japan and Britain, both of whom wanted to keep Russia out of Manchuria, signed the Treaty of Alliance in 1902, which was in effect until in 1921 when the two signed the Four Power Treaty on Insular Possessions, which took effect in 1923.
		Japan's military expansionism and quest for national self- sufficiency eventually led the United States in 1940 to embargo war supplies, abrogate a long-standing commercial treaty, and put greater restrictions on the export of critical commodities.
		Japan countered that it would not use force unless "a country not yet involved in the European war" (that is, the United States) attacked Germany or Italy.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/IntJapan.html (8730 words)

	GI -- World War II Commemoration
		When the outcome of war was regarded to be the judgment of heaven, or the vanquished were regarded as being abandoned by the gods, such doctrines were used as justification for the cruel treatment of the defeated.
		Although subsequently further refined by various international conventions--for example, the Geneva Prisoner of War Convention of 1929 and the Geneva conventions of 1949--the Hague Regulations of 1907 (as they are called for short) have continued to form the core of the law of war of the 20th century.
		War crimes can be punished, not only by the organs of the country of which the offender is a citizen--for example, a guard who tortures, or a camp commander who orders the torturing of, prisoners of war will in a civilized country be court-martialed by his own authorities--but also by the enemy.
	www.grolier.com /wwii/wwii_warcrimes.html (4032 words)

	World War Two
		After the first four minutes describing Japan's "plans for world conquest" and showing some atrocities committed by the Japanese (some of the images are unsettling) the film shows the B-29 manufacturing facility with its many innovative features and details the plane's specifications.
		This motion picture was part of the "Mighty 7th War Loan" and describes the efforts of the 82nd Airborne, 101st Airborne, and the 9th Troop Transport Command.
		Japan formally signed the Instrument of Surrender aboard the U.S. Battleship Missouri on September 2, 1945.
	www.signalalpha.com /html/world_war_two.html (1672 words)

	Supreme War Council (Japan) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Supreme War Council (Senso-shi-do) was established during the development of representative government in Meiji period Japan to further strengthen the authority of the state.
		The Supreme War Council developed a German-style general staff system with a chief of staff who had direct access to the emperor and who could operate independently of the army minister and civilian officials.
		The Supreme War Council was the de facto inner cabinet of Japan prior to and during World War II.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Supreme_War_Council_(Japan) (244 words)

	After the War, by Michael Doliner
		The situation in Japan at the end of the war was quite different from what is likely to appear in Iraq.
		Japan is, for all intents and purposes, a monoculture.
		Further, Japan was already a highly industrialized country before the occupation and could realistically set out upon an ambitious course of high-tech development as early as 1946, even in the face of very different American plans to keep Japan a fourth-rate country.
	www.antiwar.com /orig/doliner1.html (2206 words)

	Iraqi Draft Constitution - by news
		Article (99): It is permissible by law to establish a state council to handle the tasks of the administrative judiciary, advising, phrasing, representing the state and all other public associations in front of the judiciary, except what the law exempts.
		Article (105): A council, to be called the federal public service council, shall be established and it shall be responsible for regulating the affairs of the federal public office, including appointments and promotions.
		Article (130): The judicial authority of the region consists of the judicial council of the region, the courts, the prosecutors offices, and the regional court of cassation is considered the highest judicial authority in the region.
	www.antiwar.com /news/?articleid=7088 (9431 words)

	Xiang Gang
		The supreme executive authority after the handover was vested in a chief executive, chosen by a 400-strong Selection Committee, governing with an Executive Council appointed by the Executive.
		Hong Kong's legislative organ prior to July 1997 was the 60-member Legislative Council (Legco), 39 of whom were, by 1995, directly elected (20 by public poll, 10 by electoral colleges, and 9 by functional constituencies representing occupational groups), and 21 indirectly elected.
		The reform proposals were passed by the Executive Council in February 1993, but their presentation to Legco was suspended to allow negotiations with China on the subject.
	www.graman.net /hongkong (2075 words)

	Star Wars: Databank \| Yoda
		Serving alongside such luminaries as Mace Windu and Ki-Adi-Mundi, Yoda was present during the turbulent events that would eventually unravel the centuries-old Republic and seal the fate of the Jedi order.
		Supreme Chancellor Palpatine, newly granted emergency powers, took possession of the Clone Army, and ordered the Jedi into action.
		As Republic clones engaged Separatist droids, the Clone Wars began.
	www.starwars.com /databank/character/yoda/index.html (1743 words)

	How Japan surrendered: Japan's Longest Day
		Japan in the summer of 1945 was governed, in the name of the emperor, by the Supreme War Council or Big Six.
		The issue on the table in late summer of 1945 was the surrender of Japan.
		Since these six people were unable to agree to end the war, there were two other sources of authority which could possibly break the deadlock, although, since Japan was already at war, the hawks had no desire to break the deadlock.
	www.warbirdforum.com /end.htm (989 words)

	The End of WWII
		The Emperor and his council - during this period were finalizing the debate to continue with the war or surrender.
		General Hideki Tojo, supreme war lord of Japan, - the person who made the final decisions in 1941 to attack the U.S. (and others).
		The comments included indications that the war was being lost and no longer could a favorable upturn be expected; that the enemy was now using a terrible weapon; and that to continue would result in the annihilation of the Nation.
	yohidevils.net /kanto/endww2.htm (769 words)

	War Responsibility
		Knowing they were defeated, yet indifferent to the suffering that the war was imposing on their own people, the Emperor and his leaders stubbornly searched for a way to lose without losing.
		Japan’s leaders, trapped in a failed and endangered ideology, were willing to sacrifice huge numbers of Japanese in order to maintain their and their monarch’s power.
		He who made the war meaningful and valid for the people of Japan wanted to obfuscate the issue of accountability, prevent expressions of strife and anger, and strengthen domestic unity centered on himself.
	www.willamette.edu /~rloftus/warrespons.html (1554 words)

	San Francisco Japantown 100th Anniversary - History of San Francisco's Japantown
		Following the declaration of war against Japan, the Western Defense Command is established, with headquarters in the Presidio of San Francisco, under Lt. General John L. DeWitt.
		By war's end, some 4,000 Nisei are relocated from the camps to 600 colleges and universities across the country.
		The taiko drum is considered sacred in Japan and was first used to drive away evil spirits from crops and later to give thanks for a plentiful harvest.
	www.sfjapantown100.org (3751 words)

	Japan - Amnesty International (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		However, talks were suspended as the Japanese government insisted that the five kidnapped Japanese who were visiting Japan be allowed to stay in Japan and that their family members still in North Korea be allowed to join them.
		In 2001 the Council of Europe had threatened to withdraw Japan’s observer status at the Council if Japan did not take positive steps to abolish the death penalty.
		After Japan carried out the executions in September, the Council of Europe issued a statement condemning the executions and stated that it was horrifying that they took place without the families of the executed men knowing the date in advance.
	web.amnesty.org /report2003/Jpn-summary-eng (1121 words)

	SWC
		On the other hand the Supreme War Council feel bound to point out that in their judgment failure to intervene immediately must inevitably cause effects which can only be described as disastrous to the Allied cause.
		Allied intervention will be the first step in stimulating the national uprising in Russia against German domination which will have an immediate effect in renewing German anxiety in regard to the east and compelling her to refrain from removing further troops westward and perhaps to move troops back to the east.
		The unanimous opinion of General Foch and the Allied military advisers of the Supreme War Council that immediate dispatch of a considerable Allied force to Siberia is essential for the victory of the Allied armies;
	secretwar.hhsweb.com /swc.htm (2260 words)

	Nikkei Timeline
		April 9 The Japanese Canadian War Memorial cenotaph is officially unveiled in Stanley Park near Lumberman’s Arch on the third anniversary of the Battle of Vimy Ridge.
		During the Second World War, she played a vital and voluntary role in ensuring that Japanese Canadian children in British Columbia received a proper education by organizing schools in camps and by supervising teacher training.
		Her first novel, Obasan, a moving and eloquent account of the treatment of Japanese-Canadians interned during World War II as seen through the eyes of a five-year old girl, earned her several literary awards and provided Canadians with an important document relating to a critical period in their history.
	www.nikkeiplace.org /timeline.html (5807 words)

	JURIST - Japan
		The plaintiffs - known as "war orphans" - alleged that....
		Japan court rejects World War II sex slaves lawsuit
		Japan court upholds death sentence for chemist in 1995 Tokyo nerve gas attack
	jurist.law.pitt.edu /countries/japan.php (750 words)

	Page Not Found - Council on Foreign Relations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It appears that you are using either an older, classic Web browser or a hand-held device that allows you to view our content but may not work with every feature of our site.
		The page you've requested does not exist at this time on the Council of Foreign Relations website.
		Copyright 2006 by the Council on Foreign Relations.
	www.cfr.org /publication/9238 (168 words)

	Letter to Pat Robertson
		Who killed millions of human beings in World War I? Who killed 6 million Jews during World War II?
		I am confident that I can prove that the killings carried out by the Muslims are negligible compared to the killings carried out by Christians and other non-Muslims.
		On behalf of Islamic Supreme Council of Canada (ISCC), I would like to invite you to visit
	www.islamicsupremecouncil.com /patrobertson.htm (756 words)

	News Archive - April, 2007
		President Bush Meets with EU Leaders, Chancellor Merkel of the Federal Republic of Germany and President Barroso of the European Council and President of the European Commission
		President Bush Pleased by Supreme Court's Decision to Uphold Partial-Birth Abortion Ban
		Bush to Welcome Prime Minister of Japan and Mrs.
	www.whitehouse.gov /news/releases/2007/04 (1049 words)

	Documents Relating to the Foreign Policy of the Clinton Administration
		Brad Roberts, "1995 and the End of the Post-Cold War Era," Washington Quarterly, Vol.
		Conclusions of the Report of the Commission to Assess The Ballistic Missile Threat to the United States (The Rumsfeld Commission), 15 July 1998
		THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL PROJECT, ORAL HISTORY ROUNDTABLES, The Clinton Administration, National Security Council, September 27, 2000, Ivo H. Daalder and I.M. Destler, Moderators, Karla J. Nieting, Rapporteur, Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland, School of Public Affairs, University of Maryland, The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC
	www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/clinton.htm (2334 words)

	SPECIAL OFFER - SALE ON ENTIRE SET
		Material from the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), National Security Agency (NSA), Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), Secret Service, National Security Council, Department of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Department of Justice, National Archive Records Administration, Presidential Libraries, and more
		JOHN F. WORLD WAR I and II POSTERS
		BROWN V. CIVIL WAR POSTERS - UNION and CONFEDERATE
	www.paperlessarchives.com /special_offer.html (217 words)

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